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NASA: Deadly blooms in the Gulf of Mannar

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For the past four years, water in the Gulf of Mannar has turned bright green in September and October as the population of a single-celled phytoplankton called Noctiluca scintillans soared. These large blooms of the marine dinoflagellates glow a spectacular shade of blue at night, but their presence can have deadly consequences for marine life by soaking up all the oxygen in the water and causing hypoxia and dead zones, said a report by NASA yesterday.

That’s what was happening on September 23, 2022, when the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI) on Landsat 9 captured this image of whorls of N. scintillans discoloring waters in northern Sri Lanka and southern India near the Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve. The shallow water in this area normally teems with coral, reef fish, sea turtles, dolphins, dugong, and other marine life. But during N. scintillans outbreaks, fish carcasses line beaches and dead coral skeletons transform reefs.

“We saw particularly severe coral mortality and fish kill in 2019, but it happened in 2021 and 2022 as well,” explained Diraviya Raj, a researcher at the Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute in Tamil Nadu, India, and the lead author of a 2020 study about N. scintillans blooms in the Gulf of Mannar. “The 2020 bloom was short and did not harm corals, but the 2021 and 2022 events each lasted for two months, covered large areas, and caused severe damage.”

The earliest reports of N. scintillans blooms causing fish kills in the Gulf of Mannar date back to 1935, with occasional reports of the phenomenon in subsequent decades. However, the regularity and intensity of the blooms since 2019 seem to be something new. “We suspect that climate change has made the N. scintillans bloom an annual occurrence,” Raj said. “The water temperature level has been more than 30°Celsius (86°Fahrenheit) during the blooms, which is unusually high for the Gulf of Mannar in September-October.”

Living staghorn corals are brightly colored, while the dead corals in the photograph above—taken on November 17, 2021, near Manauli Island—had turned white and were covered with algal debris about a month after the bloom started to affect them. Fast-growing corals species such as Acropora, Montipora, and Pocillopora are the most vulnerable to N. scintillans blooms because they require the most oxygen to thrive.

Lines of dead fish, like those shown below, covered beaches on the islands of the Gulf of Mannar and the mainland near Mandapams and Keelakarai when the photo was taken on October 13, 2021. By analyzing water samples, Raj and colleagues confirmed that oxygen-depleted water triggered by the N. scintillans bloom was the cause of the fish kills and coral deaths.

Another team of researchers from the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute in Mandapam Camp and the Indian Space Research Organization tracking the blooms found that 38 genera of fish were affected by the 2019 bloom and 43 genera by the 2021 bloom. Among them were parrotfish, rabbitfish, pufferfish, lesser sardines, needlefish, and tarpons, they noted in a study published in March 2023.

The 2021 bloom also killed large numbers of animals being raised in finfish farms, explained Ramesh Kumar, the lead author of the study. However, the team thinks it may soon be possible to warn fish farmers of N. scintillans blooms in advance, using improved satellite mapping abilities and new modeling techniques. That may allow farmers to harvest fish before blooms spread to coastal areas and cause widespread damage.



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Steps will be taken to implement a new National Youth Policy in Sri Lanka in the first quarter of 2027 – PM

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Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya stated that the new National Youth Policy, being formulated to address the current challenges faced by Sri Lanka’s youth and fulfill their aspirations for the future, is scheduled to be finalised and implemented by the first quarter of 2027.

The Prime Minister made these remarks on Wednesday [September 16], while addressing the 1st National Research Symposium on Youth Development – NRSYD 2026, jointly organised by the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL) and the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, held at the Water Supply and Drainage Board Auditorium in Ratmalana.

The symposium was held under the theme, ​“Young People as Right Holders and Change-Makers: Asset-based Pathways for Social Transformation.” Research papers are being presented under nine key thematic areas.

These areas include youth empowerment and leadership; education, vocational training and skills development; health, mental well-being and nutrition; youth entrepreneurship and economic participation; technology, digitalisation and innovation; climate change and sustainable development; minorities, social integration and the rule of law; youth migration and international relations; and arts, culture and creative expression.

The official publication of the symposium was presented to Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya and other distinguished guests by Deputy Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Dinindu Saman Hennayake and Secretary to the Ministry A.M.H.U. Aruna Bandara.

