Business

The X-Press Pearl Disaster: From Flames to Prevention

Published

3 years ago

2023/05/6

By Ruwan Samaraweera

Sri Lanka’s ecological disaster related to the MV X-Press Pearl, a container ship carrying hazardous chemicals that caught fire off its coast on 20th May 2021, is back in the news as the country attempts to claim damages. The ecological disaster washed up tons of plastic pellets and other pollutants on the country’s beaches and harmed its marine ecosystem.

It is a stark reminder of the risks associated with transporting hazardous materials and the urgent need for governments and companies to take proactive measures to prevent such disasters in the future. This blog revisits the environmental impact of the X-Press Pearl disaster and discusses how Sri Lanka can use the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) to develop strategies and policies to prevent similar disasters from happening near its shores again.

The Environmental and Economic Impacts of X-Press Pearl

The X-Press Pearl disaster has had a devastating impact on Sri Lanka’s environment and its citizens. The Marine Environment Protection Authority (MEPA) reported an oil slick of an approximate area of 0.51 km2 with a length of 4.3 km around the wreck. According to the International Pollutants Elimination Network, the ship’s cargo included billions of plastic pellets (microplastics used to produce plastic) which have washed up on the shore, causing damage to the country’s marine ecosystem, tourism industry and its reputation as an eco-tourism destination. According to the International Maritime Hazardous Goods Regulation (IMDG regulation), an analysis of the cargo manifest revealed that at least 81 of the 1,486 containers aboard the MV X-Press were transporting 15 distinct categories of hazardous materials, including 25 tons of nitric acid. While the full extent of the damage is yet to be determined by the MEPA, the insurance company for the ship has already compensated the Sri Lankan government to the tune of USD 7.85 million.

Beyond the monetary valuation, the disaster has severely impacted Sri Lanka’s fishing industry, with over 20,000 fishing families and approximately 16,000 fishermen affected. Additionally, the spillage of hazardous chemicals into the sea has killed over 300 marine animals, including turtles, dolphins, and whales.

The disaster has also raised concerns about the impact of hazardous material transportation on the environment and public safety, highlighting the need for more stringent regulations, especially in densely populated areas. It also revealed institutional and capacity constraints and a lack of training in handling such emergencies, which should be addressed to prevent such disasters. This is where the SFDRR comes into play, providing a comprehensive framework to address these issues and build resilience in the face of such catastrophes.

The Way Forward: Preventing Future Maritime Disasters

The X-Press Pearl disaster is a wake-up call for governments and companies worldwide to take proactive measures to prevent similar disasters in the future. Since its inception in 2015, the SFDRR has become widely recognised for managing diverse disasters worldwide.

The Sendai Framework

Even though there are various frameworks and policies related to disaster risk reduction at the national level in Sri Lanka, including the National Disaster Management Plan, they were inadequate to address the X-Press Pearl disaster timely and effectively. Other countries use numerous measures like response and containment techniques, preparedness and planning, regulation and enforcement, international cooperation and collaboration. The SDFRR combines these individual efforts and brings them under an umbrella framework.

Hence, it offers a comprehensive framework that countries like Sri Lanka can adopt to address the challenges associated with hazardous material transportation and other maritime disaster risks. Moreover, while the adoption of the SFDRR is novel for preventing maritime disasters, it has been widely adopted by many countries, including but not limited to Japan (climate change, Tsunami, Fukushima nuclear disaster, etc.), Australia (wildfires), and Nepal (earthquakes). Therefore, the X-Press Pearl maritime disaster emphasises the potential for harnessing the SFDRR’s wide range of applicability to prevent future similar disasters in Sri Lanka.

Understanding the risks

The first step in preventing such disasters is understanding the risks of shipping hazardous materials through Sri Lanka’s waters. Sri Lanka did not have a proper contingency plan in place to deal with a disaster of this scale. Furthermore, the risk assessment conducted prior to granting permission for the vessel to enter Sri Lankan waters did not adequately consider the potential impact of a disaster. Thus, as mentioned in the SFDRR, Sri Lanka should conduct a risk assessment concerning the potential impact of such disasters on the environment, the economy, and public health.

