Features
Can SL benefit from a recession?
by Kumar David
It is perverse to extract benefits for ourselves from the misery of others – the advanced (rich) economies; but actually, the suggestions I make in today’s column do no harm to anyone. They are passive benefits. The first question though is, will there be a global recession? The World Bank in a recent (15 Sept) press release entitled “Risk of Global Recession in 2023 Rises Amid Simultaneous Rate Hikes” says: “As central banks across the world simultaneously hike interest rates in response to inflation, the world is edging toward a global recession in 2023 and a string of financial crises in emerging and developing economies that will do lasting harm. Central banks are raising interest rates with a synchronicity not seen for five decades—a trend that will continue next year. But this and other policy actions are insufficient to bring global inflation down. Investors expect 4% interest rate increases; 2% over 2021. Unless supply disruptions and labour-market pressures subside, this leaves global core inflation (excluding energy) at 5% in 2023— double the five-year average before the pandemic. To cut global inflation to a rate consistent with their targets, central banks need to raise interest rates by an additional 2%. If this is accompanied by financial-market stress, global GDP growth will slow to 0.5% in 2023 — a 0.4% contraction per capita which meets the technical definition of a global recession.
“Global growth is slowing sharply, with further slowing likely as more countries fall into recession. These trends will persist, with long-lasting consequences that are devastating for developing economies. To achieve low inflation, currency stability and faster growth, policymakers should shift their focus from reducing consumption to boosting production. Policies should generate more investment, improve productivity and raise capital allocation, which are all critical for growth and poverty reduction.
“The United States, China, and the Euro Area have been slowing sharply. Even a moderate hit could tip the global economy into recession. Experience of the 1970s, responses to the 1975 recession, subsequent stagflation, and the global recession of 1982 illustrate the risk of allowing inflation to remain elevated. Fiscal authorities need to calibrate the withdrawal of fiscal support measures while ensuring consistency with monetary-policy, but policymakers should put in place medium-term fiscal plans to provide targeted relief to vulnerable households”.
These extracts from the World Bank (WB) press-release are heavily abbreviated. Many other studies and reports too suggest that a recession is likely in 2023-24. Since I cannot quote a large number, I have limited myself to this WB source that carries credibility. For the purposes of this essay take it that interest rates and inflation will remain high, stock markets depressed, bond yields high and growth retarded for say five years. After that? Hard to say; the options are many.
What I have said so far is not new to those who track economic trends. It is background data for today’s column. A significant point however is that the strategy that is being adopted across the rich world to handle the problems that it creates are contradictory; it is a Janus-Faced strategy of loose fiscal policy side by side with tight monetary policy. A mutually contradictory problematic but unavoidable in the present global political, financial-economic, strategic and paradoxical energy related circumstances. Let me elaborate in a few words.
It’s easiest to use the US as a focal point. The Biden Administration finds it a matter of existential necessity to take stand against extremism (a lurch to racism, “election deniers”, reinvigorated Trumpism, electoral gerrymandering, a fundamentalist abortion surge in Republican controlled states and feminist outrage elsewhere, and a primitivist majority in the Supreme Court). Biden is seeking to survive by enhancing feel-good among the population. So the Administration is pumping money into pockets; fiscal stimulation a $1.9 trillion “American Rescue Plan” () and $370 billion “The Inflation Reduction Act” including tax credits and rebates for energy-efficient appliances, plug-in vehicles and renewable electricity. (Another part of this measure for Climate Change initiatives is bogged down for now by reactionary Democrats in Congress).
These Biden initiatives are inflationary and blatant fiscal stimulus. Fiscal stimulus is starkly in conflict with the tight monetary policy (high interest rates) that the FED is bent on in its attempt to bring US inflation down from a feared 8% to nearer the target rate of 2% per annum. The US dollar is rising across the world because of high FED rates and for other reasons such as the Ukraine war and political uncertainties, e.g. victory of neo-fascists in the Italian elections and strengthening of the far-right in France, Poland Hungary, Denmark and elsewhere in Europe. Both the FED’s actions and the said political factors should motivate tighter financial discipline. Instead we observe a crucial conflict between the fiscal and the monetary, further aggravated by West Germany’s imperative to pour money into consumer pockets to cope with energy bills during winter 2022 and 2023. Other EU countries will have to follow suit.
