Features
Sri Lanka’s health revolution: Taking a stand against trans fats in food products
By Subajiny Sivakanthan
(Ph.D., M.Phil., B.Sc.)
Senior Lecturer
Faculty of Agriculture
University of Jaffna
Sri Lanka is on the brink of a health revolution as it takes decisive steps to combat a silent yet potent threat in our food products: Trans fats. In a bold move aimed at safeguarding public health and promoting well-being, Sri Lanka has enacted regulations Food (Trans Fat) Regulations (2022) with effect from January 1, 2025, to ban and limit trans fats in food items, marking a significant milestone in the nation’s journey towards a healthier future.
Trans fats have long been the silent danger lurking in our food, posing a significant threat to public health worldwide. Trans fats exist in a semisolid to solid state and can be classified as naturally occurring and industrially produced (artificial trans fats) and they have no known health benefits. Trans fatty acids occur naturally in minute quantities in meat and milk derived from ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats and these naturally occurring trans fats do not harm human health. Industrially produced trans fats are associated with the detrimental effects on human health. The major proportion of dietary trans fats is produced during the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils. These partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are used as ingredients in a variety of foods such as shortenings and margarines, fried foods, baked products (crackers, doughnuts, and pies), pancake, and hot chocolate mix. Moreover, some other food processing such as oil refining, and frying also can generate a significant amount of trans fats. Frying foods using oils containing high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids at temperatures above 200 °C for a prolonged period of time and reuse of frying oils generates trans fats. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are widely used in Sri Lanka to manufacture margarines and shortenings and by restaurants and street vendors.
These industrially produced trans fats have been linked to a plethora of health issues such as the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke, by raising levels of bad (LDL) cholesterol and lowering levels of good (HDL) cholesterol in the blood. Trans fats are also associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases stand out as the major cause of death globally attributed to unhealthy diet as one of the leading risk factors. Among the dietary factors, high intake of trans-fat is linked with a 34% increase in the risk of death from any cause, a 28% rise in coronary heart disease deaths, and a 21% rise in coronary heart disease risk. Every year, globally, about 300,000 deaths are attributed to the consumption of industrially produced trans-fat. In Sri Lanka, ischemic heart diseases continue to be a leading cause of death, comprising approximately 18% (6,665) of the total deaths attributed to the top 10 causes in 2020. As awareness grows about the detrimental effects of trans fats on public health, global initiatives have emerged to mitigate their presence in the global food supply and promote healthier dietary practices.
In 2003, the US Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) introduced stringent regulations to reduce trans fats. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also recommended that saturated fat intake should be limited to less than 10% of total energy intake, and trans fat intake should be kept below 1% of total energy intake. These recommendations and regulatory measures from the WHO have significantly influenced the food industry, leading to changes in practices and product formulations to align with public health objectives and consumer preferences for healthier choices.
The WHO has prioritized the elimination of trans fats in its 13th General Programme of Work (GPW13). In 2018, the WHO launched the REPLACE action framework, calling for the global eradication of industrially produced trans fatty acids by 2023. This framework serves as a roadmap for countries to remove these harmful fats from their food systems. The WHO has further supported countries by releasing six implementation modules for REPLACE and introducing the trans fat Country Score Card, a tool to track country progress towards reaching the 2023 target.

As of now, 3.7 billion people (around half of the world’s population) across 57 countries are under mandatory limits on trans fats or bans on partially hydrogenated oils. Over the past two years, 27 countries have adopted policies aligned with WHO’s guidelines for trans-fat elimination. The WHO stated that the elimination of trans fats from the food supply can help attain the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets of reducing premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases by one-third by 2030. Sri Lanka joined this effort by enacting trans-fat regulations effective from January 1, 2024. (See map)
A landscape analysis of the policy environment, trans-fat levels in foods, and consumption patterns in a nationally representative sample was carried out in Sri Lanka by the WHO in 2020. This analysis aimed to understand the current status of trans fats within Sri Lanka’s food industry and evaluate the feasibility of implementing mandatory trans-fat regulations. The findings from this assessment revealed that, while some foods contained higher levels of trans fats (although generally less than 2% of total fat), they were not consumed daily at either the household or individual level (limited to adolescents only). The most frequent consumption frequency observed was three to four times per week among a fifth of the studied population. Furthermore, laboratory analyses of oils, fats, and various food products sourced from both formal and informal sectors indicated that the overall trans-fat content was typically below 2% of total fat across most products.
