Business
Building Sri Lanka’s economic future through smarter cities
Each year on November 8, planners around the world celebrate World Town Planning Day—a moment to reflect on how planning can build fairer, greener, and more prosperous societies. The 2025 theme, “With Planning We Can!”, reminds us that planning is not just about regulating land use—it is about shaping the destiny of nations.
In Sri Lanka, urbanization is one of the most powerful forces defining our development pathway. Yet, over the decades, urban growth has remained uneven—concentrated in a few regions while vast areas with great potential, from the North to the East and from Uva to the South, remain underdeveloped.
To achieve true national prosperity, Sri Lanka needs a comprehensive, balanced, and inclusive National Urban Development Policy—one that integrates all provinces, strengthens regional economies, and ensures that every city, town, and village contributes to a shared national vision.
Because with planning, we can build a future where every region matters.
Urbanization is often a mirror of economic transformation. Countries such as Singapore, South Korea, and Malaysia used planning-led urban growth to accelerate their economies. Sri Lanka, however, continues to experience slow and spatially fragmented urbanization.
While the official urbanization rate stands at around 19%, the reality is far more complex. When peri-urban and functionally urban regions are included, nearly half the population already lives in areas economically tied to cities. Yet much of this growth is unplanned—spreading linearly along roads and lacking efficient infrastructure.
This has resulted in congestion, high service delivery costs, and widening disparities between regions. Western Province, with 28% of the population, contributes nearly 44% of GDP. Meanwhile, provinces like the Northern, Eastern, and Uva—rich in resources and human potential—remain underutilized.
To correct this imbalance, Sri Lanka’s urbanization must be guided, strategic, and regionally balanced.
Sri Lanka’s settlement pattern is diverse. The country is composed of:
· Core Urban Populations – Residents of municipal and urban councils.
· Suburban and Fringe Settlements
– Areas around main cities with growing housing and employment links.
· Peri-Urban Populations
– People living on the edges of rural and urban zones, economically tied to nearby towns.
· Small and Emerging Growth Centers
– Towns that provide services to rural hinterlands but lack urban-scale infrastructure.
From Jaffna to Galle, Kandy to Trincomalee, and Kurunegala to Badulla—these settlement types coexist, but not always in coordination. A new approach must weave them together into a single national system of Functional Urban Areas (FUAs)—connected by economy, mobility, and governance.
Sri Lanka’s development challenge is not lack of talent or resources—it is unequal spatial development.
· Western Province dominates economically, yet faces congestion, high land costs, and overuse of infrastructure.
· Northern and Eastern Provinces
have vast land, skilled populations, and coastal trade potential, yet remain under-industrialized.
· Central and Uva Regions
possess rich natural and cultural assets that can drive sustainable tourism and agro-industries.
· Southern and North Western Regions
hold strong manufacturing and fisheries potential but require better connectivity.
Balanced national development means every province becomes part of the growth story. The future must not be a competition between regions, but a network of interconnected, complementary city regions—each contributing uniquely to Sri Lanka’s prosperity.
To manage growth wisely, Sri Lanka must adopt a structured, forward-looking framework. The National Urban Development Policy envisions a system of Livable Cities 2060, based on three guiding principles:
· Logical Urbanization – Guiding population and investment toward areas where infrastructure, employment, and services coexist efficiently.
· Functional Urban Areas (FUAs)
– Recognizing urban influence by function, not administrative limits.
· Livable Cities 2060
– Compact, green, inclusive, and resilient urban regions ensuring quality of life for all.
Vision: Livable Cities 2060
By 2060, Sri Lanka will feature a balanced network of compact, climate-ready, and well-connected urban regions that support equitable economic growth and a high standard of living.
Key Targets:
· 60% of population in official urban areas by 2060
· Less than 20% of land urbanized
· 30% reduction in commuting time by 2045
· 80% of residents within 800m of public transport by 2050
· Net-zero municipal emissions by 2060
Ten Strategic Pillars
· Urban Space
– Compact land use, vertical development, and function-based city classification.
· Urban Population
– Skilled, inclusive, and civically active communities.
· Urban Lands
– Urban land banks, zoning reform, and land value capture.
