Connect with us

Features

Getting Community Based Rehabilitation started in rural Botswana

Published

on

(Excerpted from Memories that Linger: My journey in the Word f Disability by Padmani Mendis)

The first group we visited wished to go together to the home of Ntchadi. Before we went to her home, the FWEs (Family Welfare Educators) told me that she had difficulty moving from place to place. She was about 10 years old. They said they wished they could do something for her. She had a very large head. She could not stand up because, they thought, she could not carry the weight of her head. I could see that she had hydrocephalus.

We visited Ntchadi’s home and were invited to sit on the bench outside the door. All the homes in the villages of Botswana were round mud huts. All the family members slept on mats which they would spread out on the floor at night. It was seldom that strangers were asked inside a home. We used the space available on the bench which was always to be found outside the door, while others stood by, leaning against the house or against a post. Ntchadi came close and sat on her haunches ready to join the conversation.

We talked with the mother about all her children until we came to Ntchadi. Her mother told us that Ntchadi wanted to go school. We asked Ntchadi whether she did and why, what she would do at school, did she have any friends and so on. She replied hesitantly and shyly. The mother added that Ntchadi stood at the fence to watch with a sad face as her brothers and sisters left for school. She would stand at the fence later when they were due back.

Ethel asked the group what we should do. “Shall we go and ask the school principal?” SSO (Social Servce Officer) Chele suggested. We asked Ntchadi and her mother whether they would like to do that. “But how can she go to school?” the mother asked. I stepped in say let’s go and ask the principal as Chele suggested.

It turned out the school was just opposite Ntchadi’s home. Chele went across, met the principal and asked him if he could meet us. We all walked across in a group to the school. The school was also made of small mud buildings. The principal, looking pleasant and stern at the same time, said first that he did not know that Ntchadi wanted to come to his school. He said now that he knew she did, of course she could.

At which Ntchadi’s face broke into a smile. SSO Joyce had questions. But how could she get here and back? What if she wanted to use the toilet? The principal replied that he had a wheelbarrow, and would ask children to take turns to fetch Ntchadi and take her back. And if she needed to use the toilet, someone will take her home in the wheelbarrow, he said.

There was a single neurosurgical specialist at the General Hospital in Gaborone, and a single physiotherapist. Where is the access to hospitals, specialised medical treatment and rehabilitation in countries such as these? Were these FWEs then delivering a cheap, low-cost service? Was this improving the quality of life of a child or not? Was this the medical model of rehabilitation? Or was it a developmental model? A rights-based model? Equal access to all or to the privileged few? To whatever questions critics had, this was CBR.

I heard that later the principal was a member of the Rehabilitation Committee Chele had helped their Kgotla or Village Chief to set up. Chele was happy with the interest the committee showed in their disabled people and with the support she got from them. The FWEs learned from this example that sometimes the solution lay within themselves.

Another group of FWEs took us to visit the home of three-year old Kealoboga. Ethel helped the FWEs assess her using Forms from the Manual. They found she could not sit by herself and she could not speak. They decided to teach the mother to use the Package on Play Activities to stimulate Kealoboga’s development. We went with Kealoboga and her mother to the village store and with difficulty got a cardboard box. Even a small box was a scarce resource in the village. The FWEs made some adjustments so that Kealoboga could sit in the box. They showed her mother how to speak to Kealoboga in the way that was shown in the Manual.

Not having the Manual in Setswana made it difficult for the families. Plans had already been made by Adelaide to have it translated. Funds were available, but the translation was taking a long time.

Family Welfare Educators

FWEs were the community health workers. They had a basic education, were full-time workers and came from the villages they worked in. The ones in our group of 15 were in the age group of perhaps 22 – 35 years. They were paid workers. After their field training was over, they told me they would visit the homes of the disabled members when they visited that part of the village for other reasons. In other words, they planned to integrate this task together with others they did in Primary Health Care.

