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Prof Malavige predicts dengue will get worse with climate change unless…

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By Rathindra Kuruwita

The impact of dengue will probably get worse due to climate change, Professor Neelika Malavige of the Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura and Head of Dengue Global Programme and Scientific Affairs, Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi) has said recently at a conference organized by DNDi in Thailand.

The conference was held in parallel to the 20th International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria (ICTMM). DNDi is a non-profit drug research and development (R&D) organization that is developing new treatments for neglected diseases like dengue.

Professor Malavige said that as the world got warmer, dengue would spread to Europe and North America. She added that dengue fever had become increasingly common in recent decades worldwide with around 390 million infections occurring each year. Climate change had been identified by WHO and other national, and international health authorities as one of the primary causes of the global spread of dengue fever and other Aedes aegypti-transmitted viral infections, she said.

“The weather has an impact on vector-borne illnesses. Rainfall and ambient temperature are referred to as macro factors that influence dengue since they directly impact Aedes aegypti population density,” Prof. Malavige said.

The population density of Aedes aegypti declines when the average temperature is lower.

“The larval development time, larval and adult survival, and duration of the gonotrophic cycle of the dengue vector are directly affected by climatic factors such as ambient temperatures, rainfall, and relative humidity. Vectors are increasing due to increasing temperature. As temperature increases the mosquitoes mature faster, giving them more time to spread the disease,” she said.

On the other hand, increasing population, lifestyle changes and uncontrolled urbanization are also reasons for the rapid global spatial spread of dengue, she said.

“Risk factors like obesity, and diabetes are also increasing among the people. Those with these diseases are more likely to suffer from more serious forms of dengue.”

Doctors and medical administrators in countries with dengue were efficient in managing the disease and this explains why the mortality is lower. However, when there was an overload of cases, the system monitoring and evaluating dengue patients for severity suffers because keeping an eye on each patients becomes an impossibility, Professor Malavige said. “There is a shift in the age of those who get infected. Earlier it was a disease that children got. Now you can find patients from all age groups,” she said.

Commenting on attempts to develop a vaccine for dengue, most recently by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Professor Malavige said that the data available looked promising. The vaccine could be soon registered in Latin America and Asia. The current data shows that it reduces hospitalization by about 80%. This is similar to the effectiveness of COVID vaccine, although long term safety data for a dengue vaccine is needed for all serotypes. However, it is unfortunate that there is not yet a designated treatment for dengue.

“Dengue is a disease of the low income countries. Infection of the developing world. Each year hundreds of millions of people are affected by dengue but there is still no treatment for it. Would we have a vaccine so fast if COVID too was a disease of the low income countries? The amount of research done on COVID for the last two years is immense. Not even 10% of the research volume has been directed for dengue. There are not enough funds for dengue research. Global North has done some research but the researchers are far away from the disease. The perspective will be different if they too had to live with dengue,” she said.

Dr. Isabela Ribeiro, Viral Diseases Cluster Director, DNDi said that countries of the Global South must cooperate with each other to find a cure for dengue. There are a number of pharmaceutical powerhouses in the Global South and they can work together to find a cure, she said.

“The World Health Organization’s (WHO) report on neglected tropical diseases, ‘A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030’ does not mention a treatment for dengue. Their focus is on vaccines and vector control,” she said.

Meanwhile, Jean-Michel Piedagnel, South-East Asia Director, DNDi said that while taking steps to prevent dengue, from vector control to using mosquito repellant was important, it should not be allowed to mask the fact that there was no treatment.

“There is no treatment because there is not enough funding. We must not forget that. Each year hundreds of millions are affected by dengue. They deserve treatment,” he said.



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Merchant Shipping Secretariat probes bribery scandal

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Cement carrier Sensho

… bribe giver departs Colombo port

The Merchant Shipping Secretariat (MSS) is investigating a complaint received from the Captain of an Indonesian flagged vessel Sensho that he had to pay an official USD 5,000 bribe to facilitate what our sources called port state control inspection.

