Midweek Review
Corruption saga continues
By Shamindra Ferdinando
The Sri Lanka Institute of Directors (SLID) and Transparency International Sri Lanka (TISL) recently declared corruption as the root cause of Sri Lanka’s current political and economic crisis. The declaration was made in a statement titled, “SLID and TISL launch ‘Business Against Corruption’ Initiative” issued to the media after the two organisations finalised an agreement on a three-year plan to address the issues at hand.
The statement described the contract as strategic collaboration between the two NGOs. Veteran banker Faizal Salieh and Attorney-at-Law Nadishani Perera signed the agreement for SLID and TISL, respectively.
TISL was launched in late 2002 whereas SLID came into being in April 2000. The assertion that corruption bankrupted the country underscored the failure on the part of successive governments (parliaments), the Finance Ministry, Monetary Board, CIABOC, Attorney General’s Department and the Auditor General’s Department, as well as apparent well-meaning bodies, like SLID and TISL. The way the political party system hindered and diluted the National Audit Bill and the Parliament moved court against the releasing of MPs’ asset declarations indicate the challenges faced in reforming the system.
No less a person than the Governor of the Central Bank Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe, in May this year, acknowledged Sri Lanka’s shameful status. Dr. Weerasinghe, who retired as Senior Deputy Governor, CBSL in January 2021, was requested to take over the CBSL in April this year in the wake of Ajith Nivard Cabraal’s resignation amidst an unprecedented deterioration of the country’s financial situation.
Nadishani Perera succeeded as TISL’s Executive Director from Asoka Obeysekera in January 2021. Salieh was unanimously elected as the Chairman, SLID for the year 2021/22 at a virtual AGM held on Aug. 11, 2021. It would be pertinent to mention that the then State Minister of Finance, Capital Markets and State Enterprise Reforms Cabraal was the Chief Guest at this meet held a month before Central Bank Governor Prof. W.D. Lakshman was unceremoniously asked to step down to pave the way for the State Minister to return to the Governor’s Office.
Cabraal previously served as the 12th Governor of CBSL from July 2006 to January 2015 and returned. His second stint as the 16th Governor, CBSL lasted just eight months. As the 16h Governor he was elevated to the Cabinet rank. As a result, the Governor’s rank in the Table of Precedence has gone up from 20th to fifth place. The Governor is now ranked below the President, Prime Minister, Speaker and the Chief Justice.
In joint fifth place, the Table of Precedence comprises the Leader of the Opposition, Cabinet of Ministers and the Field Marshal.
When Cabraal succeeded Prof. Lakshman the government was in serious difficulty. Having ignored the IMF’s advice in early 2020 to restructure the debt and drop plans to do away with a range of taxes, the then President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s government caused immense damage to the national economy. But the economic fallout cannot be entirely blamed on corruption since the country had to fend off the worldwide pandemic and the 2019 Easter Sunday terror attacks by Islamic extremists, both of which crippled the country’s vibrant and vital tourism industry and worker remittances, coupled with the fallout from the war in Ukraine.
Nadishani Perera declared their primary objective was to eradicate corruption supported by the private sector. She said so in response to a query from us. They’ll be seeking required funding from the ADB, World Bank and other institutions such as the Centre for International Private Enterprise (CIPE).
A toxic combination of waste, corruption, irregularities, mismanagement and ill-advised decisions contributed to the worst-ever crisis post-independence Sri Lanka experienced. Both public and private sectors should accept responsibility for the crisis. Shocking disclosures made by the Auditor General and at proceedings of the Committee of Public Enterprises (COPE), Committee of Public Accounts (COPA) and Committee of Public Finance (COPF) over the years repeatedly proved culpability of Parliament for the financial crisis.
The SLID-TISL project is meant to enhance transparency, accountability and integrity by encouraging ethical business practices, fair market competition, fair pricing and credible leadership.
The joint statement quoted Salieh as having said: “We are mindful of the current state of affairs, the ground realities, and the challenges faced by companies in doing business. Therefore, our approach on this journey is pragmatic and practical and will enable businesses to proactively and progressively mitigate the corruption risk using preventive measures, checks and balances on a voluntary, ‘best efforts’ basis.”
Nadishani Perera was quoted as having said: “Businesses play a critical role in any nation’s efforts against corruption. At this unique and transformative moment in Sri Lanka’s history, as the citizens have risen against corruption, it is of utmost importance that the business community also commits to do its part towards this mission.”
Bond scams
In spite of high-profile projects reportedly meant to restore public confidence in public and private sectors, the situation continues to deteriorate. That is the undeniable truth. In late Nov 2016, the USAID in partnership with Sri Lanka Parliament launched USD 13 mn (Rs 1.92 bn) project to strengthen accountability, transparency and good governance.
Parliament owed the public an explanation as regards the success or utter failure of the three-year project. Did it achieve its objectives? Perhaps, the then Speaker Karu Jayasuriya, in his new capacity as the Chairman of the National Movement for Social Justice (NMSJ) will care to explain the outcome of the USAID project. The USD 13 mn project should be examined against the backdrop of the Treasury bond scams perpetrated in Feb 2015 and March 2016 under then yahapalana (good governance) rule. Then Speaker Jayasuriya and the US obviously didn’t care that the yahapalana government delayed investigations into the Treasury bond scams and actually nothing really was done about it until then President Maithripala Sirisena appointed a presidential Commission of Inquiry (CoI) that included two sitting Supreme Court judges in late January 2017 to carry out a public probe.
