Midweek Review
Shocking claim in House: Bandula reveals how sugar importers, their henchmen trapped Prez
Regular revelations, pertaining to high profile scams that had undermined revenue collection, underline the pathetic failure on the part of Parliament to ensure financial discipline. The Central Bank, five-member Monetary Board, Cabinet of Ministers and Parliament as an institution should accept the responsibility for the current crisis. The likes of Bandula Gunawardena continue to pursue an agenda, beneficial to them, or they are simply clueless about how such rip offs are staged, in spite of their self-proclaimed economic wizardry. And only now they are awakening to what happened. But luckily for the country in the case of the Central Bank bond scams, those who staged it could not hoodwink everyone at the CB. Political expediency is the name of the game as the country plunges deeper into economic quagmire.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
Alleging the Wickremesinghe-Rajapaksa government planned to appoint altogether 70 ministers (30 Cabinet and 40 State Ministers), Samagi Jana Balavegaya (SJB) lawmaker Dr. Harsha de Silva recently challenged the government to name a country that sustained such a top-heavy administration, during an economic crisis.
The Colombo District MP gave the challenge on Dec. 09, the day after Parliament overwhelmingly endorsed the 2023 Appropriation Bill, with a majority of 43 votes – six more than at the Second Reading, on Nov. 22. The outcome is nothing but extraordinary as President Ranil Wickremesinghe, leader of the UNP, who presented the Budget on Nov. 14, in his capacity as the Finance Minister, had only one UNP MP in Parliament.
Having been rejected by the Galle District electorate, at the last General Election, in August 2020, Wajira Abeywardena entered Parliament, in July this year, after the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SL)) elected UNP National List MP Wickremesinghe as the eighth President. The UNP managed to secure only one seat at that election, through its national list, after the country, as a whole, rejected all its candidates. In addition to the UNP, eight other recognised political parties won one seat each, both elected and appointed.
Against the backdrop of former Finance Minister, SLPP strategist Basil Rajapaksa’s declaration that the UNP leader was the most suitable to succeed his brother Gotabaya Rakapaksa, in July this year, amidst violent protests orchestrated by interested parties, there cannot be any dispute over the ruling party’s support to Wickremesinghe’s agenda. In spite of the breakup of the SLPP, into at least three factions, it remains a formidable political force, with its largest group unquestionably loyal to Basil Rajapaksa/Mahinda Rajapaksa.
Therefore, the appointment of Ministers, and State Ministers, as demanded by the SLPP, is a necessity, regardless of the economic catastrophe facing the country. That is the political reality. Dr. Harsha de Silva cannot be unaware of that certainty. Having entered Parliament, on the UNP National List, in 2010, after a successful career in the private sector, De Silva, who had an opportunity to receive the Finance portfolio in the current government, choose not to do so.
The former UNPer, who had served as Wickremesinghe’s deputy on economic affairs, during the Yahapalana administration, questioned the rationale behind such a large number of ministers at a time of an unprecedented political-economic-social crisis. In addition to being the Prime Minister, Wickremesinghe held the Cabinet portfolio for National Policies and Economic Affairs in that government.
The one-time yahapalana non-Cabinet ranker compared the massive allocation of public funds for Ministers, and the controversial new tax structure that had influenced professionals, including doctors, engineers, academics and IT professionals, to leave the country. The economist called the new tax structure unjust. Having voted against the Appropriation Bill, Dr. de Silva declared that daunting challenges, faced by the country, couldn’t be addressed by more ministerial appointments. Reference was made to 10,000 IT professionals leaving the country since the change of government, in July, this year.
The developing crisis should be examined, taking into consideration how successive governments obtained assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on 16 previous occasions. In other words, Sri Lanka had continuously experienced balance of payments problems, during the war, and thereafter. The IMF ‘interventions’ had been almost routine and never really attracted public attention, or never being an issue at an election. In fact, IMF ‘interventions’ and the Yahapalana administration securing USD 12.5 bn in International Sovereign Bonds (ISBs), within four years (2015-2019), and nothing to show in terms of successful development projects, when compared with Mahinda Rajapaksa taking USD 3 bn (2007-2014) with many a feather in his cap. The UNP owed an explanation why such a huge amount in ISBs was taken. Perhaps the Yahapalana Finance Minister, Ravi Karunanayake (2015-2017), and State Minister, Eran Wickremaratne, MP, or Dr. de Silva, can explain the circumstances leading to the procurement of such a massive amount of ISBs, during that time, and nothing tangible to show in return, unlike the Rajapaksas, who carried out many development projects, while prosecuting a crippling war to a successful conclusion against the contrary advice of so-called experts.