I have expended a few paragraphs on the trends circumscribing the global economy as it is essential background. The recent fashion in the writings of Lanka’s old left, broad left, Maoist and Fidel-loyalist left is to pour scorn on Ranil’s inadequacies which are legion. But Ranil is small change; what is needed is to understand the processes maturing in the innards of global capitalism and flesh it with analytical and empirical content. For example, the likelihood or otherwise of a decade of global capitalist durability, or alternatively, recession, deep-depression or depression. My few paragraphs are intended to alert readers to important issues in fiscal, monetary, financial and equity markets. (I have not even touched on one important issue, Lanka’s indebtedness to international capital markets). It is inattention to empirical data and detail among leftists that is undesirable. If empirical detail is disregarded and objectivity lost, all is lost. I will come back to these concerns again and again in future columns.
What is directly relevant to my topic today is how Sri Lanka can find spaces, crevices and loop-holes that it can to exploit to its benefit in midst of these stresses force upon the rich world. Since there will be money in the pockets of rich country middle, upper class and older consumers (a few hundred billion dollars) an obvious beneficiary can be our tourism sector. Ecotourism, cultural tourism and climate change related tourists are the sectors to watch for. The downside of reckless tourism – drugs and harmful sex tourism -are dangers to be alert to. We are familiar with employment generated remittances but SL expatriates too are (were) keen to inject funds into families to upgrade homes and open small businesses. A rush was visible in Jaffna soon after 2009 but choked on unbridled political corruption and rampant government racism.
These earnings have to be supplemented with a drive to expand the use of English in education. One has to be careful to encourage only UK English, not the American dialect to avoid snarl ups and to exploit the benefits of Lanka’s membership of the Commonwealth, one of the largest, and a still expanding association of nations. Other options such as permitting small property purchases by non-citizen individuals and non-resident expatriate families has also got to be examined.
Let me now comment on the big-capital picture. The world is awash with excess capital and now is a crucial opportunity to exploit access to large investment. It would be wise to channel investment into avenues that will be amenable to compliance with the role of the state in long term economic directions. This is tricky and a separate topic best left to another day. The point is that rising interest rates in the rich countries encourages money to move out of stocks, and there is some reluctance in the rich-world to invest in sovereign bonds and private equity, so there is a pool of big capital searching for investment openings overseas. To attract some of this as FDI requires tinkering with the exchange control mechanism and the exchange rate. Both the SL Central Bank and the government are well aware of the opportunities and perils; I mention it here only to slake the curiosity of my laymen readers. Everybody, government and CBSL are very cagey about flexibility in the exchange rate or reducing foreign currency restrictions!
Turning to the corruption theme, to attract large manufacturing investors and moderate sized investment in commercial farming (orchards for example) the biggest single disincentive is state protected corruption. Now allow me a politically incorrect remark: Retroactive capital punishment for the biggest crooks, the billion-dollar types, will be salutary. But sigh! It will never happen; who will touch the Rajapaksas or rogue Ministers and MPs? A minimum that can be done is to cultivate Lee Kwan Yew type morality in the public service – ruthless punishment of corrupt officials – and to install a Hong Kong style Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) which in its best days prosecuted and imprisoned a Chief Executive the moment he stepped out of office and lost immunity.
One last point before I sign off is a briefing in the Economist of October 15 entitled ‘Mothering Invention’ about the role of the state in directing long-term economic policy. Dirigisme is a doctrine where the state plays a key policy role in setting long term economic policy. It is canvassed by the left internationally and in Sri Lanka. This Economist article provides considerable insight.