Probably, Sirisena, now an SLPP MP (Polonnaruwa district) must have quite conveniently forgotten how he dissolved Parliament at midnight on June 26, 2015 to prevent the then COPE Chairman D.E.W. Gunasekera from tabling in Parliament his report on the first Treasury bond scam. At the behest of the UNP leadership, the then lawmaker Attorney-at-Law Sujeewa Senasinghe moved court to thwart the releasing of the COPE report. Senasinghe, an Attorney-at-Law even had the audacity to write a book denying the scam.
Regardless of Perpetual Treasuries Limited (PTL) being under the spotlight over the Treasury Bond scams, the Bar Association of Sri Lanka (BASL) had no qualms in receiving sponsorship amounting to Rs 2.5 mn in support from the tainted firm for its project, Law Asia 2016. The Colombo Port City and the USAID had been among the BASL’s sponsors for its other events.
Eight years after the first Treasury Bond scam, what is the current status of the investigations and Sri Lanka’s efforts to convince Singapore to extradite Arjuna Mahendran, under whose watchful eyes as the Governor, CBSL the Treasury Bond scams took place? Can the Attorney General and the Justice Ministry explain measures taken by them since the change of government in July to have Mahendran extradited? Against the backdrop of assurances given by the Justice Minister Dr. Wijeyadasa Rajapakse, PC, that a Bill to combat fraud and corruption would be enacted soon, the public have a right to know how the new government intended to handle Treasury Bonds scams probe/prosecutions.
Singapore-based Mahendran challenged The Island editorial (‘Cops and Robbers’) of Friday August 19, 2022. Denying he fled the country, the Singaporean revealed that his Counsel Romesh de Silva, PC secured the permission of Supreme Court justice K.T. Chitrasiri for him to leave the country. Justice Chitrasiri headed the CoI. The issue at hand is whether Mahendran through his learned Counsel gave an assurance to Justice Chitrasiri that he would return to the country in case the Attorney General initiated legal action over the Treasury Bond scams. Perhaps, Mahendran’s Counsel should set the record straight.
The question is when President’s Counsel Romesh de Silva made the request on behalf of Mahendran and secured approval as the former CBSL Governor claimed, did he give an assurance to the CoI that he would return within a specific period or did the CoI sought such a pledge from him.
Vidanapathirana Associates, on behalf of Ranil Wickremesinghe, several weeks after the last presidential election in Nov 2019, responded to a spate of allegations pertaining to Treasury Bond scams et al directed at the former Premier by yahapalana regime President Maithripala Sirisena. Responding to specific allegation that Wickremesinghe helped Mahendran to escape Sri Lankan justice, Vidanapathirana Associates stated (verbatim): “Mr. Arjuna Mahendran gave evidence before the Presidential Commission and therefore obtained its permission to leave Sri Lanka. He has not returned since then.”
The Attorney General’s Department should inquire into the circumstances under which Mahendran left the country.
Controversy over privatization
Restructuring/privatization of loss-making state enterprises has received attention as part of the overall economic recovery efforts. However, rebel SLPP lawmaker Dr. Nalaka Godahewa recently raised the possibility of the new government exploiting the current economic crisis to privatize profit-making ventures, such as Sri Lanka Insurance Corporation (SLIC) and Sri Lanka Telecom. The former Viyathmaga activist was responding to President Ranil Wickremesinghe’s recent declaration as regards privatization.
Declaring his whole hearted support for the proposed restructuring of loss-making enterprises, Dr. Godahewa however questioned the move to privatize the profitable ventures. Such privatizations will further weaken the public sector due to the Treasury being deprived of much needed cash. Dr. Godahewa assertion that the vast majority of 94 state enterprises privatized between 1990-2003 during the tenure of late President Ranasinghe Premadasa and ex-President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga were profitable ventures reveals how the powers that be gradually deprived the Treasury of wherewithal.
The lawmaker while making reference to the controversial circumstances China secured the Hambantota port on a 99-year-lease for USD 1.2 bn in 2017, questioned the move to privatize SLIC and SLT.
Commenting on what he called Sri Lanka’s infamous privatization policy, Dr. Godahewa mentioned a few interesting facts regarding the privatized enterprises though he refrained from naming them. (1) The Supreme Court in 2009 reversed the sale of SLIC for Rs 6 bn during the tenure of Kumaratunga’s regime. At the time of the transaction, the SLIC had assets estimated to be worth over Rs 30 bn (2) The Supreme Court also in the same year reversed two more corrupt transactions, namely Waters Edge and Lanka Marine Services (3) A person who bought a plantation company earned a 100 percent profit within 24 hours after he sold the same property for double the amount he paid for (4) Those who acquired a company that dealt with food much more cash they paid for that particular state enterprise. That enterprise had more money in its bank accounts and the safes than what was received by the government from the buyer and (5) Some of those buyers earned massive profits by selling machinery and equipment.
So, no wonder she was dubbed Chaura Regina (bandit queen) by her one-time political soulmate Victor Ivan in a book he published and to this date ex-President Kumaratunga has not dared to challenge the accusations either in a court of law or by word.