· Urban Economy
– Industrial diversification, regional innovation hubs, and SME promotion.
· Urban Food Security
– Protect peri-urban agriculture and encourage local food systems.
· Urban Housing
– Affordable, disaster-resilient, mixed-income housing integrated with transit.
· Urban Safety
– Climate-resilient, crime-free, and disaster-ready cities.
· Urban Mobility
– Smart transport, rail integration, and non-motorized connectivity.
· Urban Environment
– Blue–green networks, circular economy, and renewable energy.
· Planning & Governance
– Evidence-based decision-making, institutional reform with favorable laws, and professional capacity building.
Island wide Transformative Impact
If implemented consistently, this policy can deliver:
· Reduced regional disparities through balanced investment
· Economic diversification
across all provinces
· Efficient urban infrastructure
and reduced congestion
· Climate-smart cities
ready for future challenges
· Empowered local governments
and professional planning systems
· Higher national productivity
through spatial efficiency
As we commemorate World Town Planning Day 2025, Sri Lanka stands at a turning point. The next phase of national growth must be planned, inclusive, and regionally balanced.
From Colombo to Jaffna, from Kandy to Batticaloa, from Galle to Anuradhapura—each region has a vital role to play in shaping our collective future.
A well-crafted National Urban Development Policy can bridge regional divides, modernize our cities, and ensure prosperity reaches every community.
Because ultimately, with planning, we can build one Sri Lanka—united in vision, diverse in strength, and equal in opportunity.
By Y. A. G. K. Gunathilake
President Elect, ITPSL
Director, Western Province, Urban Development Authority
Business
LOLC Finance reinforces market leadership with strong growth
LOLC Finance PLC, the flagship finance company of the LOLC Group and Sri Lanka’s largest non-bank financial institution, delivered a strong financial performance for the year ended 31 March 2026, supported by robust lending growth, stronger recurring income, improved asset quality and a capital position that remained comfortably above regulatory requirements.
The Company reported profit after tax of Rs. 27.4 billion for the year, compared with Rs. 25 billion in the previous year. At headline level, this represents growth of around 9%. However, the headline comparison does not fully capture the improvement in the Company’s underlying performance.
The previous year’s profit included significant non-recurring gains linked to Sri Lanka sovereign bond-related impairment reversals, partially offset by a derecognition loss. On a net basis, these one-off items added approximately Rs. 4 billion to the prior year result. Adjusting for this, the prior year’s underlying profit base was closer to Rs. 21 billion. Against that adjusted base, the current year profit of approximately Rs. 27 billion reflects underlying profitability growth of close to 30%.
This is the more important message behind the numbers. LOLC Finance did not merely preserve profitability in a recovering economic environment; it expanded its recurring earnings base materially, while simultaneously growing its balance sheet and improving key credit quality indicators.
The improvement was driven primarily by core income. Interest income increased to approximately Rs. 79 billion, supported by strong expansion in the lending portfolio. Interest expense rose at a slower pace to approximately Rs. 29 billion, allowing net interest income to grow to approximately Rs. 50 billion. This demonstrates the Company’s ability to expand its loan book while maintaining control over funding costs.
Net fee and commission income also improved, rising to approximately Rs. 3 billion, reflecting higher business volumes and broader customer activity. Total operating income increased to approximately Rs. 56 billion, despite the absence of the large sovereign bond-related gains that benefited the previous year. This shift from one-off gains to recurring operating income is a clear positive from an earnings-quality perspective.
The balance sheet story was equally significant. Total assets grew by approximately Rs. 129 billion during the year, reaching around Rs. 559 billion as at 31 March 2026. The main driver of this expansion was the lending portfolio, with gross loans and advances increasing from approximately Rs. 305 billion to approximately Rs. 423 billion, representing growth of nearly 39%.
This level of loan book expansion is notable not only because of its scale, but also because it was spread across multiple product categories. Growth was recorded across key lending lines including finance leases, gold loans, speed drafts, alternate finance, personal loans and term loans. This points to a broad-based recovery in customer demand rather than growth concentrated in a single product line.