And so we continued from day to day. When we needed a break for lunch we would find a bench to sit on quite close to a village store. FWEs and Ethel brought their own lunch. I would have an oil cake and a coke from the store. I disliked coke intensely, just for the brand name. But most often it was all the small store had. Home-made fresh oil cakes with coke which was probably from South Africa. That country was the source of all imports. Boy, did that white minority exploit their neighbours?

Over our lunch break the FWEs had lots of questions for me of a personal nature. One thing that seemed to fascinate many of them was my complexion. They commented on how smooth it was, and asked what I used. They were surprised when I said I used Nivea occasionally, just to prevent my skin from dryness. I was only forty years of age then. The wrinkles appeared three decades later. And the grey hairs took another decade.

The FWEs told me that most people living in Serowe were from the Bamangwato tribe. Each Motswana family had three homes. Now that they had regular jobs they themselves had to remain in Serowe all through the year. But some of their family when the rains came, had to spend time on their family lands and cultivate their fields. And then they went to the grazing areas or cattle posts to tend to their cattle. But every family was required to spend some time of the year in Serowe itself. They agreed with the chief that this was necessary to maintain tribal unity. They all spoke Setswana at home. At school they had studied in English.

Ethel Matiza

Ethel, always with a beaming smile on her face, always presenting an appearance of not having a care in the world. But there were times, and quite often too, that I caught in her eyes signs of desperation, of a deep unhappiness. In time I found out she had good reason for this. Ethel called herself a refugee from what was then Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe. Southern Rhodesia had a white minority government dominating the black majority. You may remember Ian Smith the white prime minister? The black majority were being discriminated against, segregated and exploited as they were in South Africa.

The majority were struggling for their right to govern their country. Ethel told me this struggle was becoming increasingly violent. Her husband was actively involved in the struggle and his whole family was in danger of persecution. So much so her family believed it was safer for them to take refuge in Botswana. She was here with her parents and two children. Her husband continued to be a leader in the freedom movement. She was very afraid for him. This is the unhappiness, the desperation that I was seeing in her eyes. She told me that she thought their struggle would soon be over, but she still worried.

I heard early the following year that Zimbabwe finally gained its independence from Britain. It was of course world news. I was happy that Ethel could return home with her family and be safe with her husband. I knew at the same time that her going home will be a loss to the disabled people in Serowe, and indeed to Botswana. She was a dedicated worker with immense potential. She too, believed that CBR was the way forward.

The Serowe Hotel

The Serowe Hotel was situated on the Serowe-Palapye Road. The latter was then an important junction for both road and train travel. The distance between Palapye and Serowe was almost fifty kilometres. The road had been built only over ten years ago, so development alongside was recent. The Serowe Hotel was situated just inside the outer boundary of Serowe. From its appearance one would not have thought that it had been built within the last decade.

The hotel was a very small building. Two bedrooms for guests with a common bath and toilet, a small hall cum dining area, kitchen and a room for the manager. I was told that this had been built for travelling salesmen and the like. But in my three months, there were no other residential guests so I had the bath and toilet to myself.

No residential guests, but plenty of others. Every evening the hotel was filled with the male gender and loud noise. Much like the English pubs, they gathered here for beer, company and conversation. As the evening moved on many were intoxicated, plain drunk.

Given the way the hotel was used, after work I confined myself to my room. It was still spring and very cold. I had a single-bar electric heater in my room. Electricity was provided by the Council via generators which operated for two to three hours between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. How long I could use my heater depended on how much diesel the Council had that day.

Before light fell, I was in the habit of sitting outside – one could not call it a garden, rather the space between the hotel and the road. This was to catch as much of the sun’s warmth as I could. To do this, I sat in a chair with a book, and while the shadow moved forward with the receding sun, I moved my chair and myself with the decreasing but still available sunlight. This made me a little bit warmer.

Serowe got its water from boreholes located around the village. Water was rationed and supplied to consumers from these sites. The hotel had its rationed supply stored in their own tank. As is to be expected in a supply chain, the water made available to me by the hotel had also to be rationed. Every morning and evening I was given a basin of water.

I requested that I be given less in the morning and more in the evening.

