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Cabinet approves signing of two conventions to facilitate nuclear power here
By Rathindra Kuruwita
The Cabinet of Ministers has approved the signing of the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage and Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, Saminda Jayasekara, Chairman at the Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Regulatory Council said recently at an event organized by the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka.
The Convention on Supplementary Compensation (CSC) aims at establishing a minimum national compensation amount and at further increasing the amount of compensation through public funds to be made available by the Contracting Parties should the national amount be insufficient to compensate for the damage caused by a nuclear incident.
The Vienna Convention on Civil Liability aims at harmonizing the national law of the Contracting Parties by establishing some minimum standards to provide financial protection against damage resulting from certain peaceful uses of nuclear energy.
However, the Cabinet has not approved the signing of the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy and the Joint Protocol Relating to the Application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention, Jayasekara said.
Jayasekara mentioned that western European countries could only be enticed to build nuclear power plants in Sri Lanka only if Sri Lanka signs Paris Convention.
“If we are not a part of those conventions western European countries won’t come to Sri Lanka,” he said.
Meanwhile, Malinda Ranaweera, scientific officer at the Sri Lanka Atomic Energy Board said that nuclear energy is becoming popular in Asia. China, Japan, and South Korea are leading the way in Asia, he said. India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan too have nuclear power plants.
“In Asia there is a big nuclear renaissance. China has 59 reactors with several others under construction, South Korea has 28, and Japan has 33. India has 19 reactors and is constructing eight more,” he said.
Sri Lanka is in a decision making phase with the Cabinet recently approving nuclear as an energy option, he said.
SMRs can also be coupled with solar and wind power, he added.
He added that Sri Lanka needs about 400 megawatts of electricity per day when the Colombo Port City Project is complete. The power should be cheap in order to attract foreign investments, Ranaweera said. If the metropolitan light railway system is implemented it will need an additional 200 megawatts, he added.
Ranaweera said another 200 megawatts will be needed if the government converts the conventional train system into an electrified train system.
“All these need cheap power,” he said.
Sri Lanka has been considering nuclear power since 1974, Ranaweera said. In 2010 Cabinet approval was given to conduct a pre-feasibility study to consider a nuclear power programme in the country, he said.
“In February 2024 the Cabinet of Ministers approved “to take the strategic and knowledgeable decision to forward the electricity generation using nuclear power in Sri Lanka as a safe, clean, green, reliable and affordable energy source,” he said.
It takes about 15 years to complete a nuclear power plant project from scratch and Sri Lanka should get to work on it immediately, Dr. Thushara Rathnayake, senior lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa said.
Nuclear is a clean energy source with a high output from a single plant, she said.
“This is a highly safe medium, and it is economical. The generation cost is highly dependent on capital cost (about 60 percent), the fuel cost is about 20 percent from the generation cost. Although the capital cost is high, lifetime cost is low and the introduction of carbon taxes would make nuclear energy more economical.”
Rathnayake said that public acceptance would be one of the largest challenges in establishing a nuclear power plant in Sri Lanka. However, compared to other power sources, nuclear power is safer. The country can also suffer a huge economic loss, if we build a conventional large reactor and the plant is not operated throughout the life cycle.
“If you look at the capital cost of nuclear power, generated for a conventional large reactor, it’s about 7,000 US dollars per kilowatt hour. Cost of coal is about 4,000 dollars. But if you consider the health, social and environmental costs, the capital cost is almost equal to nuclear energy. However, nuclear power has a capacity factor of about 94 percent. Other intermittent sources like wind and solar have a low-capacity factor. So, if we calculate the levelized cost of energy, nuclear is very much cost competitive to other power sources,” she said.
Rathnayake added that if the government decides to go for a large nuclear reactor, it will have to incur a large capital investment. So Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), i.e., less than 300 MWs, should interest Sri Lanka more.
“Currently four SMRs, in advanced stages of construction, are being built in Argentina, China and Russia. The capital costs are also low. I said the capital cost of nuclear power is about 7,000 US dollars per kilowatt hour, but for an SMR the cost is about 2,900 dollars. It also only takes 1.5 years to construct, compared to five years taken to build a conventional large reactor,” she said.
Nuclear power also uses the least amount of land to generate a megawatt hour of electricity, she said. This is about 1.3 square metres per megawatt hour.
“SMRs suit smaller grids like ours. We can also think about offshore in-built SMRs, which are cheaper, less risky and we won’t have to worry about handling Spent Nuclear Fuel,” she said.
Under the guidance of President Anura Kumara Disanayake, the “Clean Sri Lanka” programme, implemented as a key government initiative is set to launch 34 new projects this year, and work on many of these projects is scheduled to commence by the end of this April.
In line with this, a one-day workshop was held on Thursday (10) at the “Clean Sri Lanka” Secretariat located in the Lotus Building at the Temple Trees, under the leadership of Secretary to the President Dr. Nandika Sanath Kumanayake. The workshop provided technical guidance on preparing project proposals in accordance with the formats required by the Department of National Planning for submission and approval.
The “Clean Sri Lanka” programme aims to foster social, environmental and ethical transformation across the country, with the active participation of all stakeholders. A sum of Rs. 5 billion has been allocated from this year’s national budget for its implementation.
Once the Department of National Planning grants approval for the proposed projects, detailed action plans will be developed in line with prescribed formats. It was agreed that projects deemed ready for implementation will commence before the end of April.
During the workshop, Secretary to the President outlined the government’s expectations and the intended outcomes of the “Clean Sri Lanka” programme.
