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Experts at third LKI Foreign Policy Forum call for pragmatic reassessment of non-alignment in a shifting global landscape

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While the need to re-orient non-alignment to meet the changing global dynamics was regularly spoken of, Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) countries have failed to offer a cohesive strategic response and re-orientation, Lakshman Kadirgamar Institute (LKI) Executive Director Ambassador Ravinatha Aryasinha said at the third LKI Foreign Policy Forum, titled ‘Reassessing Non-Alignment in a Polarised World,’ that was held recently in Colombo.

The forum, held on a quarterly basis, brings together experts to discuss contemporary foreign policy issues and to contribute to the development of a Sri Lankan perspective on foreign policy and international relations. Ahead of the Forum, Foreign Minister M.U.M. Ali Sabry, who delivered the opening address, observed that “non-alignment means not becoming a bystander” and “that you are not forced or coerced into a camp to take sovereign decisions”.

Moderating the session which featured four prominent experts in the field, LKI Executive Director Ambassador Ravinatha Aryasinha, at the outset, emphasized the importance of understanding both – the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) as an organization, and ‘non-alignment’ as a concept and foreign policy strategy.

He noted that for Sri Lanka, as it was to many member countries between the 1960s -1980s, NAM enabled the conceptualization/operationalization of important initiatives relevant to its membership, including the Indian Ocean Peace Zone, the Law of the Sea, a New International Economic Order, a New International Information Order and a developing country emphasis on global disarmament – many in which Sri Lanka was to play a prominent role. However, since the ending of the Cold War, non-alignment was to lose its influence in global affairs due to the diverse interests and alignments of its member states.

In recent times while the need to re-orient non-alignment to meet the changing global dynamics was regularly spoken of, NAM countries have failed to offer a cohesive strategic response and re-orientation, he observed.

Amb. Aryasinha suggested that while the voting patterns of NAM countries in the UN General Assembly during recent crises – particularly on Ukraine and the Gaza – provided an barometer to judge as to how non-aligned states were responding to issues in real-time, what the ingredients of a re-oriented non-aligned policy, however, required closer study.

The Executive Director of the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies (BCIS) Prof. Gamini Keerawella, who focussed on the evolution of the NAM, noted that it had three distinct phases where emphasis was on; first de-colonization, second on meeting the cold war challenges, and third in grappling with post-cold war dynamics. He cautioned against analysing Sri Lanka’s foreign policy in the early period, solely through the lens of non-alignment, referring to examples such as that Prime Minister D.S Senanayake’s neutrality was complemented by a defence agreement with the UK, and Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike’s non-aligned approach with permission for U.S vessels to access Sri Lankan ports. He emphasised that the disintegration of the Soviet Union did not necessarily mean a win for the U.S, and that emerging challenges have required a re-definition of foreign policy in non-aligned nations.

He cautioned that current Sri Lanka foreign policy, too, should not be analysed solely in terms of non-alignment, but must additionally take into account; the domestic, South Asian (mainly India related), Indian Ocean Region, and global contexts, as well.

Former Foreign Secretary and Chairman of the Pathfinder Foundation Ambassador Bernard Goonetilleke referred to the emergence of multi-polarity on the international stage and the current outlook of the global economy where in the next decade, China, the U.S and India will be the three largest economies. He said countries like Sri Lanka cannot rely on the benevolence of these global economic powers and non-aligned countries must establish their own leverage for economic gain. He explained that it requires non-aligned foreign policy to be fine–tuned, and for the 120-strong Non-Aligned Movement to re-group and re-invent itself, rather than being passive.

He observed that in the case of Sri Lanka, while President Gotabaya Rajapaksa embraced neutrality and publicly declared this position at the inauguration ceremony in Anuradhapura in 2019, beyond expressing this intent, there had been limited follow up. Five years on, he argued that we must assume that Sri Lanka is continuing to pursue this position of neutrality and non-alignment. Amb. Goonetilleke highlighted how nations have shifted alliances based on their perceived self-interests without knowing the long-term consequences of such decisions. He reiterated the need for Sri Lanka to prioritise domestic interests and to ensure that a comprehensive foreign policy serves to empower the nation amidst shifting global dynamics.