For access to the quoted World Bank text, Google (verb): “Will there be global economic crisis?” And click on the ‘Risk of Global Recession’ site that appears]. The compete
Features
Sections of US media looking power straight in the eye
Some fundamental freedoms seen to be at the heart of democracy in the US – religion, speech, the press, assembly and the right to petition the government – are at risk of being undermined at present by the country’s Executive President. However, the latter is being legally challenged on this score by some sections of the US media and the citizenry of the country could take heart from this notable defense of media freedom.
In fact this is good news for the world of democracy. The push back is coming from organizations such as CNN, ABC, CBS, Fox, NBC who constitute the nucleus as it were of the US media and their solidarity no less than their resourcefulness calls for commendation.
Following a recent White House decision to suspend CNN from what was referred to as ‘participation in presidential pool coverages’, the other media organizations mentioned refused to replace it in the pool. Their position was that the public had a right to receive ‘accurate and independent information about the government.’
Earlier, the White House decided to bar MS NOW and Politico from entering its premises following the restrictions imposed on CNN. The organizations were accused of publishing “FAKE NEWS’ , ‘Fiction’ and ‘lies’ in respect of the administration. These organizations lost no time in initiating a federal lawsuit accusing the central administration of violating their rights guaranteed by the First Amendment.
However, the latter litigating organizations could now consider themselves as having been vindicated because the federal court hearing their case has ordered the Trump administration to temporarily restore White House press access to journalists from the mentioned media institutions. Notably, the court has declared that the ban is ‘likely unconstitutional’. The case is proceeding.
The mass media of the most vibrant democracies of the West ought to be no strangers to such inspirational acts of solidarity and exemplifications of independence but there are lessons here for the democracies of the South that could stand them in good stead. Minus the right of a people to be informed, the rest of fundamental rights featuring in Southern Bills of Rights and legislation of the kind are bereft of substance and meaning.
It is informed decision-making on the part of a citizenry that makes for democratic vibrancy and on this score many a Southern democracy fails. While Southern publics generally demand of their governments continuous economic well being and substantive material benefits they are not equally desirous of being informed and knowledgeable.
This lacuna in the consciousness of many Southern publics enables their governments ‘to get off the hook’, so to speak and govern, or more often misgovern, their countries with impunity. Among other factors, this species of mass ignorance makes it possible for governments to dismantle democracy and rule in perpetuity.
Accordingly, an educated and constantly informed public is an essential precondition for the flourishing of democracy and independent media are integral to this process. Minus an independent mass media sector that meets the knowledge needs of the people responsibly, democracy is as good as dead.
Needless to say, those sections of the US media that are currently taking the Trump administration to task over its media curbs are acutely aware of the cruciality of these fundamental knowledge requirements.
The hope of democratic opinion worldwide and locally is likely to be that media independence would thrive in the manner in which it is flourishing in the most vibrant and accountable democracies of the West.
Southern countries such as Sri Lanka that lay claim to democratic credentials, but are democracy-deficient in many ways, need to be particularly cognizant of these requirements. The publics of these countries need to go the extra mile to ensure the thriving of an independent but responsible mass media sector.
In fact it is veritably a matter of life and death. It is only an independent media sector that could, while ensuring the existence of an informed public, impress on the latter the need to protect and perpetuate its fundamental rights. In the absence of these campaigns, such publics could be eventually having on their hands governments that boast of ruling in perpetuity.
Taking a leaf from the sections of the US media referred to independent media organizations in Southern states need to act in solidarity as well. They would need to act on the basis of the principle that acts of victimization suffered by members in their fold at the hands of governments, for instance, are in fact inimical acts directed at their collectivity and which call for united remedial action. In short, no independent mass media institution could see itself as ‘an island’.
Besides some general guidance on the importance of media independence and solidarity, the message coming from the US with regard to media praxis is that power must be stood-up to unblinkingly. The mentioned sections of the US media are primarily in a struggle to ward off encroachments on their independence in the areas of policy and practice by the political executive, that is the President.