Senior officials representing the Ministry of Public Administration, Provincial Councils and Local Government, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Employment and Tourism, Ministry of Health and Mass Media, Ministry of Education, Higher Education and Vocational Education, Ministry of Transport, Highways, Ports and Civil Aviation, Ministry of Public Security and Parliamentary Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Lands and Irrigation, Ministry of Digital Economy, Ministry of Urban Development, Construction and Housing, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Industries and Entrepreneurship Development, Sri Lanka Police, and the Western Provincial Council were in attendance.
Also present were Engineer S.P.C. Sugeeshwara, Additional Secretary to the President (Clean Sri Lanka Programme) and G.M.R.D. Aponsu, Senior Additional Secretary to the President (Finance and Economic Affairs), along with other senior officials.
[PMD]
The Government of Sri Lanka has extended financial assistance amounting to USD 01 Million to provide relief to the people of Myanmar affected by the recent earthquake.
The relevant cheque was officially handed over by the Secretary to the President, Dr. Nandika Sanath Kumanayake, to the Ambassador of Myanmar to Sri Lanka, Marlar Than Htaik.on Thursday (10) at the Presidential Secretariat.
Despite the prevailing economic challenges in Sri Lanka, the Ambassador of Myanmar expressed her deep appreciation to President Anura Kumara Disanayake and the Government of Sri Lanka for this gesture of solidarity and support towards the disaster-stricken people of Myanmar.
Furthermore, the Ambassador extended her gratitude for Sri Lanka’s decision to deploy relief teams and medical personnel during this difficult time. She also noted that such acts of compassion further strengthen the longstanding religious and cultural friendship between Sri Lanka and Myanmar.
The Ambassador also briefed the Secretary to the President on the current situation in Myanmar following the earthquake.
Senior Additional Secretary to the President, Roshan Gamage, along with officials from the Embassy of Myanmar, Winh Wint Khaus Tun and Ms. Lei Yi Win, were also present at this occasion.
[PMD]
…of seven SOCs only one constituted so far
Sri Lanka’s controversial MoU on Defence Cooperation with India was unlikely to be taken up any time soon in Parliament in spite of the House Sectoral Oversight Committee (SOC) on Governance, Justice and Civil Protection that has been assigned defence, authoritative sources told The Island.
Of the seven SOCs only one was activated with the recent election of Dr. Najith Indika, MP, as the Chairman of the Sectoral Oversight Committee on Governance, Justice, and Civil Protection of the Tenth Parliament.
The inaugural meeting of the current parliament was held on 21 Nov., 2024.
Sources said that the parliament had met for the last time yesterday (10) before the Sinhala and Tamil New Year holiday. It is scheduled to meet again on May 8.
The UNDP that has financially backed the establishment of the SOC system to help strengthen the role of the parliament recently reached a consensus with the government to reduce the number of SCOCs from 17 to seven. The Island, in writing, asked for the UNDP’s reaction to the operation of SOCs but had not received a response at the time this edition went to press.
The SOCs have the power to examine any Bill, except the Bills defined in Article 152 of the Constitution, Treaty, Reports including the Annual and Performance Reports relating to the institutions coming under its purview or any other matter referred to the Committee by Parliament or any Committee or a Minister relating to the subjects and functions within their jurisdiction.
Sources said that out of the seven SOCs only one had been activated during the past five months though the government and the Opposition agreed to share the leadership of them.
Accordingly, it was agreed that the government would appoint chairpersons to four SOCs –– Economic Development and International Relations, Health, Media and Women’s Empowerment, Science, Technology and Digital Transformation and Governance, Justice and Civil Protection .
It was also agreed that the Opposition would appoint chairpersons to the SOCs on Infrastructure and Strategic Development, Education, Manpower and Human Capital, and Environment, Agriculture and Resource Sustainability to the Opposition.
India and Sri Lanka on April 5 signed six MoUs on HVDC interconnection for import/export of power, cooperation in the field of sharing successful digital solutions implemented at population scale for digital transformation, defence cooperation, multi sectoral grant assistance for Eastern province, health and medicine and pharmacopoeia cooperation. In addition to them, India, Sri Lanka and UAE signed a tripartite MoU cooperation in development of Trincomalee as an energy hub.
The Island asked Ali Sabry, PC, who served as foreign minister during Ranil Wickremesinghe’s tenure as the President (July 2022 to Sept 2024) whether the seven MoUs had been discussed during that period. We also asked him whether those MoUs should have been discussed at SOCs before finalisation.
Sabry said: “Most of the MOU to my knowledge were discussed except the one on Defence Cooperation, which I am unaware of. General procedure is the relevant line ministry prepares the initial draft and gets the input from the Foreign Ministry and goes for stakeholder consultation of all ministries and agencies involved. Then the President’s Office grants its sanction and with the approval of the AG, it goes before the cabinet of ministers. With Cabinet approval, the government could sign the MOU.”
Sabry said that he was of the opinion that once the government signed a particular MoU, it should be placed before the parliament. “MOU’s are generally not legally binding and only signify the desire to work together. If the signed MoUs were to be implemented, then they have to be followed by agreements or laws.”
He emphasised the pivotal importance of transparency in the whole process. The ex-minister said: “I think transparency is crucial in these matters. Concealment leads to speculation and assumption of the worst. The MOUs should be tabled in Parliament for public information. Discussion at the relevant SOCs would have been helpful. There are growing fears fueled by lack of information in the public domain. This is a private comment, not to be attributed to me.
Asked whether MoUs, particularly the ones on defence and energy had to be approved by the Attorney General, the former minister said that the AG has to advise the MoUs compatibility with the Constitution. “But Article 157 of the Constitution does not apply; the 2/3 majority stipulated there envisages only investment treaties.” Foreign Minister Vijitha Herath assured Parliament on April 8 that the AG had cleared all seven MoUs and none of them were inimical to the country.
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