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Combination of ill-timed decisions prevented Lanka recover from pandemic shock
The country has lost several hundred thousand jobs to Covid-19. The impact of the agrochemical ban on agriculture, the mismanagement of the exchange rate, a highly accommodative monetary policy, and the use of foreign exchange reserves for debt repayment thwarted the country’s ability to recover from the initial shock of COVID-19, an ILO study titled, ‘The labour market implications of Sri Lanka’s multiple crises,‘ has revealed.
“These policy decisions generated multiple crises which impacted on businesses, workers, and their families, manifesting in shortages of essential consumer goods including food, fuel, power, raw materials, and capital equipment on the one hand, and the disruption of key public services, such as education and health, on the other. The fiscal bind and looming debt crisis have also left Sri Lanka very little room to manoeuvre. The economic crises have, in turn, generated political instability and further constrained timely decision-making about how to deal with the crisis,” the ILO report said.
The multiple crises have intensified long-standing worrisome features of the labour market: they have expanded unemployment, widened gender gaps in labour force participation, and given rise to job insecurity, uncertainty, and hardship, it said.
“Sri Lanka lost more than 200,000 jobs to the pandemic between the fourth quarter 2019 and the second quarter 2021. The employment share of the informal sector increased because formal sector employment contracted more sharply. Although there was some recovery, during the second half of 2021, extensive job losse, among employers, augured ill for the vigorous regeneration of jobs,” the study reveals.
The report added that the pandemic also impacted the skills development sector. Efforts to provide education and training online were constrained, mainly due to problems of infrastructure access, particularly outside of the Western Province. Enrolment and completion of TVET courses in 2020, relative to 2019, declined by 50 and 57 percent respectively. However, the imposition of power cuts, in 2022, are likely to have disrupted even these limited measures.
“The pandemic also saw the emergence of the new poor — those who fell into poverty because of the pandemic – among the more educated and employed in industry and service sectors, particularly in urban areas and Western Province, the latter which accounted for the largest share of the new poor. These negative developments would have worsened in 2022 as the economic crises intensified,” it said.
Sri Lanka is currently in a full-blown debt and balance-of-payments crisis, leading to massive shortages of essentials and severe disruption to economic activity. As the crisis continues to deteriorate and is likely to lead to a deep impact on the labour market, which will require careful monitoring and analysis over the months to come, the ILO said. The severity of the crisis means that policy-makers need to grasp the nettle of structural reforms needed for recovery and job-rich growth, which will require carefully balancing macroeconomic stabilization with longer-term goals of creating decent, sustainable, and productive employment. The report suggests eight areas of policy intervention for the short, medium and long term.
They are; addressing current macroeconomic crisis through fiscal consolidation and debt restructuring, plus improved fiscal space, restoring investor confidence, reformulating investment, industry, and trade policies to support export-led growth, technological transformation, productive efficiency and job creation, especially for SMEs, increasing R&D and infrastructure investments with a clear focus on 3IR and 4IR technologies, promoting demand-driven skills development and adjustment to a post-COVID-19 economy, including remedial education/training, creating a social dialogue and legislative reform to support flexible arrangements while protecting workers, promoting policies that foster women’s entry into the labour market and support other hard-hit groups, and expanding access to adequate social protection to workers and families (including institutional reforms).
The report also said that Sri Lanka needs to work on improving learning outcomes. Even the TVET sector performs no better than the general education system, the ILO said. According to a 2018 ADB study, a sizable proportion of TVET graduates leave training programmes, without the skills that employers require. Tracer studies on the employability of TVET graduates reveal a high rate of unemployment among TVET graduates who had been trained for employment in even the fast-growing ICT, construction, tourism, and light engineering subsectors.
News
India should be kept out of PC polls, matters related to 13 A – Mano
Leader of the Tamil Progressive Alliance (TPA), Mano Ganeshan, MP, said that India shouldn’t intervene here regarding the long-delayed Provincial Council polls.
The former Yahapalana Minister of National Co-existence, Dialogue and Official Languages (2015-2018), Ganeshan, who represents the main Opposition Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) in the current Parliament, stressed that New Delhi’s intervention wouldn’t do any good for them or for us.
Lawmaker Ganeshan said so when The Island asked him whether the TPA would ask India to pressure the NPP government to conduct PC polls, last held in 2014, during Mahinda Rajapaksa’s second term. Ganeshan said: “India shouldn’t get involved in the issue at hand . Such a strategy is also in their interest, particularly in the context of the evolving global order. India should not be perceived as a pro-Tamil state, but rather as a state that supports Sri Lanka as a whole.”