The latter would ride rough-shod over the media in the absence of robust opposition by the media itself to inimical executive action of this kind.
While media independence needs to be seen as crucial to democratic development, an obligation is cast on the media to ensure that it uses such independence responsibly and constructively.
The worst that could afflict a media sector is for it to fall prey to the clichetic ‘freedom of the wild ass’. In fact recurring irresponsibility on the part of the media could lend credence to the perception that a tightly regulated media is best for a country. It is a short step from this misguided view to the position that political authoritarianism is best for a state. That turn of events would be of course catastrophic for a democracy.
The issues discussed thus far point to the need for a broad discourse among Southern democracies in particular on what is best for them in this connection. Given the risks underscored earlier for Southern countries in particular a broad discussion on the matters at hand, which includes the public, emerges as a must for Sri Lanka. Besides, media solidarity within democratic countries and internationally is a must.
Features
What lessons can be learned to improve quality of Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus
by Prof. M. W. Amarasiri de Silva
Following public controversy over an inappropriate web link found in an English study module, the Sri Lankan government formally deferred the full rollout of the Grade 6 curriculum reforms to January 2027. In the interim, state schools will maintain the existing syllabus, reverting to standard eight-period daily timetables and previous textbooks to ensure uninterrupted instruction. Prime Minister and Minister of Education Dr. Harini Amarasuriya emphasized that this temporary pause allows the Education Ministry to thoroughly review all instructional materials, fix editorial flaws, and conduct scientific impact assessments across pilot schools prior to nation-wide implementation.
To address the oversight, an expert committee evaluated the flawed materials, completed necessary amendments, and finalised discussions to resubmit corrected modules for printing. Beyond revising written texts, the Ministry established a broader preparation roadmap—allocating funds for extensive teacher training programs set to begin mid-year, alongside scheduled informational briefings for parents, teachers, and students. Prime Minister Amarasuriya reaffirmed that none of the valid first-term modules were completely discarded or scrapped, preserving state resources while systematically rebuilding public trust and strengthening quality assurance protocols.
In this respect, this article reviews the current grade 6 syllabus comparing it with similar syllabi of India and the USA, with a view to make recommendations for the upcoming grade 6 syllabus revision.
Architecture of nation’s future
Education is the quiet architecture of a nation’s future. It is the unseen scaffolding upon which generations build their character, their intellect, and their capacity to contribute meaningfully to society. In Sri Lanka, the Grade 6 syllabus occupies a particularly important place in this architecture. It is the bridge between primary learning and the more demanding intellectual terrain of secondary education. It is the moment when children begin to move from learning basic facts to understanding concepts, from memorising information to applying knowledge, and from passive reception to active engagement. Yet, despite its importance, the Grade 6 curriculum in Sri Lanka has long struggled with issues of breadth, depth, relevance, and pedagogy. As global education systems evolve, Sri Lanka must examine what lessons can be learned from international models—particularly India and the United States—to strengthen its own curriculum and prepare students for a rapidly changing world.
The first lesson Sri Lanka can learn is the value of conceptual clarity. India’s NCERT curriculum, especially in Mathematics and Science, is globally respected for its logical progression and conceptual depth. Indian students are introduced early to the idea that mathematics is not merely a set of procedures but a language of reasoning. They learn why a ratio works, not just how to compute one. They understand the structure of an equation, not merely the steps to solve it. In Science, they explore the properties of materials, the structure of plants, and the principles of motion with a clarity that encourages curiosity rather than rote memorisation.
Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus, while competency-based, often leans heavily toward content coverage. Students are expected to learn many topics, but the time allocated for each is limited, and the teaching culture often emphasizes memorisation over understanding. If Sri Lanka wishes to improve the quality of its syllabus, it must embrace the idea that fewer topics taught well are better than many topics taught superficially. Conceptual mastery builds confidence, and confidence builds lifelong learners.