With the basin I was given in the evening, I had my bath. Nalin still asks me how I did it – and my reply is, there was no choice, I just had to. After a day out on dirt roads, walking from house to house in a village one returned hot and dusty. I used a small towel, soaked it, washed the dust off my body, applied soap, and washed that off again with the flannel soaked in clean water. Finally, with the water that was left, I washed my hair. Necessity is indeed the mother of invention.

Meals at the Serowe Hotel

For dinner every night I had a treat – steak. Cattle-rearing is the main occupation of the Motswana. The daily meal of the people was beef with porridge, and so was mine. Only the preparation was different. In the villages they usually cooked it all in one pot – the beef and the grain, like a stew. Sometimes the grain was cooked separately and made into porridge. The grain was either sorghum or millet which they grew in their fields.

The cattle were reared on their family grazing land. The porridge I had for breakfast. For dinner the hotel gave me a choice cut of beef made into a steak, served usually with porridge. Or as an occasional treat, potatoes when they had a supply from South Africa.

From Serowe to Brazzaville

While I was in Serowe I received an urgent message from WHO, Geneva that I should go to Brazzaville to participate as a resource at the Consultation of Directors of Rehabilitation Centres in the African Region. The consultation was to be held from October 8 -12. It was organised by the WHO African Regional Office (AFRO). Gunnel and I were asked to present two papers. One on “A Community-Based Approach to Rehabilitation” and the second on “Manpower Policies in Rehabilitation”. Because Gunnel could not attend, I presented both papers.

Before I came to Brazzaville I had to look up a map to find out where it was. I had actually not heard of it before. And yet the WHO Regional Office for Africa was located here. I found out that what we knew as the “Congo” is two countries. Brazzaville is the capital of what is the Republic of Congo. This had been the French part of the Congo.

The Belgian Congo, or Zaire, is now called the Democratic Republic of Congo. The map showed that while Brazzaville was on the north shore of the Congo River, Kinshasa the capital of the former Belgian Congo was on the south side. From Brazzaville on the north side, I could look across the river and see Kinshasa.

The Democratic Republic of Congo at this time had a military dictator called Mobuto Sese Seko. Economically, the Democratic Republic was doing badly and people were poor. The consultation kept me confined to the hotel with meetings in the evenings and many people to talk with. The little bit I saw of Brazzaville was on my way from and to the airport. What I saw indicated to me that it was a much-neglected city.

It was yet early days for CBR but the discussion and recommendations of this consultation could have a very positive impact for disabled people in Africa. The first output of the consultation was that CBR is the likely solution to meet the needs of disabled people. It called for disabled people, family members, neighbours and friends of disabled people, teachers, community leaders and local authorities to all participate actively in this approach; also, to utilise the principles of primary health care.

Second, it referred to the draft WHO Manual and stated that it will be made available to be adapted by countries for their own use. Third, it referred to the Guide for Policy Makers and Planners which had been recently drafted by Einar in Geneva and recommended its use for CBR planning. Fourth, it referred to the need to develop support and referral systems for CBR and called on rehabilitation institutions to take a leading role in this.

Finally, the consultation stressed the need for multi-purpose or mid-level rehabilitation workers to support CBR. I shall be coming back to the mid-level worker many times later in my journey. For now, I was happy that the need for such a professional was expressed at this important forum; let me say for the first time since WHO introduced CBR.

This consultation led to a workshop in CBR being held in Serowe the following year. I returned to Botswana to facilitate that workshop with Gunnel



Continue Reading
Advertisement
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Features

Cricket and the National Interest

Published

on

The appointment of former minister Eran Wickremaratne to chair the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee is significant for more than the future of cricket. It signals a possible shift in the culture of governance even as it offers Sri Lankan cricket a fighting possibility to get out of the doldrums of failure. There have been glorious patches for the national cricket team since the epochal 1996 World Cup triumph. But these patches of brightness have been few and far between and virtually non-existent over the past decade. At the centre of this disaster has been the failures of governance within Sri Lanka Cricket which are not unlike the larger failures of governance within the country itself. The appointment of a new reform oriented committee therefore carries significance beyond cricket. It reflects the wider challenge facing the country which is to restore trust in public institutions for better management.