Dr Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu, Executive Director of the Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA), questioned “what non-alignment means in the modern day and what are you non-aligning against”. He challenged traditional notions of non-alignment, advocating for a more nuanced understanding in today’s geopolitical context. Rather than rigid ideological stances, he questioned whether pragmatic decision-making, such as voting based on self-interest, could be considered a form of non-alignment, citing Singapore’s foreign policy approach as a convincing example.

He also said NAM does not offer resolutions on challenges that arise from non-western interventions. As the balance of power is shifting towards China and India, Sri Lanka must assess its foreign policy based on what it can gain from engaging with the rest of the world, rather than basing it on the moral authority of non-alignment, which he argued no longer exists. Specifically regarding economic prosperity, he emphasised the need for Sri Lanka to pursue advancement through aligning with those countries that bring the greatest economic benefits, rather than sacrificing economic leverage, through adopting a non-aligned foreign policy.

Chief International Relations Analyst, Factum, Uditha Devapriya saw pragmatism as increasingly having come to define non-alignment, resulting in some contradictions and ambiguities even with respect to Sri Lanka. Observing that Sri Lanka’s foreign policy decisions omit valuable perspectives from the grassroots level, he said while southern perspectives place emphasis on engaging with bilateral partners, northern perspectives consider foreign policy to be a secondary concern behind the prioritisation of Tamil rights and recognition.

He further elaborated that the Sri Lankan people on the ground were deeply suspicious of being given aid with strings attached. He advocated for a proactive foreign policy strategy that takes consistent decisions that align with past policies, and has credibility both domestically and internationally. He urged that public opinion should influence these decisions and experts must engage more with policymakers so that decisions are sustainable and address broader challenges in the Global South.



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Customs asked to resume probe or face legal action

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Nagananda / Liyanagama

Rs. 16 bn BMW revenue fraud:

Public interest litigation activist Nagananda Kodituwakku has said he will initiate appropriate proceedings against Director General of Customs, Wimal S.K. Liyanagama, in terms of the Anti-Corruption Act No 9 of 2023, unless the Customs carries out a revenue fraud inquiry to recover approximately Rs 16 bn in lost government revenue.

General Secretary of Vinivida Foundation, and former Customs officer, Kodituwakku said that though the Department, in response to his request for a meeting to discuss the issue, in writing, assured them that the investigation was underway, they found that the actual situation was not so.

Kodituwakku alleged that the Customs Chief had neglected what he called statutory duties under the Customs Ordinance, by disregarding his request for a meeting.

Kodituwakku said the investigation into the importation of 1,728 brand new BMW vehicles, under the concessionary duty permits issued by the government for the public servants, between 2011 and 2014, had been stalled.

The civil society activist said that investigations had revealed the vehicles hadn’t been imported by the permit holders themselves but others. It also transpired that the value of the imported vehicles, mentioned in the commercial invoices, proforma invoices and the CusDecs, tendered to Customs in the names of the permit holders, were not the actual values for the vehicles in question.

The high-profile case has been handled by the Central Investigation Directorate, at that time headed by Murugesu Thayabaran, a batchmate of Kodituwakku.

The ex-Customs officer said that he had appeared as counsel for Thayabaran in Court of Appeal and was determined to bring the case to a successful conclusion. According to him, the importer, over the years, had been represented by nine President’s Counsel as the case dragged on from the time of P.S.M. Charles, Director General, Customs.

Kodituwakku made available letters he wrote to the Customs and other parties on this issue, to The Island. Pointing out that the Court of Appeal on 7 May, 2024, dismissed the importer’s final appeal regarding the case pertaining to the revenue loss of Rs. 16 bn, Kodituwakku said that although the court had cleared the way for the Customs probe, no action had been taken.

However, the Court of Appeal ruling was given before Liyanagama succeeded Seevali Arukgoda as DG Customs on 6 May, 2026. Liyanagama served as Director General of the Department of Management Services at the Treasury before the new appointment.

Kodituwakku said that he had also brought the Customs case to the attention of the Commission to Investigate Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC).