Lesson from the US
A second lesson comes from the United States, where the curriculum is built around skills rather than content. American students in Grade 6 are expected to read complex texts, analyse arguments, write essays supported by evidence, conduct experiments, and engage in collaborative projects. The emphasis is not on how much they know but on what they can do with what they know. This skills-based approach encourages critical thinking, creativity, and independence—qualities essential for success in the modern world.
Sri Lanka’s syllabus, by contrast, often rewards students for reproducing information rather than interpreting it. The exam culture reinforces this tendency, as students are assessed primarily through written tests that measure recall. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must integrate more opportunities for students to think, question, debate, and create. The classroom should become a space where students learn to solve problems, not just memorize solutions.
Another important lesson comes from the breadth of Sri Lanka’s own curriculum. One of the strengths of the Sri Lankan system is its inclusion of cultural and religious education. Subjects such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity provide moral grounding and cultural identity. Art, Music, Drama, and Health contribute to holistic development. These subjects remind students that education is not merely about academic achievement but about becoming a balanced human being. However, breadth without depth can become burdensome. Grade 6 students in Sri Lanka often juggle more than ten subjects, each with its own textbook, competencies, and assessments. This creates pressure not only for students but also for teachers, who must rush through content to meet syllabus requirements. The lesson here is not to reduce cultural subjects but to integrate them more meaningfully. Religious education can be taught through ethical discussions, community projects, and reflective writing. Art and Music can be connected to history, literature, and social studies. Health can be linked to science and physical education. Integration reduces overload while enriching learning.
Another lesson from India
India offers another valuable lesson in the form of standardised textbooks. NCERT books are used across the country, ensuring consistency in quality and content. They are written by subject experts, reviewed rigorously, and updated periodically. Sri Lanka’s textbooks, while generally well-structured, vary in quality and often lag behind modern pedagogical standards. Some are dense, text-heavy, and lacking in visual aids or real-world examples. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must invest in high-quality textbooks that are engaging, accessible, and aligned with contemporary educational research. Textbooks should not merely transmit information; they should inspire curiosity. They should include stories, diagrams, experiments, and activities that make learning enjoyable and meaningful.
The United States provides a lesson in inquiry-based science education. American students conduct experiments, build models, observe natural phenomena, and engage in engineering design challenges. They learn science not as a set of facts but as a process of discovery. Sri Lanka’s science curriculum includes experiments, but many schools lack the resources, laboratory facilities, or teacher training to implement them effectively. Improving the syllabus requires improving the ecosystem around it. Schools need laboratories, equipment, and teacher development programs that empower educators to teach science through inquiry. A syllabus is only as strong as the environment in which it is taught. ***
International models
Another area where Sri Lanka can learn from international models is language education. In India, students often learn three languages—English, Hindi, and Sanskrit or Urdu. This heavy language load has its challenges, but it also produces students with strong linguistic skills. In the United States, English Language Arts emphasises reading complex texts, writing arguments, and analysing literature. Sri Lanka’s English curriculum, while improving, still struggles with uneven implementation across schools. Many students reach secondary school without adequate proficiency in English, limiting their access to global knowledge. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must strengthen English instruction through better teacher training, more reading opportunities, and a shift from grammar-heavy teaching to communication-focused learning. At the same time, Sinhala and Tamil instruction should be modernised to include creative writing, literature appreciation, and critical reading.
Social Studies is another area ripe for improvement. Sri Lanka’s curriculum includes History, Geography, and Civics, but the teaching often emphasises memorization of dates, definitions, and facts. India’s Social Science curriculum, while also content-heavy, provides clearer conceptual frameworks. The United States, however, excels in teaching civics and citizenship. American students learn how governments function, how laws are made, how communities solve problems, and how citizens participate in democracy. Sri Lanka can strengthen its Civics curriculum by incorporating more discussions on governance, rights, responsibilities, and community engagement. Students should learn not only the structure of government but also the values that sustain it—justice, equality, and participation.