The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne brings a professional administrator with a proven track record into the cricket arena. He has several strengths that many of his immediate predecessors lacked. Before the ascent of the present government leadership to positions of power, Eran Wickremaratne was among the handful of government ministers who did not have allegations of corruption attached to their names. His reputation for financial professionalism and integrity has remained intact over many years in public life. With him in the Cricket Transformation Committee are also respected former cricketers Kumar Sangakkara, Roshan Mahanama and Sidath Wettimuny together with professionals from legal and business backgrounds. They have been tasked with introducing structural reforms and improving transparency and accountability within cricket administration.

A second reason for this appointment to be significant is that this is possibly the first occasion on which the NPP government has reached out to someone associated with the opposition to obtain assistance in an area of national importance. The commitment to bipartisanship has been a constant demand from politically non-partisan civic groups and political analysts. They have voiced the opinion that the government needs to be more inclusive in its choice of appointments to decision making authorities. The NPP government’s practice so far has largely been to limit appointments to those within the ruling party or those considered loyalists even at the cost of proven expertise. The government’s decision in this case therefore marks a potentially important departure.

National Interest

There are areas of public life where national interest should transcend party divisions and cricket, beloved of the people, is one of them. Sri Lanka cannot afford to continue treating every institution as an arena for political competition when institutions themselves are in crisis and public confidence has become fragile. It is therefore unfortunate that when the government has moved positively in the direction of drawing on expertise from outside its own ranks there should be a negative response from sections of the opposition. This is indicative of the absence of a culture of bipartisanship even on issues that concern the national interest. The SJB, of which the newly appointed cricket committee chairman was a member objected on the grounds that politicians should not hold positions in sports administration and asked him to resign from the party. There is a need to recognise the distinction between partisan political control and the temporary use of experienced administrators to carry out reform and institutional restructuring. In other countries those in politics often join academia and civil society on a temporary basis and vice versa.

More disturbing has been the insidious campaign carried out against the new cricket committee and its chairman on the grounds of religious affiliation. This is an unacceptable denial of the reality that Sri Lanka is a plural, multi ethnic and multi religious society. The interim committee reflects this diversity to a reasonable extent. The country’s long history of ethnic conflict should have taught all political actors the dangers of mobilising communal prejudice for short term political gain. Sri Lanka paid a very heavy price for decades of mistrust and division. It would be tragic if even cricket administration became another arena for communal suspicion and hostility. The present government represents an important departure from the sectarian rhetoric that was employed by previous governments. They have repeatedly pledged to protect the equal rights of all citizens and not permit discrimination or extremism in any form.

The recent international peace march in Sri Lanka led by the Venerable Bhikkhu Thich Paññākāra from Vietnam with its message of loving kindness and mindfulness to all resonated strongly with the masses of people as seen by the crowds who thronged the roadsides to obtain blessings and show respect. This message stands in contrast to the sectarian resentment manifested by those who seek to use the cricket appointments as a weapon to attack the government at the present time. The challenges before the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee parallel the larger challenges before the government in developing the national economy and respecting ethnic and religious diversity. Plugging the leaks and restoring systems will take time and effort. It cannot be done overnight and it cannot succeed without public patience and support.

New Recognition

There is also a need for realism. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee does not guarantee success. Reforming deeply flawed institutions is always difficult. Besides, Sri Lanka is a small country with a relatively small population compared to many other cricket playing nations. It is also a country still recovering from the economic breakdown of 2022 which pushed the majority of people into hardship and severely weakened public institutions. The country continues to face unprecedented challenges including the damage caused by Cyclone Ditwah and the wider global economic uncertainties linked to conflict in the Middle East. Under these difficult circumstances Sri Lanka has fewer resources than many larger countries to devote to both cricket and economic development.