The Food (Trans Fat) Regulations (2022) requires packaged food containing trans fats to label the trans fats content as per 100g or 100ml of the food product. It prohibits the sale of any food, in which the content of trans fats other than trans fats naturally occurring in fat of animal origin exceeds two percent of the total fat contained in the food, as well as bans the manufacture, import, transport, distribution, storage, or sale of any partially hydrogenated oils. Moreover, it bans the use of partially hydrogenated oils in food preparation or as an ingredient in food products. However, any food or food ingredient with naturally occurring trans fats having iodine values greater than four, shall not be considered to contain partially hydrogenated oils, unless it is hydrogenated and not completely or near completely saturated.
The enactment of new trans-fat regulations in Sri Lanka signifies a pivotal step towards safeguarding public health and promoting healthier dietary practices. The responsibilities shared between government authorities, food industries, health professionals, advocacy groups, and international organizations underscore the collective effort needed to achieve compliance, protect consumer well-being, and raise awareness about the risks associated with trans fats. Through collaboration and coordinated efforts, positive changes are anticipated in the country’s food industry, public health landscape, and overall consumer well-being as a result of these regulatory measures.
Resources
·
Food (Trans-Fat) Regulations, (2022), under section 32 of the Food Act, No. 26 of 1980
· World Health Organization. 2021. Countdown to 2023 WHO report on global trans-fat elimination 2021.
· World Health Organization. 2020. Landscape analysis of trans-fat limits for Sri Lanka. Policy Brief
· Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka. 2023. Annual Health Bulletin – 2020.
Features
The Division Bell Mystery
Tales of Mystery and Suspense 3
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
The Brahms and Simon detective novels, the first of which I wrote about last week, were amongst several books by the pair that Robert Scoble gave me when I was in Australia towards the end of last year. Amongst them was another thriller of a very different sort, though that too was written and set between the wars.
Called The Division Bell Mystery, it was set in the House of Commons, the first such book I believe, and was by Ellen Wilkinson, a Labour MP who became Minister of Education in Attlee’s government after the war, having served previously as Parliamentary Private Secretary to several ministers. Her hero Robert West is also a PPS, but a conservative, and his Minister, of Home Affairs, is an old style aristocrat, not much loved by the less orthodox Prime Minister, who nevertheless needs his support on many occasions.
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
West was just outside the door when the shot was heard, and when he opened it saw only the dead body with a revolver beside it. The assumption that this was suicide was however challenged by Oissel’s grand-daughter Annette, who was his heir, on the grounds that he would never have killed himself. But her view was given greater credence by the Inspector put in charge of the case who said there were no burn marks on the body which would have been the case had Oissel fired the pistol himself.
Matters are complicated by the fact that Oissel’s flat had been burgled while he was at dinner, and Jenks the policeman allocated to him, who had served the Home Secretary and seemed more acceptable to Oissel than someone from the Security Service, had been killed. Matters get even more complicated when Annette says her grand-father’s notebook in which he wrote his secrets in cipher was missing.
That was found in Jenks’ pocket, and then a photographer came to West to say he had been asked by Jenks to photograph this. More worryingly for West, he finds in the Home Secretary’s drawer a few pages from the notebook with what appears to be an interpretation of the cipher.
Overwhelmed by all this he confides in a recently created peer who knows all about the business world, who insists that they leave the house party at which they had met over dinner and discuss the matter with the Prime Minister who promptly summons the Home Secretary.
But the Home Secretary had gone to Scotland to launch a ship over the weekend, so the meeting could take place only on the morning of the Monday, when difficult questions were expected on the adjournment motion. He admits at the meeting that he had got Jenks to take the notebook, and also that he knew the code since it had been created by him and Oissel when they were young.