Strengthening regulations

The SFDRR emphasises the need to strengthen regulations and laws to prevent disasters. For instance, the Draft National Transport Policy of 2009 highlights the safer transportation of hazardous material in all modes, yet the cabinet has not approved this.

Therefore, it is imperative that Sri Lanka reviews its existing laws and regulations, such as the National Environmental Act No. 47 of 1980, the Marine Pollution Prevention Act No. 35 of 2008, and the Dangerous Goods (Transportation) Regulations governing the transportation of hazardous materials and makes necessary amendments to ensure compliance with international standards.

Building capacity

The SFDRR encourages increasing preparedness at all echelons of society. During the X-Press Pearl disaster, emergency responders lacked the necessary equipment and training to respond to the disaster effectively. Additionally, poor coordination between different agencies hampered the response effort. To address these issues, training programmes in collaboration with the Sri Lanka Navy and MEPA could be conducted for essential stakeholders such as shipping companies, port authorities, and emergency responders. These programmes could provide them with the necessary knowledge and skills to prevent and effectively respond to such catastrophes.

Promoting public awareness

The framework stresses the need to educate the public and raise awareness to prevent disasters. However, in the recent disaster, the lack of public awareness about the risks associated with transporting hazardous materials made it difficult to generate support for preventive measures. Therefore, the government, private sector, non-governmental organisations and other relevant stakeholders are responsible for informing the public about the risks of transporting hazardous commodities and the importance of adopting safe shipping practices.

Collaboration and partnerships

The framework encourages cooperation and partnership amongst all parties involved in disaster management. However, Sri Lanka did not collaborate effectively with other countries or international organisations to prevent the disaster. For example, there was no information sharing about the vessel’s previous safety record, which could have alerted Sri Lanka to potential risks. To avoid similar events in the future, Sri Lanka could collaborate with other nations (India and other South Asian countries), international organisations (such as the International Maritime Organisation), and shipping companies.

The disaster has also brought attention to the need for sustainable shipping practices, such as using alternative fuels and more eco-friendly packing materials.Hence, by adopting the Sendai Framework, Sri Lanka can develop an effective approach to prevent similar disasters in the future through proactive measures to protect the environment, public health, and the economy.

Link to blog: https://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2023/05/03/the-x-press-pearl-disaster-from-flames-to-prevention/

Ruwan Samaraweera is a Research Officer at IPS with a background in entrepreneurial agriculture. He holds a Bachelor’s in Export Agriculture from Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. His research interests are environmental economics, agricultural economics, macroeconomic policy and planning, labour and migration, and poverty and development policy. (Talk to Ruwan – ruwan@ips.lk)

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Business

SLTDA launches NTSP campaign to elevate national tourism quality and standards

Published

2 hours ago

2026/09/15

Sahan Weerasooriya

Tourism top officials at Ella programme launch.

by Claude Gunasekera

The Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority (SLTDA) officially launched its nationwide capacity-building campaign, “Grow your Tourism Business with National Tourism Skilling Programme (NTSP),” August 31, from the scenic regional hub of Ella. Directed under the leadership of the Tourism Deputy Minister, Prof. Ruwan Ranasinghe, the comprehensive initiative aims to transform micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) by accelerating their digital readiness and business formalization across the local hospitality ecosystem.

The entire islandwide operation is under the direct coordination of Ms. Tharanga Rupasinghe, the SLTDA Director of Standards and Quality Assurance, ensuring that all rural operators align seamlessly with international hospitality standards. By utilizing the framework of the NTSP, the campaign focuses on delivering essential digital payment tools, modern online marketing insights, and compliance frameworks directly to village-level enterprises, handcraft artisans, and independent tour operators. Speaking at the launch event in Ella, Tourism Deputy Minister Prof. Ruwan Ranasinghe emphasised that sustainable growth in the travel sector relies heavily on empowering smaller stakeholders to become resilient, data-driven participants in the modern market. “True economic resilience in our tourism sector cannot be achieved through large-scale infrastructure alone, but must be built from the ground up by transforming our local communities and regional MSMEs into direct, digitally enabled beneficiaries of global travel traffic,” Prof. Ranasinghe noted. Through this synchronized, localized training approach, the SLTDA intends to systematically protect cultural heritage while elevating the service quality benchmarks of regional travel hotspots nationwide.