The whole privatisation/restructuring programme appeared to have been carried out at the expense of the national economy while successive governments packed the public enterprises with their supporters. But the massive expansion of the public sector took place at the behest of Mahinda Rajapaksa, who served as the President from Nov 2005 to January 2015.
Public Administration Secretary Priyantha Mayadunne didn’t mince his words a few months ago when he declared how the public service had become an unbearable burden to the taxpayer. But why didn’t he speak up earlier? Mayadunne explained how the public service had been recklessly expanded to nearly 1.5 mn whereas the requirement was 500,000. One-time Justice Ministry Secretary Mayadunne emphasized the need to restructure the public service. Mayadunne’s warning to political parties represented in Parliament, state and private sector trade unions and the civil society that they will soon be categorized as traitors unless they agreed to far reaching economic reforms appeared to have fallen on deaf ears.
Regardless of consequences, the government and the Opposition seemed still struggling to score petty political points than reaching a consensus on workable solutions to address grave political, economic and social issues. Their failure to agree on urgently needed reforms agenda is evidence that the public cannot depend on political parties represented in parliament. Instead of addressing issues at hand, particularly the internationally supervised debt restructuring plan, those who are responsible for the economic fallout seemed determined to consolidate their positions while pursuing the same old strategies.
The government owed an explanation as regards accusations pertaining to the planned privatization of the SLIC and SLT.
TISL’s corruption index
According to TISL’s most recent Corruption Perception Index (2021) Sri Lanka is ranked 102nd out of 180 countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector corruption. This assessment is certainly questionable. If corruption allegations directed at decision-makers, both in and outside Parliament, are properly examined taking into consideration the responsibilities of the executive, members of the legislature as well as the judiciary, Sri Lanka must be among the worst lot. The proceedings of the parliamentary watchdog committees, periodic reports released by them as well as the Auditor General’s reports paint a bleak picture. The SLID and TISL should inquire into public enterprises as the former represents nearly 1,000 personnel at top management level at state and private sectors. Instead of taking tangible measures to tackle waste, corruption, irregularities and mismanagement, the anti-corruption project could become yet another lucrative trade.
Former Samagi Jana Balavegaya lawmaker Ranjan Ramanayake declared as he left Welikada prison last Friday (26) that Justice Minister Dr. Wijeyadasa Rajapakse, PC, asked for a guarantee from him that he would continue his anti-corruption campaign. The declaration was made after Ramanayake serving a four-year term of RI for contempt of judiciary received a presidential pardon after he publicly acknowledged there was no basis for accusations, he directed at the judiciary on Aug 21, 2017 outside Temple Trees. The former MP apologized to the judiciary while promising not to say anything inimical to the judiciary ever again. Obviously, those who had gathered outside Welikada prison to welcome Ramanayake didn’t really comprehend the implications of the politician going back on his much-publicized declarations. During his tenure as a UNP MP, Ramanayake twice lashed out at the judiciary. In respect of the second case the Supreme Court sentenced him to two years RI suspended for five years.
There had never been a proper inquiry into Ramanayake’s audio tapes though they captured the attention of the public. The releasing of audio tapes of conversations among SSP Shani Abeysekara (he hadn’t been appointed Director CID then), the then Deputy Minister of Social Empowerment Ranjan Ramanayake, the then High Court judge Mrs. Padmini Ranawaka and President Maithripala Sirisena, in the wake of the 2019 Presidential Election, sent shock waves through political parties, the judiciary, the police and the civil society.
Controversy still surrounds the circumstances under which the police received the recordings, secretly made by Ramanayake. Selected tapes were released to both the print and electronic media. Attempts to hush up the shocking revelations, pertaining to the Himbutana killings (Bharatha Premachandra killing), and the subsequent judgment failed.
Those in authority conveniently refrained from conducting a proper investigation into the scandalous interventions made by Ramanayake, as well as the conduct of HC judge Mrs. Ranawaka, and Abeysekara, though the police recorded some statements, including that of Mrs. Ranawaka.
Parliament suppressed the matter. The then Speaker Karu Jayasuriya should explain what really happened. Jayasuriya was among those who called for presidential pardon for Ramanayake. The failure to examine Parliament’s pathetic response to the disturbing revelations and the suppression of CDs is a matter for concern.
Did Ramanayake speak to High Court Judge Mrs. Ranawaka to influence the murder conviction against Duminda Silva, sans permission from the party leadership? Did the then top UNP leadership tell him to approach judges in respect of various cases?
Ramanayake is also on record phoning High Court judge Gihan Pilapitiya and Magistrate Dhammika Hemapala. Following the disclosure of a fraction of the tapes, the police recorded statements from Mrs. Ranawaka (retired), Pilapitiya and Hemapala.
Let me focus on the conversations involving Mrs. Ranawaka, Ramanayake, Abeysekara and President Sirisena (now SLPP Polonnaruwa district MP. Sirisena also remains the SLFP leader).
Mrs. Ranawaka had no qualms in declaring that she had no confidence in President Sirisena though she subsequently directly pleaded with him to promote her to the Court of Appeal. Mrs. Ranawaka expressed doubts about President Sirisena when Ramanayake phoned her on July 14, 2016, in the wake of Abeysekara expressing serious concerns over the way the Duminda Silva matter, and related issues, were proceeding to their dislike. Nearly two dozen conversations, involving Ramanayake and Abeysekara, should have been examined without taking them in isolation. According to conversations now in public domain, Mrs. Ranawaka asked Ramanayake to intervene on her behalf when the latter pressed her on the pending judgment on the Himbutana killings. The judge also made reference to the then lawmaker and Attorney-at-Law Ajith P. Perera during her conversation, initiated by Ramanayake. The way the conversation continued, clearly indicated that the call taken by Ramanayake, on July 14, 2016, couldn’t have been the first and they knew each other very well. Mrs. Ranawaka, obviously exploited Ramanayake’s intervention to explore the possibility of moving up the ladder with unbridled political patronage.
