Business
IMF’s unstated rate:Sri Lanka’s $695m loan costs about 5.33% per annum
Gita Gopinath, who served as the IMF’s First Deputy Managing Director from 2022 to 2025 and is now a professor of economics at Harvard University, said something at a Bloomberg podcast interview on May 29 that every Sri Lankan policymaker and citizen should hear. She said: “I do think there has been a regime shift – a change in the underlying dynamics that kept interest rates low.”
According to her comments, for nearly two decades before the pandemic, the world enjoyed unusually cheap money. The IMF, the Asian Development Bank, and other multilateral lenders all lent at very low rates.
Now, that era is over.
The Island Financial Review asked an independent analyst what he thought about Gopinath’s comments and how they would matter to Sri Lanka right now.
The following are excerpts from his comments:
“Even though Sri Lanka cannot borrow from international capital markets because of its default, we still borrow from the IMF and ADB. Many people assume those loans are always cheap. They are cheaper than private banks and that is true. But they are no longer as cheap as they used to be.”
“The IMF’s interest rate is tied directly to global short-term rates, mainly the US dollar rate. When the US Federal Reserve raises rates, the IMF’s rate rises automatically. There is no escape. The ADB is in a similar position. It raises money by selling bonds in global markets. When those markets demand higher interest, the ADB must pay more. It then passes that cost to borrowers like Sri Lanka. So even our ‘concessional’ loans are now more expensive than they were five years ago. And because the shift is permanent – not temporary – we cannot wait for rates to fall back to the old normal. That normal is gone.”
At the interview, Gopinath gave three reasons for this shift: large government deficits in rich countries, the huge appetite for capital from the artificial intelligence boom, and a change in who buys government debt. None of those factors are going away soon. Her warning to the world was clear: adjust to higher rates, because they are here to stay.
For Sri Lanka, this means three things, the analyst said.
“First, every new IMF or ADB loan will carry a higher interest cost than the last one. Second, the 2% surcharge we currently pay to the IMF – because our borrowing exceeds 300% of our quota – becomes even more painful when the base rate is also high. Third, our path to returning to international capital markets is now steeper. If we try to go back to borrow privately, the rates waiting for us will be far higher. Probably as high as 8-10%.”
“None of this is a reason for panic. But it is a reason for realism. The cheap IMF and ADB loans of the past are gone. Gita Gopinath said so herself. The only sensible response is to borrow less, export more, and rebuild our economy so that one day we no longer depend on any lender – cheap or expensive. That day is still far away. But knowing the truth about interest rates is the first step toward reaching it.”
Notably, referring to a missing number in all the IMF news here in Sri Lanka, he said:
“There is one more thing worth noting. On May 29, Sri Lanka received a double tranche of USD 695 million from the IMF after the successful completion of the fifth and sixth reviews. Every news channel carried the story. The Central Bank issued a statement. The Finance Ministry welcomed the funds. And so did the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce. But not one official source told the Sri Lankan people a simple fact: at what interest rate did we receive this money?
“Here is the answer that nobody gave. The IMF’s current basic interest rate – called the rate of charge – is tied to the SDR interest rate, which stood at 2.729% as of mid-May 2026. On top of that, the IMF adds a fixed margin. In May 2026, the IMF Executive Board confirmed that the margin would remain at 60 basis points for the coming financial year. That brings the base rate to approximately 3.33%.
“But Sri Lanka does not pay only the base rate. Because our borrowing from the IMF exceeds 300% of our quota, we also pay a level-based surcharge of 200 basis points, or 2 percentage points. This surcharge was introduced to discourage countries from borrowing heavily from the Fund. For a country in default, however, there is little alternative.
“So the current borrowing cost can be estimated as follows: 2.73% SDR interest rate, plus 0.60% IMF margin, plus 2.00% surcharge. That comes to approximately 5.33% per annum.
“There is also a separate service charge of 0.50% levied on each disbursement. However, this is a one-time fee rather than an annual interest charge. For the latest USD 695 million tranche, that service charge would amount to roughly USD 3.5 million.
“Before the pandemic, the IMF’s basic rate of charge was often below 2%. Sri Lanka’s total borrowing from the IMF under the Extended Fund Facility now stands at approximately USD 2.4 billion. By the time we finish repaying these loans – with repayment periods of 5 to 10 years in semi-annual installments – the total interest and related charges paid will run into hundreds of millions of dollars.
