Features
What IS Happiness?
In my last Sunday’s article in this column, I wrote about the ‘Happiest Man’ – Tibetan monk Matheiu Ricard. In the early 2000s, researchers at the University of Wisconsin found that Ricard’s brain produced gamma waves — which have been linked to learning, attention and memory — at such pronounced levels that the media named him ‘The world’s happiest man’. He paired happiness with compassion and gave his ideas of what happiness is.
My mind continued on the subject and the concept of happiness, and so I decided to ask people for their definitions, what was the happiest moment for them and other questions. It was not curiosity but a genuine interest in this all important behavioral state of being, however short lived or long. Everyone wants to be happy, even animals and perhaps plants too who will be unhappy in most of Sri Lanka at this time of drought.
Definition
Last Sunday I declined to define the term, concept or emotion – happiness. I shy away from giving a definition but say happiness is equivalent to contentment. If you are satisfied with the moment and you feel contentment, then that is happiness.
The happiest moment of my long life was when my first child was born. In those days we had no training for childbirth, no breathing exercises et al. I had a difficult time and while heaving in pain around 6.00 in the evening when a change of all nursing staff takes place, I was left with two scared young trainee nurses in the nursing home very close to the Dalada Maligawa in Kandy.
An event at the Maligawa meant all roads were temporarily closed. I wondered whether Dr Mendis would arrive at all. He did and a competent nursing sister was at hand. Pain and worry disappeared with the first cry of the baby. I was overwhelmed with joy, satisfaction and gratitude to the doctor and all others, my family included, who had seen me through the day, now no longer an ordeal. I hardly slept that night, so happy was I seeing and hearing the little mite in a cot close by, starved for twelve hours, but making soft baby sounds.
Mrs B, the first elected prime minister of the world was at the Maligawa to pay homage to the Sacred Relic and so roads were closed and all that. I wondered whether Dr Mendis would arrive at all. I was wheel chaired to the delivery room, the two scared nurses pleading with me not to push, and then appeared the doctor – a god to me. A competent nursing sister too was present and my child was safely delivered.
Pain and worry disappeared with his first cry as I saw Dr Mendis hold him upside down. Doctor patted me and said he’d noted the time of birth. When the baby was bathed and dressed in a shirt I had lovingly stitched, and placed close by my side, I was overwhelmed with joy, satisfaction and gratitude to the doctor and all others, my family included, who had seen me through the day, now no longer an ordeal. I hardly slept that night, so happy was I seeing and hearing the little mite in a cot close by, starved for twelve hours, but making soft baby sounds.
This baby, now a grown man having children of his own, dares to give me a dig and defines happiness as the satisfaction one gets when others are made to write one’s Sunday Island column!!
Other aspects of happiness
What makes for happiness in one’s life? With age and experience I have decided one can never rely on others to create happiness for oneself. They may be contributory in either making you happy or unhappy, but it is you yourself who finally is the arbiter and maker of your happiness or unhappiness. This fact is so clearly stated in the Buddha Dhamma: “Be a refuge unto yourself” – rely on yourself for your own deliverance from Samsara but also for your happiness and well being.
Have I succeeded in making myself happy? No, not most of the time because my nature is such that I fear happenings, still carry regrets that no longer corrode me but are present, and frankly am rather quirky.
When am I happy? I was very happy being by myself, but no longer. I want people around. I am very happy and buoyant when with family and friends. I know people who are happiest when meditating, since they easily settle down to being completely within themselves and one pointed in meditation. I have experienced such too.
Giving, sharing, being good to people makes for happiness. I suppose this is why Monk Ricard always pairs happiness with compassion. If one is completely with metta (loving kindness to all); karuna (compassion, empathy); muditha (joy in others’ wellbeing); and upekka (equanimity), one is assured of happiness. If you have the last quality in your behavior or persona and inbuilt in your nature, you are through – you will always be happy since satisfaction and being unshaken by circumstances and inner uncertainties s assured.
What makes for happiness? I take here the personal aspect. Not riches, a luxurious life, status et al. Not one bit. To me happiness is derived mostly from the fact my children and their family members are good people in every sense of the word. Their happiness in life gives me lasting happiness.
Others’ ideas
I feel compelled and obliged to give verbatim the answers of a beautiful woman of 60.
Q : What is your idea/definition of the concept – happiness?