Regional hospitality groups, led by the Ella Tourism Association, have strongly welcomed the launch of the SLTDA national skilling campaign, calling it a vital step toward safeguarding the destination’s international reputation. Local operators noted that rapid commercial growth in the Uva Province has highlighted an urgent need for structural standardization, making the arrival of the National Tourism Skilling Programme (NTSP) highly timely. The grassroots response focused heavily on the benefits of formalization and digital integration for the region’s diverse service sector. The Ella Homestay Owners Collective praised the focus on digital payment tools, noting that transition support will help smaller vendors capture direct bookings and reduce their reliance on third-party booking commissions.

The Uva Tuk-Tuk and Adventure Guides Association highlighted that the safety and compliance training will build trust with high-spending international travelers, effectively raising service quality benchmarks across the town. Local association leaders emphasized that having Ms. Tharanga Rupasinghe, SLTDA Director of Standards and Quality Assurance, directly coordinate the field training ensures the program addresses practical, local challenges rather than just theoretical rules. Following the initial rollout, regional committees have pledged to work alongside the SLTDA to ensure that even the smallest village artisans and micro-enterprises achieve official registration, positioning Ella as a model hub for high-quality, community-driven sustainable tourism.

Business

Sri Lanka–Indonesia Business Council holds 3rd Annual General Meeting

Published

2 hours ago

2026/09/15

Sahan Weerasooriya

Newly Appointed Executive Committee of SLIBC for the year 2026/2027

The Sri Lanka–Indonesia Business Council of The Ceylon Chamber of Commerce held its 3rd Annual General Meeting recently, bringing together Council members and key stakeholders to review the Council’s activities and priorities for the year ahead. The AGM was graced by Dewi Gustina Tobing, Ambassador of Indonesia to Sri Lanka and Patron of the Council

Delivering her address, Dewi Gustina Tobing, Ambassador of Indonesia to Sri Lanka, provided a comprehensive overview of Indonesia’s political and economic landscape, highlighting the country’s focus on promoting economic independence, strengthening sectoral resilience, improving public welfare, and facilitating both inbound and outbound investment.

Re-elected as President of the Council for 2026/27, Sheamalee Wickramasingha, Chairman / Group Managing Director of Ceylon Biscuits Ltd. acknowledged the instrumental role played by the Ambassador in the re-establishment of the Council and reflected on the Council’s key achievements during the past year. She highlighted the successful Sri Lanka–Indonesia Business Delegation to Indonesia, which provided valuable opportunities for Sri Lankan businesses to engage with Indonesian counterparts and explore avenues for commercial cooperation.

Business

LAUGFS Supermarkets opens 46th outlet in Kotahena

Published

2 hours ago

2026/09/15

Sahan Weerasooriya

LAUGFS Supermarkets has further strengthened its growing retail presence with the opening of its 46th outlet at No. 78, K.B. Christy Perera Mawatha, Kotahena. The new outlet operates 24 hours a day, offering customers a wide range of products together with bakery and hot food options, providing greater convenience and accessibility to the surrounding community.

The new Kotahena outlet further expands LAUGFS Supermarkets’ growing network and reflects the Group’s continued focus on strengthening its presence in strategic locations across the country. The opening ceremony was attended by the Group Chairman, Group Executive Vice Chairman, Acting Group Managing Director/Group Executive Director and senior management.

Commenting on the opening, the Sector Managing Director/CEO – Retail, Niroshan De Silva, said, “The opening of our 46th outlet reflects the dedication, teamwork and determination of our people, who have worked exceptionally hard to bring this outlet together. The new Kotahena outlet is designed to offer customers greater convenience, with an inbuilt bakery and hot food facility that provides freshly prepared food alongside our wide range of products, all under one roof. Our focus is to ensure that every LAUGFS Supermarket operates to the highest standards and consistently delivers quality, convenience and service excellence to our customers.”

The opening of the Kotahena outlet marks another significant milestone in LAUGFS Supermarkets’ ongoing expansion, bringing its products and services closer to more customers while further enhancing its 24-hour retail offering. With its growing network of outlets and continued focus on customer convenience and service excellence, LAUGFS Supermarkets remains committed to strengthening its presence and creating greater value for customers across Sri Lanka.