Business
‘Law enforcement failures leading to gross abuse of Malaiyaha Tamil labour’
Malaiyaha Tamil workers in Sri Lanka’s private tea estates and smallholdings are facing widespread labour abuses that amount to multiple indicators of forced labour, according to a new report released last week by Amnesty International.
‘The Sri Lankan government is urged to strengthen labour protections, improve enforcement mechanisms and remove barriers that prevent Malaiyaha Tamil workers from accessing their rights under both domestic law and international obligations, a media release on the report explained.
‘Workers are being subjected to intimidation, physical violence, harassment, debt bondage, restrictions on movements, wage withholding and severely poor living and working conditions, the release added.
Some extracts from the release:
‘The research focused on tea estates in Sri Lanka’s Southern Province, particularly in the Galle and Matara Districts. It is based on visits to 45 estates conducted between January 2024 and January 2026, alongside 159 interviews with workers, discussions with Estate Managers and Supervisors, and 15 focus group discussions involving 65 workers. Across all sites, researchers found what they describe as a consistent pattern of exploitation and discrimination affecting Malaiyaha Tamil workers.
‘Workers reported being forced to meet unrealistic daily tea-picking targets, often set at more than 25 kilograms per day. Failure to meet these targets reportedly resulted in wage deductions, delays, or reduced pay, sometimes bringing daily earnings down to as little as LKR 1,000 (around USD 3.10). Workers also described a cycle of wage advances and loans that left them increasingly indebted to estate owners, raising concerns about debt bondage in the plantation sector.
‘Several workers also told researchers they had experienced or witnessed verbal and physical abuse by estate managers, particularly when they were late for work, questioned unpaid wages, or failed to meet production targets. One worker described being beaten with hands, legs, and sticks, and said such violence was still occurring. Others reported that wages were often withheld or manipulated based on arbitrary assessments of productivity.
‘Employers frequently classify them as “casual workers,” which denies them access to maternity benefits, pensions, sickness leave, and other statutory entitlements. The report also notes that trade union representation is largely absent in the Estates surveyed, leaving workers with little collective bargaining power or protection against abuse. According to the report, workers face multiple barriers in accessing justice, including language barriers, discriminatory treatment by officials, lack of documentation, and weak labour inspection mechanisms. These factors, the report says, prevent effective enforcement of labour laws and allow abusive practices to continue largely unchecked.
‘Smriti Singh, Regional Director for South Asia at Amnesty International, said the findings reflect systematic violations of labour laws and a failure of enforcement by the state. She said, private tea estates are operating with little accountability and that the pattern of abuse raises serious concerns about forced labour.’
By Hiran H. Seneviratne
Business
West Asian uncertainties continuing to dampen share trading
Low investor sentiment persisted in the stock market yesterday due to lingering West Asian uncertainties particularly in relation to Israel and Lebanon.
Both indices moved downwards. The All Share Price Index went down by 48.78 points, while the S and P SL20 declined by 7.46 points. Turnover stood at Rs 1.67 billion with two crossings.
Those crossings were; HNB crossed 185718 shares to the tune of Rs 73.4 million; its shares traded at Rs 395 and Dialog Axiata 1 million shares crossed for Rs 44 million; its shares traded at Rs 44.
In the retail market companies that mainly contributed to the turnover were: RIL Properties Rs 148 million (5.3 million shares traded), Dialog Rs 108 million (2.4 million shares traded), Aitken Spence Rs 74.4 million (542,100 shares traded), LB Finance Rs 72.2 million (7.3 million shares traded), Royal Ceramics Rs 67.2 million (1.4 million shares traded), Renuka Agri Foods Rs 64.8 million (5.2 million shares traded) and JKH Rs 53.7 million (2.7 million shares traded). During the day 71 million shares volumes changed hands in 23582 transactions.
It is said that banking sector counters, especially HNB, performed well while the real estate sector stocks, especially RIL Properties, performed well. An overall mixed performance was noted in most of other sectors, especially finance and agriculture.
Yesterday the rupee was quoted at Rs 330.00/332.00 to the US dollar in the spot market, from 331.00/332.00 Friday, dealers said, while bond yields were flat.
By Hiran H Senewiratne
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