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University students’ unions – then and now

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By Hm Nissanka Warakaulle

It is strange how the undergraduate unions have changed from what they were up to the latter half of the last century and the transformation to what they are at present. The Students Unions were not legally mentioned in the 1942 Ordinance which established the University of Ceylon, transforming the existing University College to a fully-fledged university. But the Students Union existed both in Colombo and Peradeniya.

They were never involved in protests or picketing at any time. This was so until under Rama Somasundaram’s (an old Kingswoodian) leadership the first strike by the undergraduates of the Peradeniya campus was staged as a result of the dhoby not bringing the washed clothes in time. This was staged during the time Sir Ivor Jennings was the Vice-Chancellor of the university.

This strike hit the headlines of the newspapers of the time, and if I remember correct, there were pictures of the male undergraduates in sarongs! This strike did not affect anybody outside the university, and it was settled as soon as the laundered clothes were brought to the campus.

The next strike launched by the Student Union was in the first term of the academic year 1959. Our 1959 batch had just entered the university and we had really enjoyed the freshers’ week, when this strike was launched. Most of us were not aware as to the reason for this strike. Sarath Amunugama (later Dr.) was the President of the Students Union.

Every morning during that week the undergraduates would meet in the Arts Theatre and some seniors would address the gathering. On one such day whilst a senior undergraduate Tudor, got onto the stage to address the gathering he was interrupted with humorous remarks and catcalls. He lost his temper and said, “You can interrupt me after I finish” This led to howls of laughter from the audience. After one week the strike was called off and the fun ended for us as freshers.

There was a march by the undergraduates in 1961 when Patrice Lumumba was assassinated on January 17 that year. This march was undertaken by the general body of undergraduates and not initiated by the students union. The students marched to Kandy up to the statue of Governor Ward just past the Queen’s Hotel when there was a heavy downpour. Some of the undergraduates tried to pull the statue down, but to no avail. It was only possible to bend the sword a little. No other damage was done.

It was only in Part X of the Higher Education Act, No, 20 of 1966 that the Student Unions and Student Councils were given legal status. The functions of the Student Council were stipulated in section 60(2) of the Act. In section 60(2)(e) it was clearly stated “to assist the University authorities to maintain discipline among students”.

Section 61 of the above- mentioned Act specifically stated that “No Students’ Council, or Faculty Students’ Union of a Campus or a University shall have any affiliation with any political party whatsoever.”

The subsequent Acts pertaining to the university system such as the University of Ceylon Act, No. 1 of 1972 (in Part V) and the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978 (Part XIV) clearly indicated the functions of the Student Unions. In section 114 of the 1978 Act it is stated that a Student Assembly shall have no affiliation with any organization or body outside the Higher Educational Institution to which such Assembly belongs.

Though section 117 states that the University Grants Commission (UGC) shall prescribe by an Ordinance the duties and functions, and the other matters pertaining to Student Assemblies, this unfortunately has not been done to date though over 45 years have elapsed.

Before 1966, though there was no mention of the Students Union in the Act, the unions were established and functioned effectively publishing a magazine with contributions from the undergraduates. At Peradeniya elections were conducted in the different Halls of Residence. The office bearers so elected formed the Students Union by electing the union office bearers from among their numbers. The main function of the Students Union was to publish the university magazine with articles and poems contributed by undergraduates.

The Students Union never organized strikes, picketing, etc and there were no posters pasted on walls or graffiti scribbled on walls. This is quite a contrast to what prevails now. Whenever a student or some students of any university is/are meted out a punishment for committing an act contrary to what is expected of an undergraduate, the Inter University Student Front (IUSF) would immediately spring into action and organize either a protest outside the particular university or march up to the UGC to demonstrate.

The IUSF takes up cudgels not only regarding university matters, but even national political matters which do not have any relevance to the university system. The IUSF has no legal standing as it has not been named in any of the Acts covering the university system. As such, it is strange how the Ministries, UGC and Universities give recognition to an illegal organization.

I remember during the time of the amalgamated single university, some students belonging to the then Vidyodaya Campus came to the Vice-Chancellor’s office and climbed the wooden staircase (in the building now within the United Nations compound) thumping their feet, walked up to the Vice-Chancellor’s table and the leader, who was the President of the Students Union sat down in front of the Vice-Chancellor (uninvitedto do so) and told him that he was there to look after the students’ interest and if cannot do so to get out! Later this leader was a Cabinet Minister and at one time he was assigned the portfolio of Higher Education!

In the 1980s, the students of all universities got the bright idea of having an inter university student union comprising students of all state universities and it was established under the name Inter University Students Federation (IUSF). Now this union is not a legal body as there is no mention of it in any of the Acts governing the universities currently in operation. But yet it is given due recognition by all governments that come into power and the UGC.