A: Trying to define Happiness is like trying to describe the shape of a cloud. Happiness is believed to have something to do with the mental filters that we look at life through. Psychologists point out to the workings of our brain, where our disposition to being happy is governed by which side of the brain we are predisposed to favour. The Buddha says, “Our life is a creation of our mind”. Consequently, for some, happiness could be found in the pursuit of fame, money or beauty, while for others it’s found in more spiritual pursuits of sharing and caring.
Q: What do you think goes to make happiness and to sustain it?
A:Happiness is a short lived state of being. A piece of music, a nature walk, time spent with a toddler, winning the lottery, finding something that went missing could all contribute to being happy. To sustain being happy would require a moving to a higher state such as joy and bliss. And this requires working on one’s mind.
Q: What was your happiest moment?
A : Selecting one moment is not easy to do. We all have a myriad “happiest” moments. Holding my newborn was a supremely happy moment. Looking back on my childhood, feels like it was one of the happiest times in my life. But, that is also because the mind edits out the not so savory bits of growing up, but aggregates the majority of it as being idyllic.
Q: What was the happiest period in your life?
A : I hope with wisdom of age and experiences of life, the happiest period is what lies ahead.
Q: What do you do or intend to do to be happy and live happily?
A: Live each day knowing I tried to be the best version of myself. Be kind and forgiving to myself, be understanding of others, be loving and compassionate to those who differ from me. In short, the Golden Rule or the Eightfold Path are ancient wisdoms that serve well to finding happiness.
A very steadfast man in his sixties defined happiness thus: “If equanimity is the desired baseline of living, I consider ‘happiness’ to be any emotion/feeling that rises above that baseline. Conversely ‘unhappiness’ is any feeling/emotion that is below the baseline of the desired equanimity. I consider ‘equanimity’ to be a neutral state of detachment, so in terms of life, I strive for contentment which is, in my view, more positive and joyful than pure equanimity, despite all the potential suffering that it may entail.”
About sustaining happiness, he very sensibly said that by its very nature it cannot be sustained because it is an elevation from the norm. “So, to try to sustain happiness is foolish. Contentment is more sustainable, but that too is ephemeral, but less fluctuation-prone.”
He replied the question on his happiest moment by saying “Unanswerable because happiness is so fleeting it really doesn’t register in perpetuity; because if it did, the rest of your life by definition should be less happy, and that is not something I want to focus on.” The happiest period of his life is his future – “the minutes, hours, days and years yet to come,” he optimistically said. His intention to be happy and live happily is to be content.
A younger man was cryptic in his answers supplying two sentences to my many questions. “I think you are better off asking the monks you converse with for their thoughts on happiness. Will be more informative than getting lay people’s opinions. (I disagree here. People like to know what other like persons think and feel). His second observation was: “Somewhat facetiously I can say my concept of happiness is being not answerable to anyone, being able to do exactly as I please without being tied down.” Happily unmarried he is!
Features
The Division Bell Mystery
Tales of Mystery and Suspense 3
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
The Brahms and Simon detective novels, the first of which I wrote about last week, were amongst several books by the pair that Robert Scoble gave me when I was in Australia towards the end of last year. Amongst them was another thriller of a very different sort, though that too was written and set between the wars.
Called The Division Bell Mystery, it was set in the House of Commons, the first such book I believe, and was by Ellen Wilkinson, a Labour MP who became Minister of Education in Attlee’s government after the war, having served previously as Parliamentary Private Secretary to several ministers. Her hero Robert West is also a PPS, but a conservative, and his Minister, of Home Affairs, is an old style aristocrat, not much loved by the less orthodox Prime Minister, who nevertheless needs his support on many occasions.
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
West was just outside the door when the shot was heard, and when he opened it saw only the dead body with a revolver beside it. The assumption that this was suicide was however challenged by Oissel’s grand-daughter Annette, who was his heir, on the grounds that he would never have killed himself. But her view was given greater credence by the Inspector put in charge of the case who said there were no burn marks on the body which would have been the case had Oissel fired the pistol himself.
Matters are complicated by the fact that Oissel’s flat had been burgled while he was at dinner, and Jenks the policeman allocated to him, who had served the Home Secretary and seemed more acceptable to Oissel than someone from the Security Service, had been killed. Matters get even more complicated when Annette says her grand-father’s notebook in which he wrote his secrets in cipher was missing.