Ganeshan said that the Indian state bears a moral responsibility in this matter. “That responsibility arises from the fact that India’s diplomacy and military intervention played a decisive role in neutralising the Tamil armed struggle in Sri Lanka. Although India’s mission remained unfinished, it nevertheless lost nearly two thousand soldiers in the process. There was also a prelude to this involvement, when Tamil militant groups received training in India. Consequently, the Indian connection became a sensitive issue for both the Sinhalese and Tamils of Sri Lanka.”
But, whatever had happened, the national issue should be settled among us. ” The solution must be found and settled within Sri Lanka itself. We do not need Western interventions in this regard.”
” In recent years, whenever we in the Tamil Progressive Alliance (TPA) have met Indian dignitaries—including the Prime Minister, the External Affairs Minister, and, most recently, the Vice President—the subjects of the 13th Amendment and Provincial Councils have never featured on our agenda.”
The 13th Amendment is part of Sri Lanka’s Constitution. Therefore, it is for Sri Lankans themselves to decide whether to retain, improve, fully implement, reform, or even repeal it, Ganeshan said.
MP Ganeshan found fault with those who represented the Northern and Eastern provinces for failing to utilise the goodwill and influence India enjoyed with successive Governments of Sri Lanka to pursue an amicable political settlement. The parliamentarian said that they should acted after the end of the war in May, 2009. Unfortunately, they failed to effectively use the Provincial Council framework to consolidate their political position and advance further, thereby earning the confidence of both India and successive Sinhala-majority governments, MP Ganeshan said.
Responding to another query, MP Ganeshan said: “
We should keep the ethnic issue separate from bilateral relations with India, while deepening economic connectivity and cooperation on the basis of mutual benefit and a win-win partnership.”
By Shamindra Ferdinando
News
US boost for SLAF
Sri Lanka has taken delivery of 10 TH-57 ‘Sea Ranger’ multi-role helicopters provided by the United States of America to the Sri Lanka Air Force. Air Forces headquarters said that the helicopters arrived here by sea.
The SLAF has said: “The arrival of these aircraft marks a significant milestone in the longstanding defence cooperation between Sri Lanka and the United States and represents a valuable contribution towards enhancing the operational and training capabilities of the Sri Lanka Air Force.
“The helicopters are currently undergoing configurations and technical preparations at SLAF Base Ratmalana. Following the completion of requisite inspections, acceptance procedures and test flights, the aircraft will be inducted into service and deployed for operational duties.
“The TH-57 fleet is expected to significantly strengthen the Air Force’s aviation training capacity while enhancing the ability to support a broad spectrum of national requirements. The aircraft will primarily be employed for pilot training, humanitarian assistance and disaster response (HADR) operations, search and rescue (SAR) missions and other public service commitments undertaken by the Sri Lanka Air Force.”
News
TPA demands House committee to probe Tilvin’s claim PC polls cannot be held due to fund constraints
Referring to the recent declaration made by JVP General Secretary Tilvin Silva that the Provincial Council elections couldn’t be held this year as funds allocated for that purpose were utilised to provide Ditwah cyclone relief, Tamil Progressive Front (TPA) leader Mano Ganeshan, MP, has asked Dr. Harsha de Silva, MP Chairman, Committee on Public Finance, to inquire into the issue at hand and take action deemed appropriate.
The text of MP Ganeshan’s letter: “I write with reference to a statement reportedly made by Tilvin Silva, General Secretary of the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), the principal constituent party of the National People’s Power (NPP) Government.
According to media reports, Silva stated, in substance, that funds allocated and set aside for the conduct of Provincial Council Elections had been utilised by the Government for disaster-rebuilding and related purposes.
While he is reported to have made further remarks, I confine my attention to the above statement, which raises a serious matter concerning public finance and parliamentary oversight.
To the best of my knowledge, Parliament has not approved any transfer or reallocation of funds, earmarked for Provincial Council Elections, to any other expenditure head or purpose. If the statement, attributed to Mr. de Silva, is accurate, it may indicate that such funds have been utilised without the requisite parliamentary authorisation.
In view of the above, I respectfully request that the Committee on Public Finance inquire into this matter and ascertain whether any transfer, reallocation, or expenditure of funds allocated for Provincial Council Elections has occurred in a manner inconsistent with parliamentary approval and financial regulations.
I would be grateful if the Committee could examine the facts and take any action deemed appropriate within its mandate.”
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