Let there be a thorough inquiry into matters of concern. A genuine effort is needed.
Midweek Review
Israeli-US aggression won’t go unanswered -Iranian Ambassador
Iranian Ambassador in Colombo Dr. Alireza Delkhosh says the Islamic Republic of Iran remains fully prepared to face US-Israeli aggression.
In an interview with The Island at the Iranian Embassy, in Colombo, Dr. Delkhosh emphasised that in case of a fresh outbreak of hostilities, the aggressors, as well as those who provided bases for unprovoked military campaign ,should be prepared to face the consequences.
Excerpts of the interview:
The Island: Did Iran anticipate Israel-US launching unprovoked attacks in the midst of indirect nuclear talks between Iran and US in Geneva, mediated by Oman?
Ambassador: Iran’s wall of mistrust towards the US is rooted in decades of hostile policies and, specifically, Washington’s dark record of broken promises. We always welcomed diplomacy in good faith and serious intent, entering diplomatic channels accordingly; yet, we have repeatedly witnessed the US chose the path of betraying diplomacy in the midst of negotiations.
We do not build our foreign policy on optimism toward the US, as we fundamentally do not view the current US administration as a trustworthy party. The recurrence of provocative patterns and coordination with the Zionist regime’s actions during sensitive negotiations indicate a systematic approach to discredit diplomacy.
From our perspective;
“Any coercive or military action taken alongside mediation efforts serves as further evidence of Washington’s lack of sincere will for diplomacy and its attempt to exert pressure under the guise of dialogue—an approach that will not go unanswered.”
The Island: Do you think the latest war and regional developments, such as the UAE pulling out of OPEC, should be examined, taking into consideration the Oct0ber 7, 2023, Hamas attack on southern Israel.
Ambassador: Allow me to rephrase your question: Is there a link between the attacks carried out by the US and Israel against Iran and the Zionist regime’s warmongering policies? My answer is a definitive “yes”.
Any serious analysis of the current regional dynamics must be placed within the broader historical and structural context of the Palestinian question and the continuation of occupation and blockade. Iran has consistently maintained that the developments of October 7, 2023, did not emerge in a vacuum, but are rooted in decades of unresolved injustice, the denial of legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, and the absence of a credible political horizon.
From this perspective, the subsequent escalation in the region reflects a chain of reactions shaped by long-standing structural tensions, rather than isolated incidents. Iran has repeatedly emphasised that sustainable stability can only be achieved through ending occupation, addressing the root causes of the crisis, and upholding the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people.
Thus, it is important not to reduce complex geopolitical developments to a single starting point. Energy market decisions, alliance shifts, and military escalations are influenced by a broader set of strategic, economic, and political factors.
The Island: What is the status of talks mediated by Pakistan?
Ambassador: A high-ranking Iranian delegation attended an intense day of negotiations, with American negotiators, in Pakistan, on 12th of April, to permanently end a US-Israeli aggression against the country. Iran agreed to participate in the negotiations after US authorities indicated they had accepted Iran’s general conditions as a baseline for peace deal discussions. However, during 20 hours’ intense talks, the US changed its position.
The main sticking point in the talks was the US reluctance to agree to Iran’s legitimate rights to have a peaceful nuclear programme, which Iran has insisted on for years and just before entering the talks, based on the UNSC resolution and the relevant laws.
Iran’s foreign policy is firmly grounded in the principles of dignity, mutual respect, and rejection of coercion or imposed negotiations. Within this framework, Iran has consistently stated that it remains open to indirect diplomatic engagement through mediators, including regional partners, such as Pakistan, provided that diplomacy is conducted in a balanced and credible environment. At the same time, Iran has repeatedly emphasised that the effectiveness of any negotiating track is directly undermined by the US coercive measures, unilateral sanctions, and pressure-based policies.
Sustainable diplomacy necessitates a complete decoupling from pressure tactics; it must be grounded in genuine reciprocity and respect for national rights and interests. Guided by this principled approach, Iran continues to engage in mediation efforts, in good faith, while resolutely safeguarding its sovereign rights and rejecting any framework that resembles ‘dictation under pressure’.”
The Island: The UN has pathetically failed to intervene in the current West Asia conflict. Both Israel and the US simply ignored the UN and the world body seems irrelevant. As a seasoned diplomat what is your opinion on the UN? What is wrong with the global body”
Ambassador: Iran views the UN as an important multilateral institution established to safeguard international peace and security; however, its effectiveness has increasingly been constrained by the selective application of its Charter and the politicisation of decision-making, particularly within the Security Council.
Currently, the international community is witnessing highly dangerous interpretations of ‘peace,’ ‘rights,’ and ‘aggression’ by the US and the Israeli regime. In their lexicon, if they attack a country, it is labelled a ‘peace operation’ or ‘legitimate defence’; yet, if a nation defends itself, it is branded as ‘warmongering.’