Sources said that the cement carrier arrived at the Colombo Port, on Friday, and departed after having passed the rigorous inspection. Responding to queries, sources said that after paying the bribe, the vessel’s Captain has lodged complaints with MSS and the Commission to Investigate Allegation of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC).

In spite of the government’s high profile anti-corruption drive there seemed to be fresh cases, sources said, adding that MSS had received a comprehensive complaint. The vessel had departed Colombo for Jeddah, sources said.

“The issue at hand is whether there have been unreported cases of MSS personnel receiving bribes,” sources said, acknowledging that the Captain, instead of immediately bringing the demand for USD 5,000 bribe to the MSS, had paid it and departed Colombo. (SF)

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Theft of USD 2.5 mn: Dinana Dakuna claims COPF trying to protect mastermind

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An opposition political group, styled as Dinana Dakuna, has accused the Committee of Public Finance (COPF) of protecting the masterminds behind the USD 2.5 mn theft from the Treasury.

Commenting on the recent COPF report on the theft, the group has alleged that the all-party parliamentary grouping made an attempt to shift the blame to the Central Bank as part of a cover-up. It has described the COPF report as a deliberate attempt to suppress the truth.

The group said that the COPF conveniently asserted that the theft took place due to the inexperience of officers concerned, thereby diverting the attention from those who perpetrated it.

An alleged attempt to portray the collapse of the administrative set-up that led to the USD 2.5 mn theft as a human resource problem, has also been questioned by Dinana Dakuna.

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COPF chief slams security sticker scam

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Harsha

The country was losing so much revenue due to the controversial liquor bottle security sticker scam that if tangible measures were taken to stop the fraud, they could fund about eight projects on the scale of the Suwaseriya ambulance service, Chairman of the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) and Colombo District MP Dr. Harsha de Silva said on Saturday.

Addressing the media in Colombo, Dr. de Silva described the security sticker, introduced for alcoholic beverages, as a “major scam” and called on the government to act responsibly when the current tender is renewed in 2027.

The former State Minister said the security sticker system had originally been introduced with the legitimate objective of improving tax compliance and preventing excise duty evasion in the liquor industry. However, he alleged that the manner in which the programme is currently being implemented was resulting in significant losses to the State.

According to Dr. de Silva, the government pays an Indian company US$8 for the digital printing of every 1,000 security stickers, although the actual cost of printing the same quantity is only about 12 US cents.

“The money being lost through this scheme is sufficient to finance around eight Suwaseriya-type projects,” he said, highlighting, what he described as, the excessive cost burden borne by the State.

Dr. de Silva noted that the high taxes imposed on alcoholic beverages had created incentives for manufacturers, distributors and liquor outlet owners to evade taxes, making a security sticker mechanism a necessary regulatory tool.

He said the proposal to introduce security stickers was first put forward during the Yahapalana administration in 2016.

The tender process commenced in 2017, was concluded in 2018 and the system was eventually implemented in 2023. The COPF Chairman said his Committee had recently undertaken an extensive review of excise revenue and the operation of the security sticker programme.

During the inquiry, it emerged that the Excise Department still lacked a computerised system capable of recording and managing data, related to the stickers, despite their importance to government revenue collection.

Dr. de Silva further said that Excise Department officials, who appeared before the Committee on Public Finance, had maintained that no fraud was taking place in relation to the sticker programme.

However, he expressed concern over the subsequent seizure of a stock of security stickers, in Malabe, only days after those assurances had been given.

He questioned whether stickers recovered during raids were genuine labels, legally obtained from the authorised supplier, or counterfeit versions, printed illegally, arguing that either possibility pointed to serious shortcomings in a system intended to guarantee security and traceability.

Dr. de Silva also referred to media reports concerning the company awarded the security sticker tender and allegations of fraudulent activities linked to the firm in several other countries.

He urged authorities to ensure greater transparency and accountability in the management of the programme and to carefully scrutinise the tender process when it comes up for renewal next year.

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