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W.A. de Silva (1869-1942): politician, scholar, agriculturist, Buddhist leader and philanthropist

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(Excerpted from Selected Journalism by HAJ Hulugalle)

To the present generation the late Mr. W A de Silva is a somewhat elusive figure in the national pantheon. Yet in his day he filled a significant role as a politician, scholar, agriculturist, trusted Buddhist leader and inveterate, almost reckless philanthropist. He died 21 years before this was written, before many of the voters of today were born, and his name is rarely mentioned even in what used to be his spacious home which is now a dormitory for parliamentarians.

It is not the fashion to praise famous men of the past, unless – by doing so we can improve our own positions or derive a political dividend. We leave it to the families of the departed to find the money for the statue or the oil painting, and to supply the annual garland to perpetuate the memory of the man or woman who has rendered signal service to the state.

Even when the golden crown of Rajasinghe II was being sliced like a fruit cake, and melted in pieces in Slave Island by cat burglars who had taken it out of the Kandy museum, there was scarcely a sigh.

Mr. W.A de Silva’s memory has recently had to compete with that of the popular novelist of similar name after whom Wellawatte High Street has been restyled. Future generations should be warned that the considerable body of exact scholarship in the leading journals contributed by W. A. de Silva, politician and man of affairs, should not be carelessly credited in the cultural ledger to the account of W.A. de Silva, the writer of romance and essays in Sinhalese which are currently in vogue.

Mr. W.A. de Silva may have been tempted to change his name for the benefit of posterity. But he was hardly the man to change his name, or his coat, usually of the finest quality of China silk, to gain the approval of posterity or the plaudits of the proletariat. His wide reading and travels made him a citizen of the world though he never ceased to be a Buddhist nationalist.

He came from the South, as many famous sons of Ceylon have done, and he was educated at Christian schools like most of our Buddhist leaders of the past. It was only at the tail end of his school career that he went to Royal College for a brief period. He thereafter joined the Bombay Veterinary College where on passing out he was offered a post in India under the distinguished bacteriologist, Dr. Alfred Lingard.

He returned to Ceylon, but the Government service could not confine him. Indeed, it soon became obvious that he was meant for other things than veterinary science, important as this branch of learning must be for the development of a country. He was in a position to please himself, for he had married a daughter of Mudaliyar Sri Chandrasekera, one of the leading businessmen of the day.

In any case W. A. de Silva was not the man to hide his talent wrapped in a napkin. He was one of the pioneer rubber planters in the heyday of the industry and as a scientific agriculturist of the same class as Sir Marcus Fernando, Sir Henry de Mel and Mr. C.E.A Dias. He planted nearly a thousand acres at Srinivasa estate, Waga, which is now the fully bud-grafted property of Mr. G.G. Ponnambalam, Q. C.

When Mr. de Silva entered on a political career he was already a rich man, broadcasting his bounty.

When I first knew him he was nearing 50 years of age. He was joint Secretary with Mr. D. R. Wijewardene, of the Ceylon Reform League, formed on May 17, 1917, six weeks after Sir Ponnambalam Arunachalam, recently retired from the Civil Service, delivered his famous address on “The Political Needs of Ceylon”. The two secretaries were men of leisure and integrity, unaffected by the winds of rhetoric amply provided by some of their colleagues, and prepared to work unobtrusively.

The meetings of the Reform League was held either at “Rippleworth”, the residence of James Peiris, or “Ponklaar”, the residence of Sir Ponnambalam. I was taken to a couple of these meetings by Mr. D.R. Wijewardene who was then my boss, to keep a note of the proceedings for the official minutes and also prepare a press release.

The men I saw there – Arunachalam, James Peiris, D.B. Jayatilaka, W.A. de Silva, F.R. Senanayake, E.J. Samarawickrama, Francis de Zoysa, E.W. Perera and Dr. C.A. Hewavitarana – were not in their first youth. None of them were alive when Ceylon gained her political independence -“sic nos non vobis mellificatis apes.” (So we the bees make honey, but not for ourselves)

Jayatilaka, W.A. de Silva, Hewavitarana and the Senanayakes had been imprisoned during the 1915 riots without a tittle of evidence to connect them with the disturbances. The iron did not enter their souls, and they redoubled their efforts to make Ceylon a happier country for those who came after them.