One of the most important lessons Sri Lanka can learn is the value of reducing exam pressure. In both India and Sri Lanka, exams dominate the educational landscape. Students are judged primarily by their ability to perform on written tests. The United States, while not free from assessment challenges, uses a wider range of evaluation methods—projects, presentations, portfolios, and continuous assessment. These methods allow students to demonstrate learning in diverse ways. Sri Lanka should consider adopting a more balanced assessment system that values creativity, collaboration, and practical skills alongside academic knowledge.
Technology integration is another area where Sri Lanka can improve. The United States incorporates digital literacy, coding, online research, and digital citizenship into the curriculum. Sri Lanka’s ICT syllabus is well-structured, but implementation varies widely. Many schools lack computers, internet access, or trained ICT teachers. Improving the syllabus requires improving infrastructure. Students must learn to navigate the digital world safely and effectively. They must learn coding not as a luxury but as a basic skill. They must learn to evaluate online information critically, a skill essential in an era of misinformation.
Teacher training
Teacher training is perhaps the most critical lesson of all. A syllabus is only as effective as the teachers who deliver it. India invests heavily in teacher training through national programs, workshops, and online platforms. The United States emphasises professional development, peer collaboration, and instructional coaching. Sri Lanka must strengthen its teacher training programmes, ensuring that educators understand not only what to teach but how to teach it. Teachers should be trained in inquiry-based learning, differentiated instruction, formative assessment, and classroom management. They should be empowered to adapt the syllabus to the needs of their students rather than follow it mechanically.
Sri Lanka must learn the lesson of relevance. A syllabus must prepare students not only for exams but for life. It must teach them how to think, how to communicate, how to solve problems, and how to work with others. It must prepare them for a world where knowledge is abundant, but wisdom is scarce. It must help them navigate a future shaped by technology, globalisation, environmental challenges, and social change. To improve the syllabus, Sri Lanka must ask: What kind of citizens do we want to produce? What kind of thinkers? What kind of leaders? The answers to these questions should shape the curriculum.
Lastly, improving the quality of Sri Lanka’s Grade 6 syllabus requires learning from both international models and local strengths. From India, Sri Lanka can learn the value of conceptual clarity and standardised textbooks. From the United States, it can learn the importance of skills, inquiry, and creativity. From its own traditions, it can preserve cultural education, moral development, and holistic learning. The goal is not to copy another country’s system but to build a uniquely Sri Lankan curriculum that is modern, relevant, and empowering. A curriculum that honours the past while preparing students for the future. A curriculum that nurtures thinkers, creators, and compassionate citizens. A curriculum worthy of a nation with immense potential and a proud educational heritage. If Sri Lanka embraces these lessons, the Grade 6 syllabus can become not just a bridge to secondary education but a foundation for national progress.
Features
Three magical nights at Colombo Fashion Week
Melloney Dassanayaka is certainly a familiar name here, and abroad, as well, having represented Sri Lanka at the Miss Universe 2024 pageant, held in Mexico.
A former National Basketball player, she is also involved in several projects, beneficial to the community, including financial literacy for single women-headed families in the country.
A banker by profession, Melloney hold a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration.

Melloney with Asanka de Mel of Lovi Sri Lanka
This extremely talented old girl of Holy Family Convent, Bambalapitiya, was in the limelight, once more, when she was seen on the ramp at Colombo Fashion Week.
It was her very first experience, at this prestigious event, and she loved every minute of it, she said, and, what’s more, she was featured on three consecutive days.
According to the itinerary, on day 01 she walked for Lovi Sri Lanka; day 02 Rizwan Beyg (Pakistan designer), Arsath Furkhan (Indian designer), Haoyi Yan (Chinese designer) and Samant Chauhan (Indian designer); and on day 03 Vaishali Shandangule (Indian designer).
In today’s edition of The Island SceneAround, we spotlight Melloney, on the ramp, at Colombo Fashion Week.
Melloney will also participate at Miss Grand All Stars to be held later in the year, in Thailand, as Miss Universe Sri Lanka 2024.
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