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Most help to colonial Ceylon from Christian Missionaries

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Two weeks ago I wrote in this column about six Britishers

and an American who joined the struggle for Independence in India, most of them coming under the influence of the Mahatma. Titling my article Western Rebels in the Indian Independence Struggle I quoted from an article by Amrit Roy on the historian Ramachandra Guha who received the highly regarded Elizabeth Longford Prize for Historical Biography set me wondering whether Westerners, or more specifically British civil servants, had helped us to gain our independence from their colonial rule.

Googled and drew next to nothing. Much more productively I asked a historian and an ex top government officer with UN experience who is a source of facts on local history. They said there were no outstanding persons who were traitorous to colonial rule. But they both stated that the country needed to be grateful to some of the Commissions that the British rulers dispatched to our land from the Colonial Office in London.

It would be great if readers could add to the subject by writing about British colonial officers who helped the country. Leonard Woolf got disgruntled with Brit rule much after he served as Civil Servant in Ceylon in the first decade of the 20th century. First bit of information I ferreted out was that one powerful sympathizer was Lord Louis Mountbatten who was here during the latter stages of WW II as SEAC Commander. “His dispatches and a telegram to the colonial office supporting independence for Ceylon have been cited by historians as having helped the Senanayake government to secure the independence of the country.”

One of the two I asked questions from said that the Donoughmore Commission which was responsible for the creation of the Donoughmore Constitution – 1931 to 1947 – helped the country much to get out of the yoke of British rule. The Commission was led by Rt. Hon. the Earl of Donoughmore, PC, (not much more available on him in Internet) and had four British parliamentarians appointed by Sydney Webb, the first Labour Secretary of State for the Colonies.

“Their task was to draft a new constitution that would satisfy the aspirations of all groups within the Island, including British plantation owners, but also enable Ceylon to take its place as a partner in the socialist British empire that Webb envisioned. In 1931 there were approximately 12% Ceylonese Tamils, 12% Indian Tamils,65% Sinhalese and 3% Ceylon Moors, The British government had introduced a form of communal representation with a strong Tamil representation, out of proportion to the Tamil community. The Sinhalese were divided into the up-country and low-country groups.”

The Donoughmore Commissioners arrived in Ceylon in 1927, held 34 sittings. Their most valued recommendation was granting of suffrage to all women aged 21 and above. This was at a time when British suffragettes were still fighting to have the voting age lowered from 28. This granting of the right to vote to all women was not received favourably by all Ceylonese; conservative Tamils not wanting women of the non-Vellala castes being included. This objection was eliminated.

Also, “having noted that the island was riven by power struggles between competing ethnic groups, it devised a system of executive committees that would control all government departments. It rejected the principle of communal representation. The Sinhala conservatives were skeptical and they worked to replace DCs by a cabinet model. This happened in 1947 when the Soulbury Constitution replaced the earlier constitution which ushered independence the following year.”

Hence we see that the Donoughmore Commission helped the country with universal suffrage and education being insisted upon.

Missionaries as benefactors

A conclusion reached by both my informants was that Ceylon was helped most by the missionaries who arrived in the island. Many of them did not come merely to convert the people to their different Christian denominations. When they stayed for some time, they would have been struck by the civility of the people and their cultural level. Hence no treating us as natives to be civilized and no patronage by most of them and no inducing restrictions by insisting on Mother Hubbard dress for women.

Their principal benefit to the people was education in English and more by example than preaching, inculcating certain positives of western behavior. They also encouraged wider access to education whether in English or the native languages. I well remember there was an officer who went around the villages checking on children’s attendance in schools – iskola opisara; compulsory education up to the age of 14 was introduced in soon before and after independence.

None of the missionaries tried changing the culture of the country, whether Tamil or Sinhalese; most appreciated it and positively encouraged its retention in the schools they headed. One instance I clearly remember is of Miss Ruth Allen, Irish Principal – the last of them that Girls’ High School, Kandy, had before the post went to a local educationist – showing her preference for cultural norms of then.

She was to select a little girl to hand over the bouquet to the wife of the Chief Guest at the annual Prize Day. She selected a little one dressed in Kandyan half sari from many who were in elaborate white dresses. Miss Allen would visit homes of her pupils and I know she approved of Mother’s conservative upbringing of my elder sisters, dressed in half sari to school.

Both of those I consulted brought forward an outstanding missionary who influenced the students and teachers of Richmond College, Galle – Rev W J T Small – longest serving Headmaster and devoted to the College and the community. Born 1883 in Boston, Lincolnshire, England, he joined the Methodist Mission after graduation from Cambridge. He was appointed Head of Richmond in 1906 and taught science, math, Christianity. He was a sportsman and disciplinarian and lived very simple.