As a school boy I often cycled through Flower Road and was fascinated with “Sravasti” just completed, and on the other side of the road, “Srimethipaya” the residence of Mr. A.E. de Silva, the father of Sir Ernest. Alas, they are no longer the stately and well-kept homes of the elite. They seem to say, in Omar Khayam’s words, “the lions and the lizards keep the courts where Jamshid gloried”.

Mr. and Mrs. W. A. de Silva were the great political hosts of the day. “Sravasti” was a salon as Londonderry House used to be under Tory governments in England. A report of the meeting of the Ceylon National Congress held in October 1920 says: “At the adjournment of Congress, the gathering -delegates, visitors and ladies-present, accepted the invitation of Mr. and Mrs. W. A. de Silva to a garden party at their spacious residence “Sravasti”, Edinburgh Crescent, where the host and hostess, assisted by many friends and relations, dispensed hospitality and provided the several hundreds of people so favoured with a most pleasant ending to a memorable day”.

“Sravasti” also welcomed distinguished visitors to Ceylon, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, Jawarhalal Nehru, Srinivasa Sastri, B.G. Thilak, Bepin Chandra Pal and Sir Jagadas Chandra Bose from India and Ramsay MacDonald and Josiah Wedgewood, British parliamentarians. At “Sravasti”, Mr de Silva had the best private library in the. island. It was modelled on Sir Walter Scott’s library in Edinburgh and had a unique collection of books on Ceylon including some 1,200 ola manuscripts which he presented to the Colombo Museum.

He did not merely collect books. He read them and enjoyed them, and gave many excellent lectures which are preserved in the Journals of the Royal Asiatic Society and other publications. Like his life-long friend, D.B. Jayatilaka, he was able to find refreshment in these studies while engaged in the hurly-burly of politics. He was twice President of the Ceylon National Congress and his addresses were models of sober thinking, moderate speech and grasp of the practical problems of a changing society. They show remarkable foresight and anticipate many of the issues which engage the politicians of today.

The varied interests of Mr. and Mrs. de Silva took them to many countries and it was always a delight to talk to them about their travels. Sometimes travel was mixed with business. In 1919 Mr. de Silva was a member of the deputation which met Lord Milner, then the Secretary of State for Colonial Affairs. It was led by Mr. H.J.C. Pereira, the brilliant advocate, and included D.B. Jayatilaka, W.A. de Silva, Father Nicholas Perera O. M. I., Dr. V. Gabriel and Professor D.M. de Z. Wickremasinghe of Oxford.

D.B. Jayatilaka, writing about it to Sir Ponnambalam Arunachalam said: “The interview with Lord Milner on the 15th instant (October 1919) was a success. He was very courteous and affable and gave us it patient hearing. Mr. H.J.C. Pereira was splendid. He put the case for Reform its strongly as the most enthusiastic of us could desire. Mr. W.A. de Silva will remain in England till the end of March. I shall place him in touch with everything before I leave. I have not the slightest doubt that he will do the needful to the satisfaction of all”.

Mr. de Silva entered the Legislative Council in 1924 as a Member for the Central Province and continued there until the Legislative Council was replaced by the State Council in 1931. He then became the Member for Moratuwa and held the seat up to his death on March 31, 1942. He was Minister of Health during the six years from 1936 to 1942.

Towards the beginning of his career as Minister, Ceylon was visited by a virulent malaria epidemic. Malaria was a subject on which Mr. de Silva had much experience for he was the pioneer and probably the most successful large-scale entrepreneur in the malaria-ridden dry zone. After the first world war there was an acute shortage of rice in the island and the Government decided to give large tracts of land for paddy cultivation to joint stock companies, syndicates and individual capitalists.