(The writer, an alumnus of the University of Ceylon, Peradeniya, is a former Registrar of the University of Colombo)



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US’ drastic aid cut to UN poses moral challenge to world

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An UN humanitarian mission in the Gaza. [File: Ashraf Amra/Anadolu Agency]

‘Adapt, shrink or die’ – thus runs the warning issued by the Trump administration to UN humanitarian agencies with brute insensitivity in the wake of its recent decision to drastically reduce to $2bn its humanitarian aid to the UN system. This is a substantial climb down from the $17bn the US usually provided to the UN for its humanitarian operations.

Considering that the US has hitherto been the UN’s biggest aid provider, it need hardly be said that the US decision would pose a daunting challenge to the UN’s humanitarian operations around the world. This would indeed mean that, among other things, people living in poverty and stifling material hardships, in particularly the Southern hemisphere, could dramatically increase. Coming on top of the US decision to bring to an end USAID operations, the poor of the world could be said to have been left to their devices as a consequence of these morally insensitive policy rethinks of the Trump administration.

Earlier, the UN had warned that it would be compelled to reduce its aid programs in the face of ‘the deepest funding cuts ever.’ In fact the UN is on record as requesting the world for $23bn for its 2026 aid operations.

If this UN appeal happens to go unheeded, the possibilities are that the UN would not be in a position to uphold the status it has hitherto held as the world’s foremost humanitarian aid provider. It would not be incorrect to state that a substantial part of the rationale for the UN’s existence could come in for questioning if its humanitarian identity is thus eroded.

Inherent in these developments is a challenge for those sections of the international community that wish to stand up and be counted as humanists and the ‘Conscience of the World.’ A responsibility is cast on them to not only keep the UN system going but to also ensure its increased efficiency as a humanitarian aid provider to particularly the poorest of the poor.

It is unfortunate that the US is increasingly opting for a position of international isolation. Such a policy position was adopted by it in the decades leading to World War Two and the consequences for the world as a result for this policy posture were most disquieting. For instance, it opened the door to the flourishing of dictatorial regimes in the West, such as that led by Adolph Hitler in Germany, which nearly paved the way for the subjugation of a good part of Europe by the Nazis.

If the US had not intervened militarily in the war on the side of the Allies, the West would have faced the distressing prospect of coming under the sway of the Nazis and as a result earned indefinite political and military repression. By entering World War Two the US helped to ward off these bleak outcomes and indeed helped the major democracies of Western Europe to hold their own and thrive against fascism and dictatorial rule.

Republican administrations in the US in particular have not proved the greatest defenders of democratic rule the world over, but by helping to keep the international power balance in favour of democracy and fundamental human rights they could keep under a tight leash fascism and linked anti-democratic forces even in contemporary times. Russia’s invasion and continued occupation of parts of Ukraine reminds us starkly that the democracy versus fascism battle is far from over.

Right now, the US needs to remain on the side of the rest of the West very firmly, lest fascism enjoys another unfettered lease of life through the absence of countervailing and substantial military and political power.

However, by reducing its financial support for the UN and backing away from sustaining its humanitarian programs the world over the US could be laying the ground work for an aggravation of poverty in the South in particular and its accompaniments, such as, political repression, runaway social discontent and anarchy.

What should not go unnoticed by the US is the fact that peace and social stability in the South and the flourishing of the same conditions in the global North are symbiotically linked, although not so apparent at first blush. For instance, if illegal migration from the South to the US is a major problem for the US today, it is because poor countries are not receiving development assistance from the UN system to the required degree. Such deprivation on the part of the South leads to aggravating social discontent in the latter and consequences such as illegal migratory movements from South to North.

Accordingly, it will be in the North’s best interests to ensure that the South is not deprived of sustained development assistance since the latter is an essential condition for social contentment and stable governance, which factors in turn would guard against the emergence of phenomena such as illegal migration.

Meanwhile, democratic sections of the rest of the world in particular need to consider it a matter of conscience to ensure the sustenance and flourishing of the UN system. To be sure, the UN system is considerably flawed but at present it could be called the most equitable and fair among international development organizations and the most far-flung one. Without it world poverty would have proved unmanageable along with the ills that come along with it.

Dehumanizing poverty is an indictment on humanity. It stands to reason that the world community should rally round the UN and ensure its survival lest the abomination which is poverty flourishes. In this undertaking the world needs to stand united. Ambiguities on this score could be self-defeating for the world community.

For example, all groupings of countries that could demonstrate economic muscle need to figure prominently in this initiative. One such grouping is BRICS. Inasmuch as the US and the West should shrug aside Realpolitik considerations in this enterprise, the same goes for organizations such as BRICS.

