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Who Stands to Lose? The Effects of GSP+ Withdrawal on Sri Lanka’s Exports and Labour Force

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New IPS Publication:

Growing uncertainties on the future of global trade as President Trump seeks to impose reciprocal tariffs make programmes such as the European Union’s Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+) more significant for small exporters such as Sri Lanka. With a reported visit by EU representatives to assess GSP+, it is important to note that in the absence of the current tariff preferences, Sri Lanka will face a tariff increase up to Most Favoured Nation (MFN) levels, likely resulting in export losses and associated negative labour market effects.

IPS’ latest study titled “Who Stands to Lose? The Effects of GSP+ Withdrawal on

Sri Lanka’s Exports and Labour Force,” by IPS Researchers Dr Asanka Wijesinghe, Chaya Dissanayake and Rashmi Anupama estimates the export loss of Sri Lanka due to a hypothetical tariff increase from GSP+ rates to MFN rates.

The study reveals that the tariff hike in the EU–28 will cause an export loss of United States Dollars (USD) 1.23 billion (Bn) or 36.7% of EU–28 bound exports from the base year 2019 exports.

Sri Lanka’s wearing apparel and processing fish sectors will be the hardest hit and may face significant export losses. Moreover, the fall in import demand from the EU–28 will make 4.99% of total industrial employees in Sri Lanka vulnerable to adverse labour market outcomes.

This study also points to the differential effect of GSP+ preference erosion on women and low and medium–skilled workers, who account for 65.65% of vulnerable workers.

Some key highlights from the study are the following:

Although the wearing apparel sector does not utilise the GSP+ fully, the negative effect is large as the EU tariffs can go up by close to ten percentage points in a loss of GSP+ status.

The EU–28 is a major export destination for relatively high–technology products like transformers, accounting for 50% of Sri Lanka’s exports to the world in 2019. Estimates show that after GSP+ withdrawal, Sri Lanka will lose about 10% of exports to the EU–28 in transformers.

Reduced imports from the EU–28 under MFN tariffs will also make 73,574 workers vulnerable, as per the calculations of embedded employment in the imports by the EU–28.

Overall, 4.99% of the employment in the affected sectors will be vulnerable to a tariff increase, including 13.47% of workers in the wearing apparel sector.

The GSP+ preference erosion in the EU–28 market is worrying, with an estimated USD 1.23 Bn or 36.7%

export loss of the base year export value for Sri Lanka. GSP+ withdrawal will dwindle Sri Lanka’s export value while impeding the diversification of Sri Lanka’s export product basket towards products with high technology content.

Sri Lanka has a strong economic incentive to comply with the agreed–upon conventions, which is a conditionality of the tariff preference. Despite the variation in utilisation rates, the export effect of preference erosion will be substantial.

Although Sri Lanka may lose the preference with gradual economic growth, at the current growth stage of Sri Lanka, GSP+ is an important tariff preference in promoting growth and generating jobs for women and low and medium–skilled workers in the formal manufacturing sector. The loss of GSP+ at the growth stage with higher average income is a much more manageable loss, rather than a preference erosion at the current stage of growth.

WHO STANDS TO LOSE? THE EFFECTS OF GSP+ WITHDRAWAL ON SRI LANKA’S EXPORTS AND LABOUR FORCE can be downloaded from < https://www.ips.lk/who-stands-to-lose-the-effects-of-gsp-withdrawal-on-sri-lankas-exports-and-labor-force/>.



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‘Mangala Samaraweera – a democrat who opposed racism and corruption’

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Former President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga / Late minister Mangala Samaraweera

‘The late Mangala Samaraweera was a true democrat who staunchly opposed racism in all its forms. He was also against corruption. He was a unique person, an achiever, an artist, a creative person, well-read and practical-minded, former President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga said. She believes that if Mangala Samaraweera (MS) lived, Sri Lanka would have been changed entirely for the better.