He served the school till 1922 and then till 1953 in other countries. He devoted much time for the welfare of the community he and the school were within. His love of this adopted home was so strong that he returned in 1956 and lived on Richmond Hill till his death on December 28, 1978, aged 95. He was buried in the Dadalla Cemetery.

Another British missionary who came over was Walter Stanley Senior (1876 – 1938), English scholar, graduate of Balliol College, Oxford University; poet and member of the Church Missionary Society. He was recruited to the tutorial staff of Trinity College in 1906. He was soon appointed Vice Principal and served in that capacity for a decade. Popularly known as the Bard of Lanka, his poems are still popular, most of them in praise of Ceylon.

An interesting tidbit I read was that he officiated at the marriage of George E de Silva to Agnes Nell in St Paul’s Church, Kandy, in 1909. Later he was appointed Registrar of University College, Colombo, and lecturer in Classics. Never of robust health, he returned for a holiday in England 1936., and died two years later.

A letter to a friend has him writing his wish: “The idea has come to me that I should like my ashes – for I contemplate cremation rather than burial – to be interred in St Andrew’s Churchyard, Haputale.” This was fulfilled. “His gravestone is a testament to his life, bearing the plain legend He loved Ceylon preceded by the opening lines of his poem “Lanka from Piduruthalgala”

‘Here I stand in spirit,/ As in body once I stood, long years ago,

In love with all the land./ This peerless land of beauty’s plentitude.

I end by quoting familiar lines of his best known, much admired The Call of Lanka

I climbed o’er the crags of Lanka
And gazed on her golden sea,
And out from her ancient places
Her soul came forth to me….

Senior praises Lanka’s ancient sites and places and ends thus:

“But most shall he sing of Lanka

In the brave new days that come,
When the races all are blended
And the voice of strife is dumb”

What a conclusion of hope; so willfully torn to shreds by our own people.



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Features

Cricket and the National Interest

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The appointment of former minister Eran Wickremaratne to chair the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee is significant for more than the future of cricket. It signals a possible shift in the culture of governance even as it offers Sri Lankan cricket a fighting possibility to get out of the doldrums of failure. There have been glorious patches for the national cricket team since the epochal 1996 World Cup triumph. But these patches of brightness have been few and far between and virtually non-existent over the past decade. At the centre of this disaster has been the failures of governance within Sri Lanka Cricket which are not unlike the larger failures of governance within the country itself. The appointment of a new reform oriented committee therefore carries significance beyond cricket. It reflects the wider challenge facing the country which is to restore trust in public institutions for better management.

The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne brings a professional administrator with a proven track record into the cricket arena. He has several strengths that many of his immediate predecessors lacked. Before the ascent of the present government leadership to positions of power, Eran Wickremaratne was among the handful of government ministers who did not have allegations of corruption attached to their names. His reputation for financial professionalism and integrity has remained intact over many years in public life. With him in the Cricket Transformation Committee are also respected former cricketers Kumar Sangakkara, Roshan Mahanama and Sidath Wettimuny together with professionals from legal and business backgrounds. They have been tasked with introducing structural reforms and improving transparency and accountability within cricket administration.

A second reason for this appointment to be significant is that this is possibly the first occasion on which the NPP government has reached out to someone associated with the opposition to obtain assistance in an area of national importance. The commitment to bipartisanship has been a constant demand from politically non-partisan civic groups and political analysts. They have voiced the opinion that the government needs to be more inclusive in its choice of appointments to decision making authorities. The NPP government’s practice so far has largely been to limit appointments to those within the ruling party or those considered loyalists even at the cost of proven expertise. The government’s decision in this case therefore marks a potentially important departure.

National Interest

There are areas of public life where national interest should transcend party divisions and cricket, beloved of the people, is one of them. Sri Lanka cannot afford to continue treating every institution as an arena for political competition when institutions themselves are in crisis and public confidence has become fragile. It is therefore unfortunate that when the government has moved positively in the direction of drawing on expertise from outside its own ranks there should be a negative response from sections of the opposition. This is indicative of the absence of a culture of bipartisanship even on issues that concern the national interest. The SJB, of which the newly appointed cricket committee chairman was a member objected on the grounds that politicians should not hold positions in sports administration and asked him to resign from the party. There is a need to recognise the distinction between partisan political control and the temporary use of experienced administrators to carry out reform and institutional restructuring. In other countries those in politics often join academia and civil society on a temporary basis and vice versa.