He thought he should resign, and even contemplated suicide, but the Prime Minister told him that that would be even worse for the government, and that he should go home to bed. The Prime Minister said that he himself would handle the question, which he did with aplomb, insisting that confidentiality was needed until the inquest. What had happened would be made clear then, he declared, leaving West and Inspector Blackit and Lord Dalbeattie what seemed the impossible task of solving the murder.
Dalbeattie had suggested that West ask a female Labour MP who was very fond of him to get what information she could from the staff. That there was some involvement there had become clear when West, going back late one night to collect a briefcase he had left in a dining room, found someone lurking in the dark in the corridor outside the private rooms. Room J, where the murder had happened, was meant to be guarded throughout by a policeman, but he had left the room having felt dizzy, and it seemed that his coffee had been drugged. West’s sudden appearance however had prevented anyone else getting into the room.
Dalbeattie decides to recreate the scene of the murder and has a dinner party in Room J on the Tuesday night, inviting West and Annette and the society hostess at whose house he had met, and also Patrick Kinnaird, an MP who was engaged to Annette, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Home Ministry.
After coffee Inspector Blackit comes in with Grace, the Labour MP who had got the confidence of the staff, and a journalist who had also been helpful, and just as they say they think they are on the track the division bell rings. Grace jumps up and tells the Inspector that that provides the solution and they get a ladder, and sure enough find the revolver in the space where the bell is. Directed at the place where Oissel had sat, it had been primed to go off with the ringing of the bell. The waiter who had helped to set things up made clear who the murderer had been.
The reason for the murder and the confused motives of all those involved made for a fascinatingly intricate mix. But also impressive in the book were the descriptions of the isolation possible in the crowded premises of the house, the forceful characterization of the members – Grace based on the writer, the society hostess based on Nancy Astor, the first female MP – and the laid back nature of senior politicians which West realized had to change in the brave new world of high finance.
Features
The challenge of keeping value-based politics alive
The current outbreak of anti-immigrant protests in Durban, South Africa is bound to have taken many a subscriber to value-based politics or political idealism quite by surprise. After all, this is evidence that despite the historic accomplishments of nation-builders of the stature of the late President Nelson Mandela it cannot be taken for granted that identity politics, including racism in its worst forms, is no more in South Africa.
At the time of this writing details are scarce on the substantive root causes of the protests but it could very well be that economic grievances, particularly on the part of the majority community in South Africa, are contributing considerably to the disaffection. Shrinking employment and material prospects are likely to figure majorly among the factors igniting the unrest.
Fortunately, the local authorities in Durban are losing no time in calling for peaceful co-existence among the relevant communities and are pointing to the vital importance of stepping-up national integration processes. Apparently, immigrants in sizable numbers from neighbouring countries are present in Durban. However, international TV footage of the protests quoted some local authorities as saying that the majority of the immigrants in some centres that housed them were not illegal migrants and had the documents that entitle them to be in Durban.
In the Durban protests the world has fresh proof of the socially divisive consequences of the gathering globe-wide economic disaffection, touched off particularly by the continuing crisis in West Asia. Going ahead, the world would need to brace for increasing identity-based unrest of the kind it is just witnessing in South Africa.
Considering that the material lot of ordinary people everywhere could only aggravate progressively, with the US and Iran showing no signs of negotiating an end to their confrontation any time soon, it will be left to the more democratic and progressive sections of the world community to initiate positive measures collectively to bring a measure of relief to the discontented.
The swiftness with which such relief will be provided would depend crucially on the importance those sections taking up these undertakings attach to value-based politics as opposed to Realpolitik of power politics.
Going by these yardsticks, Italy could be considered to be moving in the right direction. Recently Italy came to the fore in initiating the collective named, ‘Rome Coalition for Food Security and Access to Fertilizer’, which has as one of its aims the swift provision of fertilizer to economically weak African countries.
In a recent statement Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Antonio Tajani, said that a principal aim of the project was to ensure that the farmers of Africa gained easy access to fertilizer, considering that food security is a growing concern among some of Africa’s economically vulnerable countries.