The arrival at the above international consensus would be greatly facilitated by stepped up dialogue among states on the continued importance of the UN system. Fresh efforts to speed-up UN reform would prove major catalysts in bringing about these positive changes as well. Also requiring to be shunned is the blind pursuit of narrow national interests.

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Egg white scene …

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Hi! Great to be back after my Christmas break.

Thought of starting this week with egg white.

Yes, eggs are brimming with nutrients beneficial for your overall health and wellness, but did you know that eggs, especially the whites, are excellent for your complexion?

OK, if you have no idea about how to use egg whites for your face, read on.

Egg White, Lemon, Honey:

Separate the yolk from the egg white and add about a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice and about one and a half teaspoons of organic honey. Whisk all the ingredients together until they are mixed well.

Apply this mixture to your face and allow it to rest for about 15 minutes before cleansing your face with a gentle face wash.

Don’t forget to apply your favourite moisturiser, after using this face mask, to help seal in all the goodness.

Egg White, Avocado:

In a clean mixing bowl, start by mashing the avocado, until it turns into a soft, lump-free paste, and then add the whites of one egg, a teaspoon of yoghurt and mix everything together until it looks like a creamy paste.

Apply this mixture all over your face and neck area, and leave it on for about 20 to 30 minutes before washing it off with cold water and a gentle face wash.

Egg White, Cucumber, Yoghurt:

In a bowl, add one egg white, one teaspoon each of yoghurt, fresh cucumber juice and organic honey. Mix all the ingredients together until it forms a thick paste.

Apply this paste all over your face and neck area and leave it on for at least 20 minutes and then gently rinse off this face mask with lukewarm water and immediately follow it up with a gentle and nourishing moisturiser.

Egg White, Aloe Vera, Castor Oil:

To the egg white, add about a teaspoon each of aloe vera gel and castor oil and then mix all the ingredients together and apply it all over your face and neck area in a thin, even layer.

Leave it on for about 20 minutes and wash it off with a gentle face wash and some cold water. Follow it up with your favourite moisturiser.

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Features

Confusion cropping up with Ne-Yo in the spotlight

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Ne-Yo: His management should clarify the last-minute cancellation

Superlatives galore were used, especially on social media, to highlight R&B singer Ne-Yo’s trip to Sri Lanka: Global superstar Ne-Yo to perform live in Colombo this December; Ne-Yo concert puts Sri Lanka back on the global entertainment map; A global music sensation is coming to Sri Lanka … and there were lots more!

At an official press conference, held at a five-star venue, in Colombo, it was indicated that the gathering marked a defining moment for Sri Lanka’s entertainment industry as international R&B powerhouse and three-time Grammy Award winner Ne-Yo prepares to take the stage in Colombo this December.

What’s more, the occasion was graced by the presence of Sunil Kumara Gamage, Minister of Sports & Youth Affairs of Sri Lanka, and Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism, alongside distinguished dignitaries, sponsors, and members of the media.

Shah Rukh Khan: Disappointed his fans in Sri Lanka

According to reports, the concert had received the official endorsement of the Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau, recognising it as a flagship initiative in developing the country’s concert economy by attracting fans, and media, from all over South Asia.

Nick Carter: His concert, too, was cancelled due to “Unforeseen circumstances

However, I had that strange feeling that this concert would not become a reality, keeping in mind what happened to Nick Carter’s Colombo concert – cancelled at the very last moment.

Carter issued a video message announcing he had to return to the USA due to “unforeseen circumstances” and a “family emergency”.

Though “unforeseen circumstances” was the official reason provided by Carter and the local organisers, there was speculation that low ticket sales may also have been a factor in the cancellation.

Well, “Unforeseen Circumstances” has cropped up again!

In a brief statement, via social media, the organisers of the Ne-Yo concert said the decision was taken due to “unforeseen circumstances and factors beyond their control.”

Ne-Yo, too, subsequently made an announcement, citing “Unforeseen circumstances.”

The public has a right to know what these “unforeseen circumstances” are, and who is to be blamed – the organisers or Ne-Yo!

Ne-Yo’s management certainly need to come out with the truth.

However, those who are aware of some of the happenings in the setup here put it down to poor ticket sales, mentioning that the tickets for the concert, and a meet-and-greet event, were exorbitantly high, considering that Ne-Yo is not a current mega star.

We also had a cancellation coming our way from Shah Rukh Khan, who was scheduled to visit Sri Lanka for the City of Dreams resort launch, and then this was received: “Unfortunately due to unforeseen personal reasons beyond his control, Mr. Khan is no longer able to attend.”

Referring to this kind of mess up, a leading showbiz personality said that it will only make people reluctant to buy their tickets, online.

“Tickets will go mostly at the gate and it will be very bad for the industry,” he added.

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