When resources are scarce they cannot be wasted through corruption or incompetence. Drawing upon the strengths of all those who are competent for the tasks at hand regardless of party affiliation or ethnic or religious identity is necessary if improvement is to come sooner rather than later. The burden of rebuilding the country cannot rest only on the government. The crisis facing the country is too deep for any single party or government to solve alone. National recovery requires capable individuals from across society and from different sectors such as business and civil society to work together in areas where the national interest transcends party politics. There is also a responsibility on opposition political parties to support initiatives that are politically neutral and genuinely in the national interest. Not every issue needs to become a partisan battle.

Sri Lanka cricket occupies a special place in the national consciousness. At its best it once united the country and gave Sri Lankans a sense of pride and international recognition. Restoring integrity and professionalism to cricket administration can therefore become part of the larger task of national renewal. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee, while it does not guarantee success, is a sign that the political leadership and people of the country may be beginning to mature in their approach to governance. In recognising the need for competence, integrity and bipartisan cooperation and extending it beyond cricket into other areas of national life, Sri Lanka may find the way towards more stable and successful governance..

by Jehan Perera

Continue Reading

Features

From Dhaka to Sri Lanka, three wheels that drive our economies

Published

on

Court vacation this year came with an unexpected lesson, not from a courtroom but from the streets of Dhaka — a city that moves, quite literally, on three wheels.

Above the traffic, a modern metro line glides past concrete pillars and crowded rooftops. It is efficient, clean and frequently cited as a symbol of progress in Bangladesh. For a visitor from Sri Lanka, it inevitably brings to mind our own abandoned light rail plans — a project debated, politicised and ultimately set aside.

But Dhaka’s real story is not in the air. It is on the ground.

Beneath the elevated tracks, the streets belong to three-wheelers. Known locally as CNGs, they cluster at junctions, line the edges of markets and pour into narrow roads that larger vehicles avoid. Even with a functioning rail system, these three-wheelers remain the city’s most dependable form of everyday transport.

Within hours of arriving, their importance becomes obvious. The train may take you across the city, but the journey does not end there. The last mile — often the most complicated part — belongs entirely to the three-wheeler. It is the vehicle that gets you home, to a meeting or simply through streets that no bus route properly serves.

There is a rhythm to using them. A destination is mentioned, a price is suggested and a brief negotiation follows. Then the ride begins, edging into traffic that feels permanently compressed. Drivers move with instinct, adjusting routes and squeezing through gaps with a confidence built over years.

It is not polished. But it works.

And that is where the comparison with Sri Lanka becomes less about what we lack and more about what we already have.

Back home, the three-wheeler has long been part of daily life — so familiar that it is often discussed only in terms of its problems. There are frequent complaints about fares, refusals or the absence of meters. More recently, the industry itself has become entangled in politics — from fuel subsidies to regulatory debates, from election-time promises to periodic crackdowns.

In that process, the conversation has shifted. The three-wheeler is often treated as a problem to be managed, rather than a service to be strengthened.

Yet, seen through the experience of Dhaka, Sri Lanka’s system begins to look far more settled — and, in many ways, ahead.

There is a growing structure in place. Meters, while not perfect, are widely recognised. Ride-hailing apps have added transparency and reduced uncertainty for passengers. There are clearer expectations on both sides — driver and commuter alike. Even small details, such as designated parking areas in parts of Colombo or the increasing standard of vehicles, point to an industry slowly moving towards professionalism.

Just as importantly, there is a human element that remains intact.

In Sri Lanka, a three-wheeler ride is rarely just a transaction. Drivers talk. They offer directions, comment on the day’s news, or share local knowledge. The ride becomes part of the social fabric, not just a means of getting from one point to another.

In Dhaka, the scale of the city leaves less room for that. The interaction is quicker, more direct, shaped by urgency. The service is essential, but it is under constant pressure.

What stands out, across both countries, is that the three-wheeler is not a temporary or outdated mode of transport. It is a necessity in dense, fast-growing Asian cities — one that fills gaps no rail or bus system can fully address.