The statement went on to mention that some 30 countries hailing from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Balkans as well as the FAO had been invited to join the coalition. The venture is far-seeing in that food security is main among the reasons for social discontent which in turn could degenerate into endemic political turmoil and bloodshed. Separatist violence and geographical fragmentation of countries wouldn’t be too far behind these developments, as Africa itself has often proved.
It is hoped that more G7 countries would take the cue from Italy and do what they could to ease the hardships of economically distressed countries, particularly of the global South. In these efforts they would need to break rank with the US, which is today brutally indifferent to the consequences of its policy of making ‘America First’, come what may.
Going by current developments, the Trump administration seems to be blithely oblivious to the wider, deleterious effects of its policy course in West Asia. Besides rendering Iran militarily and otherwise impotent nothing else seems to matter to Washington, as regards West Asia. This is policy short-sightedness of an extreme kind. After all, right now West Asia could be said to be sitting on the proverbial powder keg.
On the other hand, Iran is not giving the world the impression that it is doing anything constructive to get out of the policy straitjacket that it wove for itself decades ago. Rather than enter into a policy of ‘live and let live’ in relation to Israel in particular and initiate a process of reconciliation with the latter, it has chosen to operate within policy parameters that continue to damn Israel. This has put Israel always on the ‘defensive’ so to speak and prevented the opening up of space for meaningful dialogue.
That said, Israel is obliged to explore the possibilities of entering into a negotiatory process with the Arab-Islamic world that could lead to a de-escalation of tensions and bloodshed. It cannot continue to look at its neighbours through lenses that distort them as archetypal enemies who should be ‘wiped off completely from the face of the earth.’
In other words, the need is urgent for Realpolitik to give way to value-based politicks. Italy is beginning to prove that the latter approach could be pursued with some success. May be the EU and the UK could throw their weight behind these initiatives as well and establish that international politics could be refashioned on the basis of humane, civilized norms. The UN would need to be fully supportive of these moves and prove an organizational nucleus of the operations that follow.
In fact the time is ripe for people of conscience to collectively stand up on the side of peace and say ‘No’ to war and violence. Organizations such as the ICRC, the WHO and Medicines Sans Frontiers have already taken up this call. Referring to the widespread destruction of health facilities and their dehumanizing results these organizations have said, among other things, that ‘This is not a failure of the law. It is a failure of political will.’
True, ‘failure of political will’ among those powers that matter accounts for the runaway, uncontrollable nature of war and destruction in contemporary times, but more fundamentally it is a failure of the human conscience. It could very well be that the phenomenal levels to which violence and war have been unleashed today have had the effect of deadening consciences. This is a matter for urgent study and wide discussion.
Features
Vesak celebrations … with Cuteefly
I would describe Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka as innovative and creative, and she operates under the name of Cuteefly.
Indunil always comes up with something novel to celebrate special occasions, and she does it with candles … and that’s her profession.
She was in the spotlight when she created a happening scene, with candles, for Christmas, Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Valentine’s Day.
As lanterns light up Sri Lanka for Vesak, the Colombo-based candle maker is quietly turning wax and wick into little pieces of the festival.

Candles reflecting Vesak themes
Her candles reflect Vesak themes – light, peace, remembrance, giving, etc., to enable you to fill your Vesak celebration with devotion and beauty.
Among her Vesak creations is a lotus-shaped soy candle, scented with sandalwood, lavender, etc., meant to burn during this Vesak Poya Day.

Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka: Customers
praise her for her creativity
These handcrafted Vesak candles are perfect for offering at the temple, she says.
What makes her creations so novel is that they come in different shapes, scents, themes, and all are handmade.
What’s more, her customers have heaped praise on her for her creativity.
According to Indunil, her creations are perfect as a thoughtful gift … to bring beauty, unity, and light into every moment.
Says Indunil: “Our beautifully handcrafted Unity candles are designed with premium detail and love, making them perfect for celebrations, gifts, and meaningful occasions.”
Cuteefly, says Indunil, is available online.
Readers could contact Indunil on 0778506066 for more details.
He Facebook Page is: Cuteefly.

Handmade with love
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