That was found in Jenks’ pocket, and then a photographer came to West to say he had been asked by Jenks to photograph this. More worryingly for West, he finds in the Home Secretary’s drawer a few pages from the notebook with what appears to be an interpretation of the cipher.
Overwhelmed by all this he confides in a recently created peer who knows all about the business world, who insists that they leave the house party at which they had met over dinner and discuss the matter with the Prime Minister who promptly summons the Home Secretary.
But the Home Secretary had gone to Scotland to launch a ship over the weekend, so the meeting could take place only on the morning of the Monday, when difficult questions were expected on the adjournment motion. He admits at the meeting that he had got Jenks to take the notebook, and also that he knew the code since it had been created by him and Oissel when they were young.
He thought he should resign, and even contemplated suicide, but the Prime Minister told him that that would be even worse for the government, and that he should go home to bed. The Prime Minister said that he himself would handle the question, which he did with aplomb, insisting that confidentiality was needed until the inquest. What had happened would be made clear then, he declared, leaving West and Inspector Blackit and Lord Dalbeattie what seemed the impossible task of solving the murder.
Dalbeattie had suggested that West ask a female Labour MP who was very fond of him to get what information she could from the staff. That there was some involvement there had become clear when West, going back late one night to collect a briefcase he had left in a dining room, found someone lurking in the dark in the corridor outside the private rooms. Room J, where the murder had happened, was meant to be guarded throughout by a policeman, but he had left the room having felt dizzy, and it seemed that his coffee had been drugged. West’s sudden appearance however had prevented anyone else getting into the room.
Dalbeattie decides to recreate the scene of the murder and has a dinner party in Room J on the Tuesday night, inviting West and Annette and the society hostess at whose house he had met, and also Patrick Kinnaird, an MP who was engaged to Annette, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Home Ministry.
After coffee Inspector Blackit comes in with Grace, the Labour MP who had got the confidence of the staff, and a journalist who had also been helpful, and just as they say they think they are on the track the division bell rings. Grace jumps up and tells the Inspector that that provides the solution and they get a ladder, and sure enough find the revolver in the space where the bell is. Directed at the place where Oissel had sat, it had been primed to go off with the ringing of the bell. The waiter who had helped to set things up made clear who the murderer had been.
The reason for the murder and the confused motives of all those involved made for a fascinatingly intricate mix. But also impressive in the book were the descriptions of the isolation possible in the crowded premises of the house, the forceful characterization of the members – Grace based on the writer, the society hostess based on Nancy Astor, the first female MP – and the laid back nature of senior politicians which West realized had to change in the brave new world of high finance.
Features
The challenge of keeping value-based politics alive
The current outbreak of anti-immigrant protests in Durban, South Africa is bound to have taken many a subscriber to value-based politics or political idealism quite by surprise. After all, this is evidence that despite the historic accomplishments of nation-builders of the stature of the late President Nelson Mandela it cannot be taken for granted that identity politics, including racism in its worst forms, is no more in South Africa.
At the time of this writing details are scarce on the substantive root causes of the protests but it could very well be that economic grievances, particularly on the part of the majority community in South Africa, are contributing considerably to the disaffection. Shrinking employment and material prospects are likely to figure majorly among the factors igniting the unrest.
Fortunately, the local authorities in Durban are losing no time in calling for peaceful co-existence among the relevant communities and are pointing to the vital importance of stepping-up national integration processes. Apparently, immigrants in sizable numbers from neighbouring countries are present in Durban. However, international TV footage of the protests quoted some local authorities as saying that the majority of the immigrants in some centres that housed them were not illegal migrants and had the documents that entitle them to be in Durban.
In the Durban protests the world has fresh proof of the socially divisive consequences of the gathering globe-wide economic disaffection, touched off particularly by the continuing crisis in West Asia. Going ahead, the world would need to brace for increasing identity-based unrest of the kind it is just witnessing in South Africa.
Considering that the material lot of ordinary people everywhere could only aggravate progressively, with the US and Iran showing no signs of negotiating an end to their confrontation any time soon, it will be left to the more democratic and progressive sections of the world community to initiate positive measures collectively to bring a measure of relief to the discontented.
The swiftness with which such relief will be provided would depend crucially on the importance those sections taking up these undertakings attach to value-based politics as opposed to Realpolitik of power politics.
Going by these yardsticks, Italy could be considered to be moving in the right direction. Recently Italy came to the fore in initiating the collective named, ‘Rome Coalition for Food Security and Access to Fertilizer’, which has as one of its aims the swift provision of fertilizer to economically weak African countries.