“When the innocent people of Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Iran, and Iraq are stripped of their fundamental human and humanitarian rights and endure profound suffering due to attacks, genocides, and inhumane sanctions, it is as if—in the prevailing international discourse—’human rights’ are not being violated at all.”
The world witnessed, on many occasions, that when certain permanent members are directly involved, or aligned with one side of a conflict, the UN’s ability to act impartially is significantly weakened.
From this perspective, the current situation does not reflect irrelevance of the United Nations itself, but rather highlights the structural imbalance in the international order, where enforcement mechanisms are often subject to geopolitical considerations. Iran has, therefore, consistently called for fundamental reform of global governance structures, including democratisation of the Security Council and strengthening of multilateralism, based on justice, equality, and respect for sovereignty.
The Islamic Republic of Iran supports a United Nations that truly represents the rights of nations and establishes justice. The current state of global affairs reflects the failure of certain powers to adhere to the fundamental principles of the UN Charter.
While emphasising the necessity of effective multilateralism to guarantee international peace and security, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently reaffirmed its commitment to an international order, based on international law and the principles of the UN Charter.
In conclusion, I must state that: “Unilateralism negates the essential and fundamental principles of the United Nations. Unilateralism is an invitation to injustice, confrontation, and war.”
The Island: In spite of sustained US pressure, its NATO allies declined to join military action against Iran or commit forces to Hormuz Strait. The British and French positions caused an unprecedented rift between them and the US. Do you think NATO countries’ split position on Iran war caused irreparable damage to the largest military organisation in the world?
Ambassador: Differences among NATO members on the use of force in external theatres are not unprecedented. Divergent approaches to specific regional conflicts can place strain on political unity and strategic messaging within this alliance. Whether such differences translate into long-term structural damage depends on how effectively members manage internal consultation and reaffirm shared principles.
Let’s not forget that NATO is fundamentally a military alliance shaped by the strategic priorities of the United States, and differences among its members often reflect not a principled divergence, but rather varying degrees of alignment with Washington’s regional policies.
What is presented as “internal consultation” within NATO is frequently constrained by asymmetric influence, where key decisions on the use of force are effectively driven by the US agenda.
In this context, disagreements among NATO members on external military actions are seen in Tehran less as an institutional safeguard and more as evidence of the alliance’s limited strategic autonomy, particularly in relation to West Asia. Therefore, these divergences do not merely represent tactical differences, but highlight a deeper structural issue: the growing questioning of interventionist policies and the sustainability of military blocs in addressing complex regional crises.
The Island: When did you first hear about the unprovoked US attack on Iran frigate off Galle? (The date and time, please). Who told you about the unfortunate incident? What was your first reaction?
Ambassador: What was particularly concerning was that the IRIS Dena was understood to be undertaking a routine passage in the region, returning from an official visit to India, and was not engaged in any combat or hostile activity. Any incident involving a naval vessel, under such circumstances, is naturally a matter of serious concern and a war crime, especially when it raises questions about maritime safety and the protection of unarmed or non-combat assets.
My immediate priority, upon receiving credible confirmation about this attack, would have been the safety of personnel and the prevention of any escalation. From the first moments of receiving this information, I have been in direct talks and consultations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other relevant government authorities, while ensuring that no conclusions are drawn until all facts are verified.
The Island: Did you visit the Iranian vessel and sailors now at Trincomalee?
Ambassador: At this stage, I would like to state that the primary responsibility of the mission has been to maintain continuous contact with the relevant Sri Lankan authorities and ensure the safety, welfare, and proper handling of Iranian personnel and assets involved. In this regard, we have been in close and ongoing coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other competent government institutions to follow up on all necessary arrangements.
Our focus has been on ensuring that all matters are addressed through official diplomatic channels in accordance with international maritime and humanitarian procedures. The well-being of our personnel and the proper management of the situation remain our highest priority.
The Island: Ambassador, you presented your credentials to the then President Ranil Wickremesinghe in late October, 2023. What were the previous diplomatic stations you served before taking over the Colombo mission?
Ambassador: Prior to my mission in Sri Lanka and the Maldives, I served in various diplomatic capacities in Turkey, Sweden, and Uzbekistan.”
The Island:Would you mind stating Iranian red lines about issues that Iran would never give up such as the right to use nuclear power for civilian purposes and control over Hormuz Strait?
Ambassador: Iran’s foreign policy is based on the principles of sovereignty, deterrence, and the rejection of coercion and unilateral pressure, while simultaneously affirming its commitments under international law. In this framework, we have consistently emphasised that the Islamic Republic will never relinquish its inalienable right to peaceful nuclear energy, including enrichment for civilian purposes, such as energy production, medical applications, and scientific development. As we continually maintained, this right is fully consistent with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
At the same time, Iran regards the security and management of the Strait of Hormuz as a strategic national responsibility, given that it lies within Iran’s sovereign waters and is one of the world’s most sensitive maritime corridors. Our officials have repeatedly stated that the security of the Persian Gulf and Hormuz must be maintained by regional states themselves, without external militarisation or domination.
However, Iran has consistently expressed concern over certain regional developments in which neighbouring territories have been utilised for the projection of external military power, including by the United States, which, in Tehran’s view, contributes to heightened tensions and undermines regional stability. From Iran’s perspective, such dynamics are among the key factors affecting and jeopardising the security environment of the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
Within this framework, Iran has emphasised that any threat to its sovereignty, territorial integrity, or strategic security interests would be met with firm and proportionate resistance, while at the same time reaffirming its commitment to freedom of navigation in accordance with international law.