Emphasising the failure on the part of the Opposition to raise this issue, both in and outside Parliament, Kodituwakku said that since the exposure of the BMW scam, during Mahinda Rajapaksa’s presidency, there had been four presidents, namely Maithripala Sirisena, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, Ranil Wickremesinghe and incumbent Anura Kumara Dissanayake. Unfortunately, successive administrations had allowed the interested parties to drag the case. The lack of interest shown by political parties revealed that they not only protected those responsible but encouraged corrupt practices of allowing third parties to import vehicles in terms of permits issued to legitimate recipients of such permits.

Having campaigned on an anti-corruption platform, during the presidential and parliamentary polls in 2024, the NPP couldn’t, under any circumstances, turn a blind eye to this situation, Kodituwakku said, adding that even the IMF should be concerned of the failure on the part of successive governments to recover the money.

By Shamindra Ferdinando

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Outgoing Chinese Ambassador Qi Zhenhong bids farewell to Mahanayake Theras

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The outgoing Ambassador visiting the Maha Nayake Theras

Outgoing Chinese Ambassador to Sri Lanka, Qi Zhenhong, who is scheduled to conclude his tenure on July 31, visited Kandy on the afternoon of July 18 to pay respects and receive blessings from the Mahanayake Theras of the Malwathu and Asgiriya Chapters.

During the visit, the Most Venerable Thibbotuwawe Sri Sumangala Mahanayake Thera of the Malwathu Chapter and the Most Venerable Warakagoda Sri Gnanarathana Mahanayake Thera of the Asgiriya Chapter hailed the Ambassador’s dedicated service to the country.

The Malwathu Mahanayake Thera noted that Ambassador Qi had performed his duties as a diplomat to the highest possible standard. He stated that the Ambassador’s contributions during his nearly six year tenure, including assistance during natural disasters and support for economic, educational, cultural, and religious sectors, would never be forgotten.

Expressing his appreciation, the Mahanayake Thera remarked that he would like the Ambassador to remain in Sri Lanka even after retirement.

The Asgiriya Mahanayake Thera, Most Venerable Warakagoda Sri Gnanarathana Thera, also commended the Ambassador’s efforts in supporting infrastructure development during various natural disasters and praised his initiatives in strengthening the bilateral relations between China and Sri Lanka.

Reflecting on his tenure, Ambassador Qi Zhenhong stated that the Sri Lankan economy is gradually improving under the new government. He noted that the Chinese government fully supports the current government’s focus on industrial policy, state owned enterprise reform, and exports.

The Ambassador highlighted several ongoing collaborative projects, including an agreement to provide school uniforms, the reconstruction of 14 bridges destroyed by cyclones, and the upcoming arrival of the first batch of electric buses and vehicles.

“Sri Lanka feels like my second home,” the Ambassador said, adding that he is grateful for the generous support and sincere friendship extended to him by the people of Sri Lanka. He confirmed that while his tenure ends on July 31, he will continue to engage with Sri Lanka whenever possible.

The Ambassador also visited the Senior Member of the Asgiriya Chapter, Most Venerable Godagama Sri Mangala Thera, to receive further blessings, with other prominent members of the Maha Sangha also in attendance.

By S.K. Samaranayake

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Move to extend retirement age of top judges: BASL asks govt. to stop process pending meaningful consultations

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(From left: Rienzie Arsecularatne, Rajieev Amarasuriya and Pasindu Silva

President of the Bar Association Rajeev Amarasuriya yesterday (21) briefed the media regarding the action taken by them to discourage the NPP government from increasing the retirement age of superior court judges.

Amarasuriya, flanked by BASL Deputy President Rienzie Arsecularatne (right) and Treasurer Pasindu Silva reiterated their strong opposition to the alleged move. The briefing took place at Dr. H.W. Jayawardene QC Auditorium, BASL Secretariat, Mihindu Mawatha.

Pointing out that the move to bring in a constitutional amendment to facilitate the project would be detrimental to the judiciary and the country, the BASL requested an opportunity to meet Justice Minister Harshana Nanayakkara to discuss the issues at hand.

The BASL proposed that the delegation would consist of members of the Executive Committee, President’s Counsel and senior members of the legal fraternity.

Amarasuriya said that the BASL was willing to assist the Justice and National Integration Ministry in a consultative process in case the government decided to do so. “We sincerely hope that no further steps will be taken in relation to this proposal until meaningful consultation has taken place with the principal stakeholders of the justice sector,” Amarasuriya said.

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