More disturbing has been the insidious campaign carried out against the new cricket committee and its chairman on the grounds of religious affiliation. This is an unacceptable denial of the reality that Sri Lanka is a plural, multi ethnic and multi religious society. The interim committee reflects this diversity to a reasonable extent. The country’s long history of ethnic conflict should have taught all political actors the dangers of mobilising communal prejudice for short term political gain. Sri Lanka paid a very heavy price for decades of mistrust and division. It would be tragic if even cricket administration became another arena for communal suspicion and hostility. The present government represents an important departure from the sectarian rhetoric that was employed by previous governments. They have repeatedly pledged to protect the equal rights of all citizens and not permit discrimination or extremism in any form.

The recent international peace march in Sri Lanka led by the Venerable Bhikkhu Thich Paññākāra from Vietnam with its message of loving kindness and mindfulness to all resonated strongly with the masses of people as seen by the crowds who thronged the roadsides to obtain blessings and show respect. This message stands in contrast to the sectarian resentment manifested by those who seek to use the cricket appointments as a weapon to attack the government at the present time. The challenges before the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee parallel the larger challenges before the government in developing the national economy and respecting ethnic and religious diversity. Plugging the leaks and restoring systems will take time and effort. It cannot be done overnight and it cannot succeed without public patience and support.

New Recognition

There is also a need for realism. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee does not guarantee success. Reforming deeply flawed institutions is always difficult. Besides, Sri Lanka is a small country with a relatively small population compared to many other cricket playing nations. It is also a country still recovering from the economic breakdown of 2022 which pushed the majority of people into hardship and severely weakened public institutions. The country continues to face unprecedented challenges including the damage caused by Cyclone Ditwah and the wider global economic uncertainties linked to conflict in the Middle East. Under these difficult circumstances Sri Lanka has fewer resources than many larger countries to devote to both cricket and economic development.

When resources are scarce they cannot be wasted through corruption or incompetence. Drawing upon the strengths of all those who are competent for the tasks at hand regardless of party affiliation or ethnic or religious identity is necessary if improvement is to come sooner rather than later. The burden of rebuilding the country cannot rest only on the government. The crisis facing the country is too deep for any single party or government to solve alone. National recovery requires capable individuals from across society and from different sectors such as business and civil society to work together in areas where the national interest transcends party politics. There is also a responsibility on opposition political parties to support initiatives that are politically neutral and genuinely in the national interest. Not every issue needs to become a partisan battle.

Sri Lanka cricket occupies a special place in the national consciousness. At its best it once united the country and gave Sri Lankans a sense of pride and international recognition. Restoring integrity and professionalism to cricket administration can therefore become part of the larger task of national renewal. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee, while it does not guarantee success, is a sign that the political leadership and people of the country may be beginning to mature in their approach to governance. In recognising the need for competence, integrity and bipartisan cooperation and extending it beyond cricket into other areas of national life, Sri Lanka may find the way towards more stable and successful governance..

by Jehan Perera

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From Dhaka to Sri Lanka, three wheels that drive our economies

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Court vacation this year came with an unexpected lesson, not from a courtroom but from the streets of Dhaka — a city that moves, quite literally, on three wheels.

Above the traffic, a modern metro line glides past concrete pillars and crowded rooftops. It is efficient, clean and frequently cited as a symbol of progress in Bangladesh. For a visitor from Sri Lanka, it inevitably brings to mind our own abandoned light rail plans — a project debated, politicised and ultimately set aside.

But Dhaka’s real story is not in the air. It is on the ground.

Beneath the elevated tracks, the streets belong to three-wheelers. Known locally as CNGs, they cluster at junctions, line the edges of markets and pour into narrow roads that larger vehicles avoid. Even with a functioning rail system, these three-wheelers remain the city’s most dependable form of everyday transport.

Within hours of arriving, their importance becomes obvious. The train may take you across the city, but the journey does not end there. The last mile — often the most complicated part — belongs entirely to the three-wheeler. It is the vehicle that gets you home, to a meeting or simply through streets that no bus route properly serves.

There is a rhythm to using them. A destination is mentioned, a price is suggested and a brief negotiation follows. Then the ride begins, edging into traffic that feels permanently compressed. Drivers move with instinct, adjusting routes and squeezing through gaps with a confidence built over years.

It is not polished. But it works.

And that is where the comparison with Sri Lanka becomes less about what we lack and more about what we already have.

Back home, the three-wheeler has long been part of daily life — so familiar that it is often discussed only in terms of its problems. There are frequent complaints about fares, refusals or the absence of meters. More recently, the industry itself has become entangled in politics — from fuel subsidies to regulatory debates, from election-time promises to periodic crackdowns.

In that process, the conversation has shifted. The three-wheeler is often treated as a problem to be managed, rather than a service to be strengthened.

Yet, seen through the experience of Dhaka, Sri Lanka’s system begins to look far more settled — and, in many ways, ahead.