Taken together, from a broader perspective: “The overarching framework of Iran’s foreign policy is built upon three primary pillars: countering diplomatic pressures, maintaining autonomy in strategic decision-making while safeguarding national interests and sovereignty, and emphasising the principle of reciprocity. This approach—rooted in the three guiding principles of ‘Dignity, Wisdom, and Expediency’—reflects Tehran’s explicit opposition to unilateralism and bullying in the global arena.”
The Island: Iran proved that it had the strength and the will power to face daunting military challenges and, in spite of civilian protests, influenced by economic hardships, the public stood by the leadership during the hour of crisis. What is Iran’s message to the world?
Ambassador: Iran is the heir to a great civilisation, spanning several millennia. Iran’s message to the world is that national resilience is ultimately rooted in the bond between the state and its nation, particularly, during times of external pressure and security challenges. Despite economic hardships, the Iranian people have demonstrated that in moments of national crisis, priorities converge around the defence of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security.
From this perspective, the experience of recent years is a clear testimony that external pressure, military threats, or coercive policies do not weaken national cohesion; rather, they reinforce a shared sense of resistance and the bond between the leadership and segments of society around core national principles. It highlights that such domestic economic issues are addressed within the framework of national stability, not through external intervention.
There exists an inviolable principle: “Sustainable national cohesion is achieved only in the light of full sovereignty over internal affairs and the rejection of any intervention or the politicisation of domestic developments by foreign powers.”
The Island:Wishful Israel-US assessment for regime change, following the Supreme Leader’s assassination failed. Against the backdrop of US success in Venezuela, they seemed to have wrongly asserted the situation and Iranian military response. How do you see the next few weeks as the US and Israel maintain a fragile ceasefire, regardless of some isolated incidents?
Ambassador: The assumptions that external pressure, military action, or targeted scenarios, such as the assassination of its leadership, would lead to structural political change in Iran, have repeatedly proven to be a strategic miscalculation. “Iran’s security architecture is not modelled after classic Western patterns that could be brought down, through sanctions or threats; rather, it possesses its own unique design.
Iran’s strategic decision-making is rooted in institutional continuity, national sovereignty, and a well-established defence and command structure—one that cannot be disrupted by external pressures or short-term military developments.”
Regarding the current situation, the existing ceasefire environment looks to be fragile and highly sensitive. As repeatedly stressed by our officials and leadership, stability cannot be sustained through coercive measures, continued military pressure, or selective escalation. Therefore, any lasting calm depends on adherence to commitments, respect for sovereignty, and cessation of hostile actions.
In the coming weeks, the situation will remain volatile, yet manageable, and Iran will continue to maintain its readiness to respond to any potential adventurism.
Iran continues to emphasise that sustainable regional security cannot be built on failed assumptions of regime change or military superiority, but only through recognition of political realities and mutual respect under international law.
The Island: Finally, the senseless killing of over 150 schoolgirls and teachers at an Iranian school, at the onset of the latest conflict, horrified the world. However, the response of Western governments, and various human rights bodies, seemed inadequate. Some refrained from commenting on the incident. The situation in Lebanon, too, is deteriorating. Why do they act differently when the perpetrators happened to be the US or Israel?
Ambassador: I believe that the disparity in reactions reflects a long-standing flaw in the international system: the selective application of international law and humanitarian principles, based on political considerations rather than universal standards.
As you noted, when incidents involve the US or Israel, many international actors—including certain Western governments and institutions—tend to interpret events through the narratives of ‘security,’ ‘self-defence,’ or ‘strategic necessity.’ The brutal attack on the Minab girls’ school, which resulted in the slaughter of over 168 students and teachers, has pulled back the curtain on the double standards of those who claim to champion human rights. While the smallest incidents in other countries trigger immediate global outcries. We witness a response characterised by silence, projection, and brazen falsehoods regarding this blatant crime—as well as the horrific atrocities in Gaza and Lebanon. These tactics aim at nothing but distorting reality and whitewashing the perpetrators of these tragedies. This pattern has undermined the credibility of international law and the global human rights framework, as it ignores the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ and suggests that accountability is not applied equally to all members of the international community.
This is not merely a legal issue but an expression of a structural imbalance in the international order, where political alliances and strategic interests dictate the interpretation and enforcement of norms. Therefore, I maintain that: “The only way to restore trust in the international system is through the consistent and non-selective enforcement of international law, without exceptions or double standards, regardless of the identity of the parties involved.”
As a final word: “Ibn Khaldun 1332-1406, a famous philosopher and historian, believes that ‘politics is the product of geography.’ The essence of this hypothesis is that the temporary presence of extra-regional powers in West Asia and the Persian Gulf must not lead certain small coastal states of the Persian Gulf into a strategic miscalculation.