The former President was speaking at a special Mangala Samaraweera commemorative event held at the auditorium of the Bandaranaike Centre for International Studies (BCIS), Colombo on April 22nd, which featured the donation of Minister Samaraweera’s wide-ranging and abundant private collection of books to several Sri Lankan libraries, including that at the BCIS and the Colombo Public Library.

The programme was termed, ‘Reading with Mangala: Insights into his Personal Library and its Onward Gifting to His Fellow Sri Lankans.’ The event marked MS’ 69th birthday.

The book donation was facilitated by the family of the late minister which coordinated closely with the BCIS to make the event a success. Besides former President Kumaratunga, the event was graced by the BCIS Council of Management, public personalities, associates and colleagues of the former minister, BCIS staffers, students and well-wishers.

At the outset of the commemoration, MS was introduced eloquently and at some length to the audience by the late minister’s niece, Chanchala. MS came across to us, basically, as a multi-talented, well-read, colourful and knowledgeable personality. A resourceful person who could change things for the better.

In a panel discussion featuring many dignitaries on Mangala the person and the public figure, former President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga mentioned the following as well: ‘Mangala had a vision for the country as a public figure and conceptualized policies in accordance with it. Among other things, he persuaded the entire SLFP to resolve the ethnic issue by political means.

‘In a survey done by a foreign company it was revealed initially that only 23 percent of the country’s Sinhala community supported a political solution to the ethnic conflict. I asked Mangala to tell me how our ideas could be taken to the public. He launched work on this project with 19 ministers. One positive result from these deliberations was the ‘Sudu Nelum Movement’ which Mangala backed to the hilt.

‘Subsequently, the message of a negotiated solution was taken to the country through innovative means, like Street Theatre and the ‘Thawalama’ campaign. Mangala gave of his best to these projects. Subsequently, in a second survey done it was disclosed that 68 per cent of the people accepted a political solution. Thus, did Mangala’s positive approach pay off. He stuck to his principles and never betrayed them.’

By Lynn Ockersz

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Japan ready to take on fresh loan projects for Sri Lanka – Ambassador Isomata

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Ambassador Akio Isomata (first from right) at the forum

Japan is ready to undertake fresh loan projects for Sri Lanka since the country has completed its debt restructuring process, Japanese ambassador to Sri Lanka Akio Isomata said.

“Japan is ready to consider taking on such commitments if there is a request from the Sri Lankan end but the undertaking of such projects depends on Sri Lanka’s debt servicing ability, ambassador Isomata added.

The ambassador made these remarks in response to a query raised during a round table discussion organised by the Pathfinder Foundation recently at the Taj Samudra’s Colombo Club. The theme of the event was, “Japan’s response to the US reciprocal tariffs and Japan- Sri Lanka relations in a turbulent world”. The forum was presided over by Pathfinder Foundation chairman ambassador Bernard Goonetilleke.

The ambassador also said that Japan was a victim of corruption in Sri Lanka and expressed optimism that the government would tackle the issue.

“Earlier, there were reports about some Japanese companies facing issues in Sri Lanka in securing investments. Japanese companies strictly observe compliance obligations and therefore never offer bribes or kickbacks, ambassador Isomata explained. Ambassador Isomata said that he attended the function to mark the launch of the ‘National Anti -Corruption Action Plan’ and listened to President Anura Kumara Dissanayake speaking of efforts to address the issue. The ambassador emphasized the need to implement the plan.

Responding to the President’s remarks that politicians belonging to his National People’s Power (NPP) are not involved in any form of corruption, the ambassador said it is equally important to address the same involving Sri Lankan bureaucrats.

Commenting on Japan- Sri Lanka bilateral relations, Isomata said Sri Lanka is a very important partner for Japan in many ways.” As Sri Lanka’s economy is in the process of getting back on track with efforts underway to implement the IMF agreement, along with the debt restructuring agreement, I don’t think Japanese companies will come immediately to make new investments at this stage. But as the Sri Lankan economy goes back on track in a stable manner, I think we can cultivate the interest of Japanese investors to take a closer look at opportunities in Sri Lanka for further investment. We need cooperation with Sri Lankan people, he said.