Speaking at the event, Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya sated:

“Although a draft National Youth Policy was prepared in 2014, it was not implemented. Therefore, a new policy is currently being formulated with the participation of all stakeholders, taking into consideration the current changes in technology, the economy and the employment market.

Under the Government’s Public Investment Programme, Rs. 145 million has been allocated for research and development activities in the youth and sports sectors. Rs. 5 million has been allocated for this symposium. This allocation is a good beginning. It clearly demonstrates the seriousness with which we view evidence-based policymaking.

In the face of technological advancement and digitalisation, providing young people with academic knowledge alone is not sufficient. It is essential to equip them with practical, technical and vocational skills alongside knowledge. For this purpose, curricula within the existing education system must be updated in line with new technologies and global demand.

As for the Government, youth development is a cross-cutting issue that concerns all sectors. Our intention is to establish a unified policy framework that can provide guidelines and recommendations to address the challenges faced by young people in a scientific and sustainable manner.

Formulating a policy is only the beginning. The success of the National Youth Policy will depend on its implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Our objective should be to develop young people who are resilient and capable of facing changes, while also enabling them to become a generation that leads positive changes taking place in the world”.

The Prime Minister further stated that there is a proposal to hold the research symposium as an international conference next year, which would provide Sri Lankan researchers with significant opportunities to establish connections at regional and international levels.

The occasion was attended by the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Sunil Kumara Gamage, Vice Chancellor of the Open University of Sri Lanka Senior Professor P.M.C. Thilakarathne, along with a large number of researchers, academics and young people.

[Prime Minister’s Media Division]

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US embassy won’t comment on IGP’s probe into joint drug raid

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Drugs taken into custody (pic courtesy US Embassy)

… America-Pakistan developed required ‘intel’ for operation

By Shamindra Ferdinando

The US Embassy in Colombo declined to comment on a special police probe into the recent narcotics detection, jointly made at the China-managed Colombo International Container Terminal (CICT) by the US Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) New Delhi Country Office and Sri Lanka Police..

US Embassy spokesperson said that the mission wouldn’t add to their press release, issued on 2 Sept., in the immediate aftermath of the raid.

Police Headquarters, on 11 Sept., declared that the Central Crime Investigation Bureau (CCIB) was conducting investigations into the recovery of 473 kg of Crystal Methamphetamine (‘Ice’). Police never acknowledged the role played by the US in the operation.

According to Police Headquarters, on a directive given by IGP Priyantha Weerasooriya, the Special Investigation Unit has launched an internal probe into, what it called, shortcomings and irregularities in the Colombo Port raid.

The Island:

Have you (relevant US authorities) received an update of Sri Lanka’s investigations from the Police?

US Embassy:

U.S. and Sri Lankan law enforcement authorities maintain close and ongoing cooperation on counternarcotics matters, including the exchange of information that helps both countries combat transnational drug trafficking. We don’t have anything further to share on communications with Sri Lankan authorities beyond what we’ve already said publicly about the successful operation.

The Island:

Did the Police seek clarification regarding DEA, New Delhi Country Office role in the successful raid?

US Embassy:

As the Embassy noted publicly following the seizure, cooperation with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration contributed to the Sri Lanka Police Narcotics Bureau’s successful seizure of approximately 463 kilograms of methamphetamine at the Port of Colombo.

The seizure demonstrates the value of close U.S.-Sri Lankan cooperation in disrupting transnational narcotics trafficking.

The Island:

Before we raised this issue were you aware of the internal investigation into the drug bust which was also raised in Parliament last week?

The US Embassy:

We don’t have anything further to share beyond what we’ve already said publicly about the successful operation.

Our focus remains on the strong U.S.-Sri Lanka law enforcement partnership and the concrete results our cooperation can deliver—disrupting transnational criminal organisations, cutting off the profits that fuel illicit drug trafficking, and protecting our citizens from the dangers of narcotrafficking.

The US Embassy attributed the success of the counternarcotics operation to the US-Sri Lanka partnership

The US Embassy statement, dated 2 Sept: The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) New Delhi Country Office and Sri Lanka’s Police Narcotics Bureau (PNB) conducted a successful joint operation disrupting a Pakistan-based narcotrafficking network attempting to smuggle crystal methamphetamine through Sri Lanka to international markets.