The time will come when outsiders are expelled from this region, leaving only the neighbours who are destined to coexist. Instead of focusing on Outsourced Security and legitimacy from distant powers, they must return to geographical realities. They ought to study history to recognise which nation has been the source of security and stability in the Persian Gulf for millennia.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
Midweek Review
JVP/NPP government and social media
‘Aragalaya’ betrayed? ‘The treason of the intellectuals’ in the age of populism – Part III
The JVP/NPP government, which relied heavily on social media to come to power, seems to be deeply afraid that it will be overthrown by a second aragalaya fuelled by social media. The government has been accused of organising and directing forces—including pro-government social media activists—from behind the scenes to prevent criticism of the government’s actions from shaping public opinion against the government through social media. Critics say that the aim is to discourage, silence, and drive away critics of the government through ridicule, insults, obscene statements, and intimidation.
Leaving aside these behind-the-scenes manoeuvers, the news that a group of YouTubers, who are identified as “dhobies” or “washers,” recently attended a private press conference at the JVP party headquarters at the invitation of the President and the Minister of Mass Media and Cabinet Media Spokesperson, is a powerful example of the weight the current government places on social media.
“Dhobies”/”washers”
The intelligentsia and intellectuals in democracies play a key role in shaping public opinion, which is traditionally vital in determining the outcome of elections or in building public protests. In the era of social media ubiquity, the primary location of the intelligentsia engaged in politics has shifted to social media. Influencing social media users is now seen as the key to political victory—hence the significance of the phenomenon identified by the term “dhobies”/”washers” (literally laundrymen).
Manifested as a voluntary social media activity—dominated by Facebook and primarily occurring in the Sinhala medium (this article does not cover Tamil social media)—the phenomenon of “washers” is an unprecedented and unique addition to the political process in Sri Lanka. This is an activity of political significance with a certain level of intellectual content that goes beyond the level of mere social media activism, and is carried out by the intelligentsia and intellectuals. These “washers”, alongside the academics who lead them, emphatically state that it is their responsibility to work vigorously to protect this government—one that they brought to power and which aligns with the ideology they believe in.
This group also includes social media journalists who identify themselves as left-wing political activists and as ‘analytical’ discussion presenters via content creation—podcasts and video interviews—as opposed to being mere social media activists.
To achieve their goal, the “washers” understand their role as “cleaning” or “whitewashing” the government in the face of criticism or controversy. They seek to prove the government right by targeting, attacking, and silencing critics through quibbling and intimidation, thereby “protecting” the government.
Although these attacks primarily come in the form of “intellectual” attacks, the range of attacks unleashed under that “intellectual leadership” includes ridicule, insults, and harassment, which are encouraged to be directed at opponents at various levels. Posts are published subtly or directly inviting the “people” who habituate social media as “friends” to post their emojis—likes, dislikes, laughter, ridicule—which may take the form of reaction images, or verbal “comments” against political opponents who publish their views on social media.
In addition to organised “washers,” there are highly credentialed academics who contribute to the “washing” process on their own Facebook pages, either directly or in tacit, subtle ways. Those who do not actively join indicate their support tacitly as “friends” of the organized “washers”—either via emojis or by participating through seemingly innocuous comments that nevertheless get the job done.
They claim this activity of ‘washing’ is the real ground on which politics is determined today. Their stated argument is that in the current era of social media, ridicule, insults, and harassment are inevitable in politics; therefore, those who cannot face them should not be involved in politics. In other words, in this view, politics dominated by social media seems to reenact Hobbes’”state of nature,” which is “nasty, poor, solitary, brutish, and short,” indicating an unprecedented level to which Sri Lanka’s intellectual culture has descended.
Isn’t it an indictment of academia that the practice of “washing” led by academics comes under serious scrutiny from their academic “friends” on social media, especially in relation to the vocation of intellectuals and their role in politics? Notably, the self-identified intellectual leaders of left populism—some of whom are themselves drawn from academia—circulate within these same social media circles.
What they are trying to protect the government from by silencing their rivals and banishing them from the public arena is a second aragalaya that they and the government seem to firmly believe will build on social media operations if criticism of the government is allowed to spread unabated. Hence, there is the need to somehow suppress criticism while giving the act a veneer of intellectual activity. They are participating in this effort, rallying as both organisations and individuals at different levels.
It needs to be added that while these “washing” activities take place mainly in the medium of Sinhala, related “higher” intellectual content is aired in the English medium as well, mainly in the form of interviews with academics.
Criticising the government from a left political perspective
What has come to be expressed as the essence of this “washing” process is the idea, presented in the form of a theoretical formulation, that when criticising the current government from a leftist political perspective, one should first consider who benefits from it. What it means is that if the current government is criticised from a leftist perspective, it could result in a second aragalaya, leading to the return of those who are currently out of power.
A related question that critics are often asked is this; whom do they see as the leaders of a government that could replace the current government? It is as if citizens should only criticise a government that affects their lives if they have a clear alternative to replace it. It is as if criticism is not something that can be done with the intention of correcting something, or a way to develop an alternative.
This argument rejects the traditional liberal political science argument about bourgeois democracy, which considers holding elections at regular intervals to bring governments to power and changing governments when necessary as positive—which requires accepting as positive the development of a critique of the government in power. Accordingly, it implies that the current government must be kept in power at all costs to prevent the power groups that the people rejected from coming back to power, and that is why the Left should stop criticizing the current government. This is a very strange idea of democracy. It is clearly not the bourgeois liberal democracy we have known so far. So, what kind of democracy is it? As some are wont to do, we can keep on tweaking the term to suit the changing conditions instead of developing a critique in the name of the ideal of democracy. So, what is the new term for what is done with democracy under the new regime? Or, do they think that we have reached an era of post-democracy?