There is a growing structure in place. Meters, while not perfect, are widely recognised. Ride-hailing apps have added transparency and reduced uncertainty for passengers. There are clearer expectations on both sides — driver and commuter alike. Even small details, such as designated parking areas in parts of Colombo or the increasing standard of vehicles, point to an industry slowly moving towards professionalism.

Just as importantly, there is a human element that remains intact.

In Sri Lanka, a three-wheeler ride is rarely just a transaction. Drivers talk. They offer directions, comment on the day’s news, or share local knowledge. The ride becomes part of the social fabric, not just a means of getting from one point to another.

In Dhaka, the scale of the city leaves less room for that. The interaction is quicker, more direct, shaped by urgency. The service is essential, but it is under constant pressure.

What stands out, across both countries, is that the three-wheeler is not a temporary or outdated mode of transport. It is a necessity in dense, fast-growing Asian cities — one that fills gaps no rail or bus system can fully address.

Large infrastructure projects, like light rail, are important. They bring efficiency and long-term capacity. But they cannot replace the flexibility of a three-wheeler. They cannot reach into narrow streets, respond instantly to demand or provide that crucial last-mile connection.

That is why, even in a city that has invested heavily in modern rail, Dhaka still runs on three wheels.

For Sri Lanka, the lesson is not simply about what could have been built, but about what should be better managed and valued.

The three-wheeler industry does not need to be politicised at every turn. It needs steady regulation — clear fare systems, proper licensing, safety standards — alongside encouragement and recognition. It needs to be seen as part of the solution to urban transport, not as a side issue.

Because for thousands of drivers, it is a livelihood. And for millions of passengers, it is the most immediate and reliable form of mobility.

The tuk-tuk may not feature in grand policy speeches or infrastructure blueprints. It does not run on elevated tracks or attract international attention. But on the ground, where daily life unfolds, it continues to do what larger systems often struggle to do — show up, adapt and keep moving.

And after watching Dhaka’s streets — crowded, relentless, yet functioning — that small, three-wheeled vehicle feels less like something to argue over and more like something to get right.

(The writer is an Attorney-at-Law with over a decade of experience specialising in civil law, a former Board Member of the Office of Missing Persons and a former Legal Director of the Central Cultural Fund. He holds an LLM in International Business Law)

 

by Sampath Perera recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh 

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Dubai scene … opening up

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Seven Notes: Operating in Dubai

According to reports coming my way, the entertainment scene, in Dubai, is very much opening up, and buzzing again!

After a quieter few months, May is packed with entertainment and the whole scene, they say, is shifting back into full swing.

The Seven Notes band, made up of Sri Lankans, based in Dubai, are back in the spotlight, after a short hiatus, due to the ongoing Middle East problems.

On 18th April they did Legends Night at Mercure Hotel Dubai Barsha Heights; on Thursday, 9th May, they will be at the Sports Bar of the Mercure Hotel for 70s/80s Retro Night; on 6th June, they will be at Al Jadaf Dubai to provide the music for Sandun Perera live in concert … and with more dates to follow.

These events are expected to showcase the band’s evolving sound, tighter stage coordination, and stronger audience engagement.

With each performance, the band aims to refine its identity and build a loyal following within Dubai’s vibrant nightlife and event scene.

Pasindu Umayanga: The group’s new vocalist

What makes Seven Notes standout is their versatility which has made the band a dynamic and promising act.

With a growing performance calendar, new talent integration, and international ambitions, the band is definitely entering a defining phase of its journey.

Dubai’s music industry, I’m told, thrives on diversity, energy, and audience connection, with live bands playing a crucial role in elevating events—from corporate shows to private concerts. Against this backdrop, Seven Notes is positioning itself not just as another band, but as a performance-driven musical unit focused on consistency and growth.

Adding fresh momentum to the group is Pasindu Umayanga who joins Seven Notes as their new vocalist. This move signals a strategic upgrade—not just filling a role, but strengthening the band’s front-line presence.

Looking beyond local stages, Seven Notes is preparing for an international tour, to Korea, in July.

Bassist Niluk Uswaththa: Spokesperson for Seven Notes

According to bassist Niluk Uswaththa, taking a band abroad means: Your sound must hold up against unfamiliar audiences, your performance must translate beyond language, and your discipline must be at a professional level.

“If executed well, this tour could redefine Seven Notes from a local band into an emerging international act,” added Niluk.

He went on to say that Dubai is not an easy market. It’s saturated with highly experienced, multi-genre bands that can adapt instantly to any crowd.

“To stand out consistently you need to have tight rehearsal discipline, unique sound identity (not just covers), strong stage chemistry, audience retention – not just applause.”

No doubt, Seven Notes is entering a critical growth phase—new member, multiple shows, and an international tour on the horizon. The opportunity is real, but so is the pressure.

However, there is talk that Seven Notes will soon be a recognised name in the regional music scene.

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