Acting on intelligence developed by DEA’s Foreign Counterparts Unit Pakistan Anti-Narcotics Force Special Investigations Cell between August 14–29 on suspicious maritime containers moving from Pakistan to Colombo, PNB seized approximately 463 kg of crystal methamphetamine with a street value of $21 million, concealed in bath towels, and arrested several suspects, including Pakistani nationals. This operation underscores the strength of the U.S.-Sri Lanka partnership in dismantling transnational criminal organisations that fund terrorism and threaten communities in both our countries. This cooperation builds on long-standing training and technical assistance provided through the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) to the Sri Lanka Police and Customs. The United States remains committed to working with Sri Lanka and regional partners to aggressively pursue transnational criminal organizations, deny them the revenue from illicit drug trafficking, and protect our citizens from the dangers of narcotrafficking.”

SLPP National Organiser Namal Rajapaksa, in Parliament, raised questions about the internal investigation into the raid. However, Rajapaksa, too, hasn’t mentioned the US role in the operation. The Special Investigation Unit has recorded a statement from Senior DIG Ranmal Kodituwakku regarding the Colombo Port raid.

MP Rajapaksa questioned the rationale behind questioning the officer who led the raid against the backdrop of controversial releasing of 323 containers from the Colombo Port in January 2025. The failure to question those responsible for the releasing of 323 containers indicated who was behind that operation, MP Rajapaksa told Parliament.

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Gnanasara Thera declares outside High Court that he wouldn’t flee

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Gnanasara Thera

Bodu Bala Sena (BBS) General Secretary Ven. Galagodaaththe Gnanasara Thera appeared before the Colombo High Court yesterday in a case filed by the Attorney General over statements allegedly insulting Islam.

The case was taken up before Colombo High Court Judge Buddhika C. Ragala, who ordered that it be called again on September 30.

His appearance came six days after the Supreme Court invalidated the presidential pardon granted to Gnanasara Thera by former President Maithripala Sirisena in 2019.

Speaking to journalists outside the court, Gnanasara Thera said he was prepared to face the legal process and would abide by the law, rejecting reports that he had gone into hiding following the Supreme Court judgment.

“It is the weak who disappear and flee. We worked for the country and are facing the consequences for that. We are not afraid and will not flee,” he said, noting that he would surrender to the court and face whatever legal consequences following the Supreme Court decision.

The Supreme Court, on September 10, ruled that the presidential pardon granted to Gnanasara Thera by Sirisena was invalid. The judgment followed fundamental rights petitions challenging the legality of the pardon. A three-judge bench, comprising Justices Janak de Silva, Sobhitha Rajakaruna and Sampath Abeykoon, delivered the ruling.

Gnanasara Thera was convicted by the Court of Appeal in 2018 for contempt of court and sentenced to a total of 19 years’ imprisonment to run concurrently as six years. The conviction related to his conduct during proceedings at the Homagama Magistrate’s Court concerning the disappearance of Prageeth Eknaligoda.

He was released from Welikada Prison on May 23, 2019, after then President Maithripala Sirisena had granted him a presidential pardon.

The Supreme Court found the pardon to be arbitrary and invalid in law, following its consideration of the petitions challenging the exercise of the presidential power of clemency.

Meanwhile, police have said they are awaiting the Supreme Court judgment before determining what further action should be taken following the invalidation of the pardon.

The proceedings before the Colombo High Court yesterday are separate from the contempt of court case that resulted in the six-year sentence. They concern alleged statements made by Gnanasara Thera regarding Islam.

In June this year, the Colombo High Court rejected an appeal by Gnanasara Thera against a nine-month prison sentence imposed by the Colombo Magistrate’s Court in connection with statements made at a 2016 media briefing that were found to have disrupted religious coexistence.

The latest High Court proceedings, therefore, form part of separate legal action concerning his alleged remarks about Islam, while the Supreme Court ruling relates specifically to the legality of the 2019 presidential pardon granted in connection with his contempt of court conviction.

The case before the Colombo High Court will be called again on September 30.

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