The Ceylon Mills Ltd, took a lease of 5,000 acres of jungle land. European planting interests, forming themselves into a public company under the name of the Minneriya Development Company, took a lease of 9,000 acres. The Low Country Products Association leased 2,600 acres under the Kirindi Oya. All these projects folded up within a few years, defeated by malaria and lack of labour.

Mr. W. A. de Silva in 1920 took a 99-year lease of 1,169 acres under the Nachaduwa Irrigation Scheme. This land named Sravasti estate, was fed from the Nachaduwa tank which the Government had restored in 1914. In the same year the Government had settled a hundred families in a block of 500 acres which formed the nucleus of the Nachaduwa Colonisation Scheme. However the Government had to abandon their colony as the people could not stand up to the repeated attacks of malaria which sapped their stamina and left them physically debilitated.

Mr. W. A. de Silva persevered. He opened up 750 acres in paddy and on the high land he grew coconuts and dry zone vegetables. These were no tractors and earth-moving equipment then. The entire land was cleared, irrigation and distribution channels constructed and a network of roads laid down entirely by manual labour. A resident apothecary, well provided with drugs looked after the health of the workers. Labour was recruited through advertisements in the newspapers. The Ratmale railway station was established on the estate.

The financial strain of these efforts impoverished the patriotic benefactor but their results are seen today in smiling fields and trim cottages. His work in many fields has borne rich fruit, as in the hundreds of Buddhist schools throughout the island, but his pioneer work in the dry zone was perhaps his most notable contribution.

One is reminded again of what the late Pope is alleged to have said about his peasant father. ‘There are three ways of losing money: wine, women and agriculture. My father chose the dullest way of the three”. Agriculture had made Mr. de Silva rich and agriculture ruined him financially when he turned from self-interest to the public interest. But it did not make him unhappy.

Owing to the diversity of his interests it is not possible to rubber stamp Mr. W. A. de Silva and say he was essentially this or that. All the causes he served were worthy ones, and he succeeded in most of them to an outstanding degree. But above all he was a man with a humble and contrite heart and it was a rare experience to converse with him in his declining years as he sat in the armchair at the foot of the grand staircase at “Sravasti”. He had faith, hope and charity – above all, charity.



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Combining local resources,traditional knowledge and science to build a food-secure Sri Lanka

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World Food Day 2026: Innovating today for a better food future

by Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

What will be on the Sri Lankan dinner table ten years from now? Will our children be able to get nutritious food at a price their families can afford? Will farmers be able to grow enough despite changing weather and rising costs? And how much of the food we produce will actually reach the consumer, instead of being lost or wasted along the way?

These questions can’t wait. A farmer faces unpredictable weather. A family faces rising food costs. Fruit goes unsold after a good harvest. Some children do not get enough nutrition. The future of food is tied to the future of Sri Lanka itself.

World Food Day 2026 is a chance to look beyond the immediate problems and ask whether we can build a food system that feeds our people well, gives farmers better opportunities, protects the environment and makes better use of what we already have. The answer can be yes, but we will have to think differently.

We are not starting from zero. Sri Lanka has diverse crops, fisheries, traditional food knowledge, indigenous varieties, research institutions, universities and a young generation able to create new solutions. What we need is to bring these together and act. Producing more will not secure our food future on its own. It will depend on how intelligently we produce, process, preserve, distribute and consume food.

Making more of what we already have

Innovation does not always mean inventing something new. Often it means finding better uses for the resources we have.

Sri Lanka grows traditional rice varieties, kurakkan, green gram, cowpea, jackfruit, breadfruit, cassava, sweet potato, coconut and palmyrah. All of them have great potential for modern, nutritious, value-added foods. Jackfruit and breadfruit can be made into flour and other convenient products. Traditional rice varieties can go into new foods that suit changing consumer needs. Palmyrah, with its strong cultural heritage, can create new income through better processing, packaging, quality assurance and market development.

The aim is to connect our traditional food knowledge with modern consumer needs and technology, while keeping our food heritage.

