Business
Advocata Institute releases comprehensive report on the tea industry of Sri Lanka
Advocata Institute released its latest report titled “Market Competitiveness of the Tea Industry of Sri Lanka” on Thursday, December 28, 2023. The report is authored by Sudaraka Ariyaratne, Research Consultant at Advocata Institute.
The report begins with an introductory chapter that details the historical evolution of the island’s tea industry. The report finds that the present standing of the industry in the context of the international market is not too grim, but argues that issues related to the labour market, capital investment, value addition, and quality control limit the industry’s competitiveness in the global stage. The rest of the report takes the form of four discussion papers, each on the four areas of concern listed above, that present an economic theory-based lens to approach these issues, and discuss potential solutions.
The attendance-based minimum wage model is partly responsible for the high costs of production of Sri Lanka’s RPCs, and their low productivity, helping make Ceylon tea uncompetitive in the international market. In contrast, the smallholder sector, with its market-based wage model, stands out as a more efficient counterpart. Despite being billed as a guarantor of a living wage, the minimum wage model imposes a ceiling on the earnings of estate workers, and also helps preserve the traditional power structures of tea plantations, in which estate workers sit at the bottom. Discussion Paper 1 establishes an economic framework to analyse the minimum wage model, and explores the strategies that RPCs could pursue, with the help of policymakers and other stakeholders of interest, to enhance the industry’s competitiveness under the minimum wage model. The paper also evaluates alternative wage models proposed by stakeholders, that take a more market-based approach to employment within the industry.
Long-term capital investments, such as replanting and infilling, are an essential element of sustained land productivity in the tea industry of Sri Lanka; however, neither RPCs, nor smallholders, seem incentivised to undertake investments of this form. Discussion Paper 2 establishes an economic framework, based on the Growth Diagnostic Framework by Hausmann, Rodrik, and Velasco (2005), to discern the causes of low levels of long-term capital investments in Sri Lanka’s tea estates. The paper finds that to varying degrees, the low rate of returns, uncertainties about the appropriability of returns, and low savings prevent RPCs and smallholders from embarking on long-term capital investments into tea lands. The paper explores the different routes the industry may take, with the help of policymakers and other relevant parties, to overcome these binding constraints to long-term investments, to facilitate the long-term sustenance of the industry.
Sri Lanka has the highest level of domestic value addition among black tea producing countries, but little is known about the economics of value addition. Discussion Paper 3 explores what it means to add value to made tea, what explains the present levels of value addition in the Sri Lankan tea industry, and how profits from value addition are distributed along the value chain. Additionally, the paper establishes an economic framework, based on Porter’s competitive advantage theory, to approach value addition from a strategic point of view, with the aim of optimising returns to the local industry. Based on this framework, the paper explores different strategies the industry may pursue, either in the mass market or in the specialty market, to increase the international competitiveness of Ceylon tea, and enhance the returns to the domestic stakeholders.
Quality is an important determinant of the premium that Ceylon tea fetches in the international market. In the absence of symmetric information between the buyers and sellers of Ceylon tea, high quality sellers receive lower prices than they deserve, which both drives them out of the market, and lowers the overall price and quality of Ceylon tea. Discussion Paper 4 establishes an economic framework, based on George Akerlof’s theory of adverse selection and the theoretical foundations of economics of trust, to understand how asymmetric information on quality negatively impacts the market for Ceylon tea. The paper also explores several strategies, both regulatory and incentive-based, that policymakers and industry stakeholders may pursue to eliminate asymmetric information from the market for Ceylon tea, in order to enhance the premiums that the industry receives.
The report is set to be presented to President Ranil Wickremesinghe, Ministers Mahinda Amaraweera and Jivan Thondaman, and relevant stakeholders of the tea industry in the coming days.
The report on Market Competitiveness of the Tea Industry of Sri Lanka can be accessed on www.advocata.org
Advocata is an independent policy think tank based in Colombo, Sri Lanka. We conduct research, provide commentary and hold events to promote sound policy ideas compatible with a free society in Sri Lanka. Visit advocata.org for more information.
Advocata spokespersons are available for live and pre-recorded broadcast interviews via 0740289818
Business
CEB urged to revise Draft Long Term Generation Expansion Plan, in view of renewable energy needs
By Ifham Nizam
The Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) has instructed the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) to revise its Draft Long-Term Generation Expansion Plan (LTGEP) 2025-2044, incorporating more robust projections for renewable energy and battery storage, while also reassessing LNG infrastructure and procurement strategies.
The Island Financial Review reliably learns PUCSL Director General Damitha Kumarasinghe emphasized the need for “more robust and realistic cost assumptions for Renewable Technologies and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS).”
The Commission stressed that BESS should be valued not just as a renewable integration tool but also for its potential to mitigate power shortages.