“None of this is a secret. The IMF publishes its rate formulas openly. Sri Lanka’s projected payments, including principal and interest, are available on the IMF website. For May 2026 alone, Sri Lanka’s scheduled payments to the IMF totaled more than USD 47 million, comprising USD 29.7 million in principal and USD 17.3 million in interest and charges.
“But somehow, when the good news of a disbursement is announced, the interest rate is never mentioned. Perhaps that is because 5.33% does not sound as heroic as USD 695 million. Perhaps it is because nobody wants to remind a suffering public that even IMF financing carries a significant cost. Whatever the reason, the people of Sri Lanka deserve to know the full cost of the money their government is borrowing.
“Gita Gopinath warned us that the era of cheap loans is gone. The latest IMF disbursement shows exactly what that new era looks like,” he said in conclusion.
When the good news is announced, no one has the heart to mention the cost
By Sanath Nanayakkare
Business
SEC, CSE and CA Sri Lanka sign MOU to advance XBRL-based digital reporting for listed companies
The Securities and Exchange Commission of Sri Lanka (SEC), Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE), and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Sri Lanka (CA Sri Lanka) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to collaborate on the implementation of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) based reporting for companies listed on the CSE.
The agreement marks a significant milestone in Sri Lanka’s efforts to modernise corporate reporting and strengthen the digital infrastructure of the capital market. The initiative aims to streamline the submission of both financial and non-financial information by listed entities, enhancing transparency, accessibility and investor confidence.
The MoU formalises the partnership, following the establishment of a joint SEC-CSE committee tasked with driving the initiative. With the in-principle approval of the SEC, the committee has been working closely with CA Sri Lanka to develop the framework required for the successful rollout.
XBRL is the internationally recognised standard for digital business reporting, developed and maintained by XBRL International, a global non-profit consortium. The standard enables financial and business information to be reported in a structured, machine-readable format, facilitating more efficient analysis, comparison and interpretation of corporate disclosures by regulators, investors, analysts and other stakeholders.
The introduction of XBRL reporting is expected to deliver several key benefits for both listed companies and users of financial information. These include reducing reliance on manual data processing, improving the accuracy and consistency of reported information, supporting more advanced data analysis, and lowering long-term reporting costs. The flexibility of the XBRL framework also allows organisations to tailor taxonomies to meet specific reporting requirements. In addition, XBRL adoption will enhance market transparency and efficiency by enabling quicker access to comparable corporate information. It will also align Sri Lanka’s reporting framework with global standards, making the country’s capital market more accessible and attractive to international investors familiar with XBRL-based financial reporting.
Business
LOLC Insurance and Seylan Bank celebrate Bancassurance Excellence through “League of Greatness” 2025
LOLC Insurance recently hosted the “LOLC Insurance – Seylan Bancassurance Felicitation Night 2025” under the theme “League of Greatness,” celebrating the success of its longstanding bancassurance partnership with Seylan Bank. The event marked another milestone in a strategic collaboration that has continued to grow since 2013.
The felicitation ceremony brought together senior management, sales leadership, branch representatives, and top-performing teams from both organisations to recognise excellence, appreciate contributions, and reaffirm the enduring partnership between LOLC Insurance and Seylan Bank. The collaboration currently spans 104 Seylan Bank branches across Sri Lanka, delivering accessible life and general insurance solutions islandwide.
Speaking at the event, Ramesh Jayasekara, Director/Chief Executive Officer, Seylan Bank PLC, stated, “Our partnership with LOLC Insurance continues to create meaningful value for customers while further strengthening the bancassurance proposition within the banking sector. The dedication and collaborative spirit demonstrated by both teams have been instrumental in achieving these milestones and sustaining the growth of this partnership. We look forward to enhancing our collaboration and delivering greater value to customers in the years ahead.”
Sharing insights during the event, Eugene Seneviratne, Deputy General Manager – Retail Banking, Seylan Bank, added, “The professionalism and operational efficiency demonstrated by the bancassurance teams have been instrumental in consolidating this partnership. Our branch teams continue to seamlessly manage day-to-day bancassurance functions with minimal operational escalations, reflecting the strength of a well-structured and highly efficient framework. This has contributed to a smooth and mutually beneficial working relationship, enabling the partnership to enhance coordination, execution, and overall performance.”