Stop wasting the food we produce

Reducing food loss and waste should be a major priority. Seasonal fruits such as mango, banana, papaya and pineapple can be lost in large quantities when production exceeds demand or when storage, transport and processing facilities are inadequate. With suitable technology, these fruits can become dried products, pulps, powders, beverages and other shelf-stable foods.

Agricultural and fisheries by-products are resources too. They could be turned into food ingredients, animal feed, bio-based products and other useful materials, which would move us toward a more circular food economy.

Technology alone is not enough. We need stronger local processing facilities, cold storage, efficient transport, collection centres and market information systems, especially close to where food is produced. Cutting food loss raises the value of what our farmers and fishers already produce.

Nutrition and food safety come first

Food security means more than having enough food. People also need food that is safe and nutritious.

Sri Lanka can develop affordable, nutritious foods from local pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits and fish. Children and other vulnerable groups should get particular attention. Schoolchildren in particular deserve a focus: safe, nutritious, locally sourced products for school feeding programs would support child nutrition, local farmers and domestic food industries at the same time.

Food safety must stay at the centre of food innovation. Good hygiene, quality control, laboratory testing, traceability and appropriate food safety systems are what make new products safe as well as attractive and nutritious.

A food system that can cope with climate change

Climate change is already affecting agricultural production, water availability, crop yields and food prices. We need food systems that can handle changing conditions. That means climate-resilient crops, efficient water use, soil and water conservation, better storage and resource-efficient food processing.

Traditional knowledge matters here. Generations of Sri Lankan farmers have developed practices suited to local climates and ecosystems. Combining that experience with modern science can give us solutions that fit local conditions and are sustainable. Technology alone will not build the future of food. Science, experience and local knowledge together can.

Give young people a bigger role

Sri Lanka’s universities have an important part to play in shaping our food future. Young people should be encouraged to identify real problems in the food system and work on practical solutions in areas such as food waste, sustainable packaging, nutrition, food safety, modernising traditional foods and digital technologies.

A good research project should not always end as a research paper. Where appropriate, research should be supported to move on to products, technologies, enterprises and community solutions. That needs stronger partnerships between universities and industry, along with mentoring, research funding, business support and market connections. If young researchers and entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into viable food innovations, both consumers and producers will benefit.

A pathway designed for Sri Lanka

We do not need to copy food-system models from other countries. We can build a pathway that suits our own resources, culture and needs. It would bring together local resources, traditional knowledge, scientific research, appropriate technology and entrepreneurship, with farmers, fishers, universities, research institutions, food industries, entrepreneurs and policymakers working side by side.

The goal goes beyond selling raw materials. We need to create more value, reduce waste, improve nutrition, generate jobs and strengthen rural livelihoods. This matters especially for small and medium-scale food enterprises, which can drive local economic development when they get the right technical, financial and market support.

The choices we make today

The food future will not create itself. It will be shaped by what we grow, what we research, what we process, what we consume and what we choose not to waste.

So, the question for World Food Day 2026 is this: what can we do today so that every Sri Lankan has safe, nutritious, affordable and sustainable food tomorrow?

The answers are already around us, in our farms, fisheries, food businesses, universities, laboratories and communities. We have the resources, the traditional knowledge, the scientific expertise and talented young people. What we need now is to connect them and act.

A better food future begins with the choices we make today.

Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

Senior Lecturer, Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna

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20th Anniversary of Digampathana blast – the day Sri Lanka Navy cried

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Aftermath of the terror attack

By Admiral Ravindra C Wijegunaratne
WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI (M) (Pakistan), ndc, psn, Bsc
(Hons) (War Studies) (Karachi) MPhil (Madras)
Former Navy Commander and Former Chief of Defence Staff
Former Chairman, Trincomalee Petroleum Terminals Ltd
Former Managing Director Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Former High Commissioner to Pakistan

The Digampathana suicide truck attack on 16th October 2006 remains the deadliest single strike in Sri Lanka Navy history, leaving scars that time cannot erase.