Therefore, the ongoing negotiations with the IMF, and Sri Lanka’s bilateral donors, meant to pave the way for USD 2.9 bn Rapid Financial Instrument (RFI), shouldn’t be considered something extraordinary. The UNP’s track record, pertaining to managing the national economy, too, is dismal. Can the UNP and its offshoot the SJB absolve themselves of responsibility for the 2015 and 2016 Treasury bond scams and the dilution of the Exchange Control Act in 2017? (State Finance Minister Ranjith Siyambalapitiya recently told the writer that the weakening of the Exchange Control Act meant clipping the Central Bank of its regulatory powers.)
All SJB MPs, including its leader Sajith Premadasa, served the Yahapalana administration, and the break-up of the UNP happened in early 2020. Had the then President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s government negotiated with the IMF, in early 2020, as advertised by the lending body, perhaps the much respected wartime Defence Secretary could have avoided his calamitous exit. Dr. de Silva had been one of those who repeatedly pushed the Rajapaksa administration to seek the IMF’s intervention or face the consequences. But those who had the ear of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, ensured the government refrained from seeking the IMF’s assistance, until it was too late.
Perhaps those at the helm would have expected both China and India, in competition, to throw lifelines to rescue Sri Lanka, but with Basil increasingly sailing the Lankan ship of state towards US and West in lockstep with New Delhi, Beijing literally called it quits. But now with India clearly showing the West that it is no vassal of any power bloc, may be both China and India can help stabilise and strengthen Sri Lanka. In fact, solid Sri Lanka will be an asset to New Delhi with our historic cultural, linguistic and religious links with the sub-continent.
However, no less than the Governor of the Central Bank, Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe, told Parliament how the then Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, who also served as the Finance Minister, ignored warnings of the impending financial crisis of unprecedented magnitude.
The disclosure was made during the proceedings of the Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE) on May 25, 2022.
Dr. Weerasinghe didn’t mince his words when he told the parliamentary watchdog committee how the then Governor, Prof. W.D. Lakshman, and Treasury Secretary, S.R. Attygalle, received warning from the IMF that Sri Lanka couldn’t procure assistance unless the government undertook an immediate debt restructuring programme. Dr. Weerasinghe declared that the IMF made its position clear after quite rightly asserting that Sri Lanka lacked debt sustainability. The CBSL Chief’s revelation prompted the then COPE Chairman Prof. Charitha Herath to call the government’s failure a crime.
Having received his letter of appointment, on April 07, 2022, Dr. Weerasinghe, over the past eight months ,laid bare the truth. Appearing before the parliamentary watchdog committees, on several occasions, and a special talk delivered on August 31, after Wickremesinghe, in his capacity as the Finance Minister, presented an interim budget, the intrepid official told lawmakers what no one had dared to tell them before.
His message was clear. Political parties have collectively ruined the economy. Recognise the failure on their part without further delay, take immediate remedial measures or face the consequences. Dr. Weerasinghe warned that the next round of protests could be far worse than the first that forced Gotabaya Rajapaksa to give up his presidency.
A negligent Parliament
Declarations made in Parliament, when examined against the backdrop of an utterly corrupt political party system, can help the public to comprehend how those who had the ear of the powers that be exploited even the revenue gathering mechanism.
Media and Transport Minister Bandula Gunawardena should be urged to disclose those who perpetrated the massive sugar tax scam that actually caused a catastrophic impact on Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s administration. It simply ruined the President’s reputation.