The ambassador added: “We are seeing increasing numbers of young Sri Lankans going to Japan for employment in Japanese companies. There are two kinds of programmes for inviting young foreign workers into Japan right now.

“One is called the TITP -Technical Intern Training Programme. The second one, recently started, is SSW -Specified Skilled Worker Programme. Under these two programmes, an increasing number of Sri Lankan youngsters are going to Japan right now. We have opened up eight industrial sectors for Sri Lankan workers, starting with caregiving, hotel accommodation, food industry, agriculture, construction and most recently, the transportation sector, like bus driving and truck driving. This will strengthen Japan’s labour market. We need a young labour force because Japan is facing the problem of an ageing society.”

By Hiran H Senewiratne

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SLT-MOBITEL surges ahead with robust Q1 2025 profit growth

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Janaka Abeysinghe, Chief Executive Officer SLT Group

The SLT Group has reported a Profit After Tax (PAT) of Rs. 2,001 million for the first quarter ended March 31, 2025, a surge from Rs. 156 million in Q1 2024, reflecting effective financial management and improved operational efficiency.

SLT Group demonstrated strong performance for the first quarter of 2025, with revenue increasing 3.4% to Rs. 27,851 million. The growth was primarily driven by Mobitel’s contribution of increased revenues while SLT PLC revenue remained stable.

The Group’s cost optimization initiatives continued to yield positive results, with operating expenses decreasing 2.9% amount to Rs. 710 million compared to the same period last year. The reduction, combined with revenue growth, led to a 13% increase in EBITDA to Rs. 10,443 million.

At company level, SLT PLC reported a marginal 0.7% increase in revenue of Rs. 117 million compared to Q1 2024, primarily driven by growth in enterprise, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and broadband streams.

SLT PLC also achieved significant cost declines, with operating expenses decreasing 5.2% amount to Rs. 838 million Year-on-Year (YoY). Notably, electricity expenses fell 38.3% following tariff reductions in March and July 2024. Vehicle hiring and fuel costs also decreased 22.7%, and repair and maintenance expenses curtailed by 12.5%.

SLT PLC specifically demonstrated impressive profit growth, with PAT increasing by 369.9% to Rs. 1,344 million compared to Rs. 286 million in Q1 2024. The notable performance was supported by a 380% surge in Profit Before Tax (PBT) to Rs. 1,920 million and a 60.3% increase in Operating Profit to Rs. 2,538 million.

Mobitel demonstrated strong financial performance in the first quarter of 2025, reporting notable revenue growth supported by the growth of data services. Total revenue reached Rs. 11.8 billion, reflecting the company’s success in capitalizing on demand for digital connectivity. Enhanced top-line performance, combined with effective cost reduction initiatives, led to a significant improvement in profitability.

EBITDA increased by 28.5%, resulting in a healthy EBITDA margin of 30%. Operating profit (EBIT) also recorded a marked improvement by 392%, with a 7% EBIT margin. PBT saw considerable growth, and the company successfully turned around its financial position, moving from a net loss in the first quarter of 2024 to a net profit of Rs. 477 million in the same period of 2025.

Reaffirming its commitment to delivering superior network experiences and the widest coverage across the island, SLT-MOBITEL Mobile was recognized as the country’s fastest 4G network for 2024 by Ookla®, the global leader in internet testing and analysis at Mobile World Congress Barcelona, held in March 2025.

Leveraging strong Q1 results as a foundation for 2025 growth, the SLT Group aims to continue the ongoing digital transformation journey delivering innovative solutions and expanding services to meet customer needs. Through operational efficiency and digital advancement, investing in advanced technologies to strengthen market position, the Group remains committed to supporting Sri Lanka’s digital economy and creating value for all stakeholders.

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