It was a seemingly ordinary Monday morning on 16 October 2006, but the calm of that day would soon be shattered in a way none of us could have imagined. As the Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy and Flag Officer Commanding Naval Fleet at Trincomalee, I was aware that a number of my cadets were travelling that morning, part of a convoy of fifteen buses carrying naval personnel from Trincomalee, Colombo, and other bases, heading toward Dambulla to rendezvous with another group. The convoy also included trucks and escort vehicles, a routine movement planned and coordinated with the army to ensure the roads were clear. The morning started quietly. Some personnel greeted friends, handed over their weapons, or strolled to a nearby tea shop. It all seemed so ordinary—too ordinary for what would come next.

Sri Lanka Navy sunk LTTE Ships carrying arms, ammunition and warlike materials thousand miles away from Sri Lanka in Indian Ocean in September and October 2007.

By late morning, both convoys had reached the small ground at Digampathana, near the Sigiriya junction, and personnel mingled briefly, unaware that a carefully orchestrated act of terror was waiting. Then, suddenly, an empty half-truck veered directly into the convoy. It exploded with a ferocity I can still recall as if it were yesterday. Nuts, bolts, and high explosives tore through the air. Pandemonium erupted instantly. I later learned that 107 of our naval personnel were killed on the spot and another 153 critically injured. The scene was indescribable—bodies scattered, vehicles mangled, personal effects strewn across the ground. I remember later hearing that the head of the suicide bomber was recovered more than 100 meters away from the blast, a grim testament to the sheer force of the explosion.

I was in my office at the Naval and Maritime Academy when my mobile phone rang. A young midshipman from the 21st intake called, his voice trembling: “Sir, there was a huge explosion at the convoy point! Many are dead … my batch mate Wijesundara is among them.” I immediately jumped into my jeep with my escort Chief Petty Officer and driver and rushed to Digampathana, relying on every ounce of my driving skill to reach the scene. The journey, which usually took little more than an hour, felt endless that day, each passing mile weighed down by dread.

When I arrived, I was confronted with a sight that no training can prepare you for. The injured were being rushed to Dambulla Hospital, where doctors and nurses worked tirelessly, improvising in ways that saved lives despite the overwhelming chaos. I went back to the site after visiting the hospital. The remains of our naval personnel were scattered across the ground, and someone had begun collecting weapons and protective gear. I immediately contacted Surgeon Rear Admiral Nico Jayasekara and received his instructions: collect all body parts in separate bags and transport them to the Trincomalee Naval Hospital mortuary. This gruesome work had to be done with care and dignity, and it filled the icebox in my vehicle. Through DNA testing initiated by Rear Admiral Nico, we were able to identify every naval personnel lost that day, bringing some closure to grieving families.

The Navy Commander at the time, Vice Admiral Wasantha Karannagoda, was devastated. I had worked closely with him and knew how deeply he cared for his men. He ensured that the fallen were honoured with full ceremonial naval funerals at Welisara Naval Base, attended by families and comrades. Sixty-seven funerals were conducted in a single day—a number that still haunts me.

The Digampathana attack remains the largest single loss of naval life in our history. It was a day of sorrow, but also a day that reinforced our resolve. The tragedy galvanized the Navy to target the LTTE Sea Tiger wing with renewed determination and reshaped our maritime operations forever. Every time I think of that day, I remember not just the lives lost, but the courage, professionalism, and dedication of those who survived, those who treated the injured, and those who ensured the fallen were honored properly. May the souls of our naval hero’s rest in peace, their sacrifice guiding us and inspiring generations of naval personnel to come.

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‘Murder at Whitby Abbey’

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Tales of Mystery and Suspense – 24

I was intrigued by the title of a book I found in a book drop at the condominium of a friend, Murder at Whitby Abbey, and I brought it home with me though I will not be able to return it in the near future. It was described on the cover page as ‘a standout in the crowded medieval mystery field’, though I fear I do not know of other books in this field, apart from the Cadfael series, which I have dealt with earlier.

The book, by Cassandra Clark, is set during the reign of Richard II and has as a backdrop his precarious position, which led to his being replaced, and murdered, by his cousin Henry, who reigned as Henry IV. It is a gloomy book, the action taking place in the twelve days of Christmas leading up to the Epiphany. And the gloom is pervasive, even though this is supposed to be a time of festivity, with mummers performing, and many of those in the guest house where the heroine stays going to town to enjoy themselves, with much drinking and much music, which also fills the guesthouse.