In a recent statement Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Antonio Tajani, said that a principal aim of the project was to ensure that the farmers of Africa gained easy access to fertilizer, considering that food security is a growing concern among some of Africa’s economically vulnerable countries.
The statement went on to mention that some 30 countries hailing from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Balkans as well as the FAO had been invited to join the coalition. The venture is far-seeing in that food security is main among the reasons for social discontent which in turn could degenerate into endemic political turmoil and bloodshed. Separatist violence and geographical fragmentation of countries wouldn’t be too far behind these developments, as Africa itself has often proved.
It is hoped that more G7 countries would take the cue from Italy and do what they could to ease the hardships of economically distressed countries, particularly of the global South. In these efforts they would need to break rank with the US, which is today brutally indifferent to the consequences of its policy of making ‘America First’, come what may.
Going by current developments, the Trump administration seems to be blithely oblivious to the wider, deleterious effects of its policy course in West Asia. Besides rendering Iran militarily and otherwise impotent nothing else seems to matter to Washington, as regards West Asia. This is policy short-sightedness of an extreme kind. After all, right now West Asia could be said to be sitting on the proverbial powder keg.
On the other hand, Iran is not giving the world the impression that it is doing anything constructive to get out of the policy straitjacket that it wove for itself decades ago. Rather than enter into a policy of ‘live and let live’ in relation to Israel in particular and initiate a process of reconciliation with the latter, it has chosen to operate within policy parameters that continue to damn Israel. This has put Israel always on the ‘defensive’ so to speak and prevented the opening up of space for meaningful dialogue.
That said, Israel is obliged to explore the possibilities of entering into a negotiatory process with the Arab-Islamic world that could lead to a de-escalation of tensions and bloodshed. It cannot continue to look at its neighbours through lenses that distort them as archetypal enemies who should be ‘wiped off completely from the face of the earth.’
In other words, the need is urgent for Realpolitik to give way to value-based politicks. Italy is beginning to prove that the latter approach could be pursued with some success. May be the EU and the UK could throw their weight behind these initiatives as well and establish that international politics could be refashioned on the basis of humane, civilized norms. The UN would need to be fully supportive of these moves and prove an organizational nucleus of the operations that follow.
In fact the time is ripe for people of conscience to collectively stand up on the side of peace and say ‘No’ to war and violence. Organizations such as the ICRC, the WHO and Medicines Sans Frontiers have already taken up this call. Referring to the widespread destruction of health facilities and their dehumanizing results these organizations have said, among other things, that ‘This is not a failure of the law. It is a failure of political will.’
True, ‘failure of political will’ among those powers that matter accounts for the runaway, uncontrollable nature of war and destruction in contemporary times, but more fundamentally it is a failure of the human conscience. It could very well be that the phenomenal levels to which violence and war have been unleashed today have had the effect of deadening consciences. This is a matter for urgent study and wide discussion.
Features
Vesak celebrations … with Cuteefly
I would describe Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka as innovative and creative, and she operates under the name of Cuteefly.
Indunil always comes up with something novel to celebrate special occasions, and she does it with candles … and that’s her profession.
She was in the spotlight when she created a happening scene, with candles, for Christmas, Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Valentine’s Day.
As lanterns light up Sri Lanka for Vesak, the Colombo-based candle maker is quietly turning wax and wick into little pieces of the festival.

Candles reflecting Vesak themes
Her candles reflect Vesak themes – light, peace, remembrance, giving, etc., to enable you to fill your Vesak celebration with devotion and beauty.
Among her Vesak creations is a lotus-shaped soy candle, scented with sandalwood, lavender, etc., meant to burn during this Vesak Poya Day.

Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka: Customers
praise her for her creativity
These handcrafted Vesak candles are perfect for offering at the temple, she says.
What makes her creations so novel is that they come in different shapes, scents, themes, and all are handmade.
What’s more, her customers have heaped praise on her for her creativity.
According to Indunil, her creations are perfect as a thoughtful gift … to bring beauty, unity, and light into every moment.
Says Indunil: “Our beautifully handcrafted Unity candles are designed with premium detail and love, making them perfect for celebrations, gifts, and meaningful occasions.”
Cuteefly, says Indunil, is available online.
Readers could contact Indunil on 0778506066 for more details.
He Facebook Page is: Cuteefly.

Handmade with love
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