Large infrastructure projects, like light rail, are important. They bring efficiency and long-term capacity. But they cannot replace the flexibility of a three-wheeler. They cannot reach into narrow streets, respond instantly to demand or provide that crucial last-mile connection.

That is why, even in a city that has invested heavily in modern rail, Dhaka still runs on three wheels.

For Sri Lanka, the lesson is not simply about what could have been built, but about what should be better managed and valued.

The three-wheeler industry does not need to be politicised at every turn. It needs steady regulation — clear fare systems, proper licensing, safety standards — alongside encouragement and recognition. It needs to be seen as part of the solution to urban transport, not as a side issue.

Because for thousands of drivers, it is a livelihood. And for millions of passengers, it is the most immediate and reliable form of mobility.

The tuk-tuk may not feature in grand policy speeches or infrastructure blueprints. It does not run on elevated tracks or attract international attention. But on the ground, where daily life unfolds, it continues to do what larger systems often struggle to do — show up, adapt and keep moving.

And after watching Dhaka’s streets — crowded, relentless, yet functioning — that small, three-wheeled vehicle feels less like something to argue over and more like something to get right.

(The writer is an Attorney-at-Law with over a decade of experience specialising in civil law, a former Board Member of the Office of Missing Persons and a former Legal Director of the Central Cultural Fund. He holds an LLM in International Business Law)

 

by Sampath Perera recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh 

Continue Reading

Features

Dubai scene … opening up

Published

on

Seven Notes: Operating in Dubai

According to reports coming my way, the entertainment scene, in Dubai, is very much opening up, and buzzing again!

After a quieter few months, May is packed with entertainment and the whole scene, they say, is shifting back into full swing.

The Seven Notes band, made up of Sri Lankans, based in Dubai, are back in the spotlight, after a short hiatus, due to the ongoing Middle East problems.

On 18th April they did Legends Night at Mercure Hotel Dubai Barsha Heights; on Thursday, 9th May, they will be at the Sports Bar of the Mercure Hotel for 70s/80s Retro Night; on 6th June, they will be at Al Jadaf Dubai to provide the music for Sandun Perera live in concert … and with more dates to follow.

These events are expected to showcase the band’s evolving sound, tighter stage coordination, and stronger audience engagement.

With each performance, the band aims to refine its identity and build a loyal following within Dubai’s vibrant nightlife and event scene.

Pasindu Umayanga: The group’s new vocalist

What makes Seven Notes standout is their versatility which has made the band a dynamic and promising act.

With a growing performance calendar, new talent integration, and international ambitions, the band is definitely entering a defining phase of its journey.

Dubai’s music industry, I’m told, thrives on diversity, energy, and audience connection, with live bands playing a crucial role in elevating events—from corporate shows to private concerts. Against this backdrop, Seven Notes is positioning itself not just as another band, but as a performance-driven musical unit focused on consistency and growth.

Adding fresh momentum to the group is Pasindu Umayanga who joins Seven Notes as their new vocalist. This move signals a strategic upgrade—not just filling a role, but strengthening the band’s front-line presence.

Looking beyond local stages, Seven Notes is preparing for an international tour, to Korea, in July.

Bassist Niluk Uswaththa: Spokesperson for Seven Notes

According to bassist Niluk Uswaththa, taking a band abroad means: Your sound must hold up against unfamiliar audiences, your performance must translate beyond language, and your discipline must be at a professional level.

“If executed well, this tour could redefine Seven Notes from a local band into an emerging international act,” added Niluk.

He went on to say that Dubai is not an easy market. It’s saturated with highly experienced, multi-genre bands that can adapt instantly to any crowd.

“To stand out consistently you need to have tight rehearsal discipline, unique sound identity (not just covers), strong stage chemistry, audience retention – not just applause.”

No doubt, Seven Notes is entering a critical growth phase—new member, multiple shows, and an international tour on the horizon. The opportunity is real, but so is the pressure.

However, there is talk that Seven Notes will soon be a recognised name in the regional music scene.

Continue Reading

Trending