The heroine Hildegarde is a nun, sent to try to acquire a relic being sold by Whitby Abbey, though this was also a penance set by the Abbot of the monastery that governed her abbess because she had had sex with a man. Soon after she and her companions reach the Abbey set high on a cliff, she finds that there are other bidders, and soon suspects that the hierarchy, not perhaps the Abbot who seems a weakling, but his rapacious bursar, is determined to make money, and not above creating false relics to sell to several aspirants.

After Hildegarde and her Cistercian companions – Whitby is a Benedictine Foundation – two monks, Gregory and Egbert, and a young priest Mark, reach the abbey, they find that Aelwyn, a monk they had met on their way to the guesthouse had died. This was in the apple store, and they realize, when they find the surplices of novices stuffed into the air vents, that he had been left to suffocate in the overwhelming scent of apples.

Clark

The Cistercians are asked to look into the death, perhaps because they are likely to get no cooperation from the Abbey folk, but perhaps because those in charge are keen to know what happened. And the infirmarer, an old monk, suggests Hildegarde talk to a man called Edred who worked for the bursar, and had been a friend of Aelwyn’s. But Edred too is killed, before he can keep an appointment he had made with Hildegarde, drowned in a pool near the farmhouse of the Abbey.

Meanwhile tensions arise between the fisherfolk and the abbey for the bursar wants to charge them for using the beach that technically belongs to the abbey to dry their fish and their nets. This leads to physical battles, when the guards used by the abbey, under the command it seems of the bursar whose determination to make money is not resisted by the abbot and the prior, try to storm the area where the fishermen live.

Hildegard finds out more about what had happened through two youngsters, one of whom Torold is the son of Aelwyn by a woman who worked as a prostitute for a cartel, and with whom Mark fell in love. The other works on the farm and had seen Edred meet someone near the pool, after which that someone left the place by himself. And the boy had also found in the pool a sort of dagger with the seal of the abbey.

He and his dog, and Torold who follows her, rescue Hildegarde from a man at arms who has waylaid her and tries to rape her earlier. Escaping into the abbey she was nearly been raped then by the bursar, but she managed to escape, in the process setting fire to him and the muniments room, which led, when he was rescued, to the discovery of a box with the money he said had been stolen, blame being cast on both Aelwyn and Edred.

Matters come to a head when the fisherfolk try to storm the abbey, being resisted by the men at arms stationed on the towers. But then Hildegarde realizes that behind the murders was the bursar’s clerk, whom she pursued to the cathedral. There is great drama then as she escapes from him when he tries to kill her, and then from the man at arms who had tried to both rape and kill her, but they both fall from the scaffolding she had climbed, the latter coming from a tower where he had been stationed.

Both of them think they run the rapacity of the abbey, the latter claiming to work for the nobles opposed to Richard, who is presented throughout the book as devoted to his subjects, not to power or money. But though the villains die, the bursar continues, having got over the hysteria the fire had caused and his acknowledgment then of guilt – and though the abbot and the prior seem less vicious, whether they will be able to assert themselves is questionable.

Before the climax, when the others in the guesthouse were leaving, Hildegarde found that two of them were in possession of the relic, for which they seem to have paid well. Hildegarde herself had made a derisory offer, but before she leaves the abbot gives her the relic, perhaps in gratitude for what she and her fellow Cistercians had discovered, the abbey having made as much money as it needed and more from the gullible other buyers.

Mark’s inamorata is saved from the stews because she moves in with Edred’s widow whom the bursar had thrown out of the rooms he occupied when her husband was found dead. Hildegarde had paid for lodgings, in a house run by the man who ran the brothels, but he had a kindly side and was going to finance them to make nets for the fishermen.

So, the Cistercians set off for their home as swiftly as they can to get there on the day of the Epiphany, having stopped en route to pray for King Richard whose birthday it was.

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