Addressing the gathering, Kithsiri Gunawardena, Chairman/Principal Officer of LOLC General Insurance and Director of LOLC Life Assurance, stated, “Successful partnerships are built on trust, shared values, and a common vision. The strength and longevity of this collaboration reflect the commitment of both organisations to delivering meaningful impact to customers while advancing the country’s bancassurance sector. The positive feedback and appreciation consistently received from Seylan Bank regarding the quality of service delivered and the steadfast support extended by the teams stand as a testament to the professionalism and service excellence upheld throughout the partnership.”
Business
The bill nobody budgets for: Healthcare and the retirement gap in Sri Lanka
Most people, when they think about retirement, think about income. Will there be enough to cover food, utilities, and the basics of daily life? That question is important. But there is a second question that sits right behind it, quieter and far more expensive, and most people do not ask it until it is already upon them. What happens when you get sick?
Healthcare in retirement is not an occasional inconvenience. For most Sri Lankans, it becomes one of the largest and most unpredictable expenses of the post-work years. It arrives gradually at first, and then all at once. A routine check-up becomes a specialist referral. A specialist referral leads to investigations. Investigations lead to a diagnosis. A diagnosis leads to medication that never stops. And running alongside all of it, quietly compounding, is an inflation rate for healthcare that outpaces most other costs a retiree faces.
This is the retirement expense that most financial plans either underestimate or ignore entirely. It is a gap that Ceylinco Life, Sri Lanka’s life insurance market leader for 22 consecutive years, has observed widen steadily across the communities it serves and the thousands of policyholders whose retirement journeys it has accompanied over three decades.
“Healthcare is the cost that most people acknowledge in the abstract but do not plan for in practice. We have seen, over many years and across many thousands of policyholders, that the single biggest financial shock in retirement is rarely a collapse in savings. It is an illness, or a prolonged condition, that was never budgeted for. Sri Lanka’s public health system has served this country well, but it was not built for an ageing population managing multiple chronic conditions over decades. The responsibility to bridge that gap sits with each individual, and the earlier that planning begins, the more manageable that gap becomes,” says Dhiranjan Canagasabey, Senior Assistant General Manager/Head of Marketing, Ceylinco Life.
A country that is ageing faster than its health system is preparing for
Sri Lanka is in the middle of a demographic shift that has no historical precedent in this country. By 2042, one in four Sri Lankans will be above the age of 60. Life expectancy, according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2024, now stands at approximately 77.67 years nationally. That means the average retiree is looking at roughly 17 years of post-work life, with health needs that become more intensive, and more expensive, with every passing year.
Non-communicable diseases are at the centre of that picture. According to research published in 2025 in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, NCD deaths in Sri Lanka have risen substantially over two decades, with total deaths due to diabetes alone rising by 169% between 2004 and 2020. Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and cancer all carry long-term treatment costs that can run for years or decades before they become fatal. These are not short-term medical events. They are sustained financial obligations.
Sri Lanka allocates approximately 4.4% of GDP to total health expenditure, well below the global average of 6.74%, according to World Bank data updated in December 2025. Government public health spending accounts for only around 8 to 9% of general government expenditure. The gap between what the public system offers and what the ageing population will need is already visible. It is going to widen considerably.
What free healthcare actually means for a retiree
Sri Lanka has long been proud of its free public healthcare system, and rightly so. It has delivered health outcomes well above what the country’s income level would typically produce. But pride in the system should not obscure what it cannot do, and increasingly, what it is struggling to do consistently.
According to the Institute of Policy Studies, access to primary healthcare fell from 95% of the population in 2019 to 82% in 2022 and 2023, with rural areas bearing the steepest decline. Household healthcare costs, in the same period, rose by 48% in a single year between 2020 and 2021. Medicine shortages, long queues, and limited specialist services in provincial hospitals are not new complaints. But for an elderly person managing a chronic condition, they translate directly into out-of-pocket spending that was never planned for.
On average, more than 60% of Sri Lankan households already incur private healthcare costs, according to a study published in the journal Health Policy. For households that include elderly members with chronic conditions, that proportion is higher, and the burden is heavier. The combination of a free system under strain and rising private costs is not a future risk. It is already the daily reality for many retirees.
The quiet toll of chronic illness
A 65-year-old managing type 2 diabetes, which is increasingly common in Sri Lanka, does not face a single large medical expense. They face a continuous one. Monthly medication. Quarterly blood tests. Periodic specialist consultations at a private facility, because the waiting list at the government hospital is too long or the specialist they need is unavailable locally. Annual check-ups. Occasional hospitalisation when blood sugar levels become difficult to control. Each item is manageable on its own. Together, across a fifteen-year retirement, they represent a substantial sum.
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