Traditionally, the role of intellectuals and the intelligentsia has been to provide the critical thinking that society needs. But the intellectuals who are engaged in “washing” say that the Left should silence its criticism in order to save the government, and then everything will be fine. Some who support “washing” argue that what the Left should do is not criticize the current government, but push it further to the left. While this argument presumes the government to be Left notwithstanding the Left criticism of it, what it fails to take into account is that one of the reasons the government needs repressive social media forces and “washers” may be that the government is intolerant of criticism that pushes it to the left.
The NPP government came to power by rallying around the NPP organisations and individuals who called themselves liberal, progressive, leftist, radical, etc., outside of the JVP membership. The group that can be called intellectuals among them identified themselves with the NPP through a series of actions—starting from contributing to the work of building the National People’s Power and the formulation of its policies, to taking the leadership of relevant committees at various levels and appearing publicly at various public events of the NPP, even on the election platform. Some of them won the elections on the basis of their identity-based vote blocks or became members of parliament from the national list and even became ministers. Many others, as is customary after an election victory, got themselves appointed to various positions in the government bureaucracy as chairpersons, board/council members, directors, etc., either immediately or later.
Some, whether or not they were appointed, abandoned the critical role they were previously playing in society and have remained silent. Some of them have abandoned the theoretical interventions they were making in the public arena with a view to a “system transformation” until they brought the current government to power, in favour of safe literary or other topics as if the transformation that all those criticisms targeted had been achieved with the coming to power of the current government. Others entered the “washing” business while holding official positions in the current ruling regime. Although not all those involved in the “washing” process are in positions of power, there have been allegations that some of those who are involved without holding positions do so in exchange for payment. Among these groups are those who, traditionally known as independent journalists, are now mostly known as content and/or digital creators, questioning the validity of their claims to represent independent journalism.
Some leftists assume that this will be the last time a left-wing government has come to power in Sri Lanka, and therefore have joined the government believing that they should achieve the maximum good for the people, as if they think that history has ended.
Conclusion: Populism and the treason of intellectuals
In conclusion, returning to the ideology of populism that provided the backdrop for this article, it is relevant to note how some of the key characteristics of populism identified in the literature align with critics’ accounts of the policies followed by the current JVP/NPP government.
At its core, populist ideology presents a dichotomy between a “pure,” idealised conception of the people and a “corrupt” elite. It frames politics as a moral struggle against corruption, seeking to displace the traditional class basis of politics. Being deeply anti-institutional, populism dismisses expert and academic knowledge as elitist.
Driven by a Schmittian logic of friend-versus-enemy politics, populist leaders and the intelligentsia seek to displace the traditional elite, aiming to purge them from politics, academia, and culture with a view to appointing themselves as the new elite.
Populism rejects the democratic state in the name of the people. Political theorist Wendy Brown points out that populism focuses instead on aggressive law and order, statism, and a non-democratic view of liberty—where authority rules, yet individuals claim libertarian freedom.
Globally, populism tends to breed authoritarian leaders who centralise power in the executive branch, stripping judges of their independence and turning elected parliaments into mere rubber stamps. To stay in power, populist movements systematically target checks and balances, the free press, and universities, labeling them as roadblocks against the people’s mandate. Once in control, these regimes use legal gray areas to oppress opposition parties and subvert democracy to ensure they remain in power.
The Treason of the Intellectuals
For the title of my article, I have borrowed the title of a seminal work by the French philosopher and essayist Julien Benda, The Treason of the Intellectuals (1927). Almost a hundred years ago, Benda critiqued the intelligentsia’s betrayal of their vocation as intellectuals, focusing on their abandonment of the Enlightenment ideal of universal humanity. In our case, I would argue that intellectuals have abandoned their vocation in the very name of the “renaissance” and “enlightenment” ideals—or the punarudaya—they claim to stand for, allowing political partisanship to dictate their understanding of the intellectual vocation itself.
In her 2023 book, Nihilistic Times, political theorist Wendy Brown argues that we are living in deeply nihilistic times. Placing this rise in nihilism at the very center of our current political crisis, she warns that it is actively undoing democracy while degrading and confounding both political and academic life. In Brown’s view, nihilism leads to the devaluation of both knowledge and political responsibility—a crisis that is especially clear in academia. She argues that intellectuals have abandoned democracy, the common good, and the pursuit of objective truth, choosing instead to align themselves with whoever holds political or cultural power to serve partisan or authoritarian goals. Ultimately, Brown argues that public intellectuals must act as honest, thoughtful analysts who hold politicians accountable rather than seeking to win their favor. Finally, she issues a direct challenge to left-wing intellectuals to make good on their foundational commitment to true critical thinking.
Midweek Review
The Road Less Traveled
Cutting across the brooding greenery,
Of the big city’s outlying wetlands,
That are verily its purifying lungs,
Are roads less traveled and sought,
That teem with Nature’s All,
Beginning with the tiniest forms of life,
To sprawling giants of the wilds,
Not to speak of birds and butterflies,
Rising to the skies in mesmeric flight…
But nature lovers are nowhere in sight,
Except for frolicking young couples,
Whose purses are pinching so much,
That they can’t afford costlier hideouts,
But there’s no denying that our wetlands,
Need to be right away protected,
Lest they win mention in the Red List,
Of earthly beings heading for extinction.
By Lynn Ockersz
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