The directive also calls for revisions in LNG infrastructure planning, including “a comprehensive analysis covering LNG fuel cost calculation, infrastructure development, procurement contracting options, and risks associated with supply and procurement.” PUCSL has specifically highlighted the importance of evaluating the financial and economic feasibility of a natural gas pipeline from Kerawalapitiya to Kelanitissa.
Kanchana Siriwardena, Deputy Director General – Industry Services, reinforced the Commission’s stance on renewable energy, stating that “further reductions in renewable energy curtailment should be explored by incorporating more BESS.”
The PUCSL’s instructions also mandate incorporating clauses from the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Petronet India, which includes a temporary LNG supply for the Sobadhanavi Plant. The revised LTGEP must also factor in infrastructure costs related to the Floating Storage Regasification Unit (FSRU) and pipeline networks as part of the overall LNG cost calculation.
The CEB is expected to resubmit the revised plan for PUCSL’s approval, ensuring alignment with Sri Lanka’s long-term energy security and sustainability goals.
The PUCSL directive also calls for a comprehensive evaluation of various LNG procurement options and associated risks. These include:
LNG infrastructure development and expansion
Contracting options for LNG procurement
Risks related to LNG supply and procurement stability
Robustness of natural gas demand calculations
Economic feasibility of the proposed natural gas pipeline from Kerawalapitiya to Kelanitissa, given the low plant factors of power stations at Kelanitissa.
Nations Trust Bank PLC reported strong financial results for the twelve months ending 31st December 2024, achieving a Profit After Tax (PAT) of LKR 17 Bn, up 46% YoY.
Nations Trust Bank, Director & Chief Executive Officer, Hemantha Gunetilleke, stated, “The Bank’s performance for the twelve months ending 31st December 2024 showcases our continued growth and expansion across diverse customer segments. Our solid capital position, strong liquidity buffers, effective risk management frameworks, and steadfast commitment to service excellence and digital empowerment remain the key drivers of our success.”
Improvements in the macro-economic environment and successful management of the Bank’s credit portfolio resulted in total impairment charges decreasing by 69% and the Net Stage 3 ratio reducing to 1.6%.
The Bank’s financial performance is supported by its strong capital buffers, with Tier I Capital at 21.47% and a Total Capital Adequacy Ratio of 22.66%, well above the regulatory requirements of 8.5% and 12.5%, respectively.
A strong liquidity buffer was maintained with a Liquidity Coverage Ratio of 320.56% against the regulatory requirement of 100%.
The Bank reported a Return on Equity (ROE) of 24.22%, while its Earnings Per Share for the twelve months ending 31st December 2024 increased to LKR 50.82, against LKR 34.70 recorded during the same period last year.
Nations Trust Bank PLC serves a diverse range of customers across Consumer, Commercial and Corporate segments through multi-channel customer touch points spanning both physical and digital. The Bank is focused on digital empowerment through cutting-edge digital banking technologies, and pioneered FriMi, Sri Lanka’s leading digital banking experience. Nations Trust Bank PLC is an issuer and sole acquirer of American Express Cards in Sri Lanka with market leadership in the premium segments.
Business
Modern Challenges and Opportunities for the Apparel Industry: JAAF drives industry dialogue
The Joint Apparel Association Forum (JAAF), in collaboration with Monash Business School and the Postgraduate Institute of Management (PIM) successfully hosted the International Conference on the Apparel Industry 2025 recently in Colombo. This was the second time the event was held, following its inaugural edition in 2018, as part of JAAF’s commitment to fostering dialogue and collaboration within the global apparel sector.
Themed “Modern Challenges and Opportunities for the Apparel Industry”, the three-day event brought together industry leaders, academics, and sustainability experts to discuss pressing issues such as ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) compliance, circular economy strategies, technological advancements, and workforce transformation.
A key highlight of the event was the panel discussion on “Current Actions and Their Impact on ESG-Related Outcomes in the Apparel Industry,” featuring:
Felix A. Fernando – CEO, Omega Line Ltd.
Nemanthie Kooragamage – Director Group Sustainable Business, MAS Holdings
Gayan Ranasinghe – Control Union,
Chamindry Saparamadu – Director General/CEO, Sustainable Development Council
Pyumi Sumanasekara – Principal Partner, KPMG Sri Lanka
Discussions emphasized how Sri Lanka’s apparel industry is adapting to global ESG standards, incorporating sustainable production methods, and aligning with evolving regulatory frameworks.
It is our collective responsibility to build a nation grounded in unity and strength – President
Fairly heavy showers above 75mm can be expected at some places in Eastern and Uva provinces and in Matale, Nuwara-Eliya, Polonnaruwa, Galle, Matara, Kalutara and Rathnapura districts.
USD 900,000 paid monthly for three unused SriLankan aircraft– Dy. Finance Minister
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