What the former Trade Minister revealed in Parliament, on Dec. 09, pertaining to the sugar tax scam (reduction of duty on sugar imports) implicated the then President in a horrendous fraud that deprived the Treasury of billions of rupees in taxes. Even Gunawardena, too, should be held responsible as he, as the Trade Minister and a member of Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s Cabinet, cannot absolve his culpability. Why did he wait so long to tell the truth?
Let me repeat what Minister Gunawardena told the House on the particular day. Former much-sought-after economic tuition master underscored the need to identify ‘economic assassins’ without pointing the finger at Presidents Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Mahinda Rajapaksa. The Colombo District lawmaker said that there was no point in holding ministers responsible for the ruination of the economy. Gunawardena stressed the need to ascertain what really happened to the country.
Obviously, the lawmaker is making a fool of himself. How can the President, who is the constitutional head of the Cabinet-of-Ministers absolve himself of ill-fated decisions? Having first entered Parliament, in 1989, on the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP) ticket, and later having crossed over, served in the UNP-led government as the Finance Deputy Minister (2001-2004), lawmaker Gunawardena, too, must admit he is part of the corrupt system.
Referring to those who held the Finance portfolio, over the years, Minister Gunawardena said: “Ministers simply read out what was provided by officials (at the Finance Ministry). People think Ministers can decide on anything. But, that is not the reality.”
Speaking of the sugar tax scam, perpetrated in Oct. 2020, Minister Gunawardena said that he was at the Narahenpita Abhayaramaya when he heard the decision to reduce the tax on a kilo of imported white sugar, from Rs. 50 to 25 cents. In spite of being the Trade Minister at that time, lawmaker Gunawardena hadn’t been aware of the move until the media made the announcement. “During Cabinet proceedings, I strongly opposed the reduction of the sugar tax. I insisted the reduction of the sugar tax to 25 cents was wrong. But, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa was told by his advisors not to rescind that decision. Regardless of my opposition, they urged the President to stand by the reduction of the sugar tax to 25 cents.”
Minister Gunawardena looked quite silly repeating what Health Minister Keheliya Rambukwella said about the role played by R. Paskaralingam and Charitha Ratwatte during the previous administrations.
Minister Gunawardena said: “The people do not know the truth. SLFP General Secretary, Dayasiri Jayasekera, MP, reminded Minister Gunawardena how he, as a member of the then Joint Opposition, vigorously opposed the tax formula implemented by the Yahapalana administration. Having worked overtime to sabotage the revenue collection process, Gunawardena was now singing a different tune, MP Jayasekera declared.
What Minister Gunawardena didn’t say in Parliament, on that day, was that Finance Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa, too, had been with him when the media announced the slashing of sugar tax to 25 cents. When inquired, Mahinda Rajapaksa, too, has claimed he hadn’t been aware of the move. On the advice of Bandula Gunawardena, a Trade Ministry official has phoned the Secretary to the Treasury, S.R. Attygalle, to inquire about the development. Attygalle has promptly confirmed the decision.
Now that President Wickremesinghe has suggested an inquiry to ascertain the economic meltdown, sugar tax scam, too, can be examined. A Presidential Commission/Parliamentary Select Committee can question Minister Gunawardena regarding the sugar tax scam.
The following are some pertinent questions (1) If Mahinda Rajapaksa hadn’t been aware of the sugar tax reduction, who ordered the issuance of gazette. dated Oct. 13, 2020, pertaining to the sharpest ever decline in duty? (2) Had that been effected, without Finance Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa’s approval, why didn’t he reverse it? (3) Would Bandula Gunawardena name those who advised President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to maintain duty at 25 cents a kilo of white sugar (4) Did Bandula Gunawardena, at least, privately brief the then Chairman of Public Finance Committee, Anura Priyadarshana Yapa, of the sugar tax scam? (Gunawardena couldn’t have been unaware of the public condemnation of the sugar tax scam by lawmaker Yapa.) And (5) did Gunawardena criticize the issue at hand before his Dec. 09 speech in Parliament? And, perhaps, lawmaker Gunawardena can honestly explain his stand on his former Cabinet colleagues, Vasudeva Nanayakkara, Wimal Weerawansa and Udaya Gammanpila moving the Supreme Court against the New Fortress Energy deal, finalised on the night of Sept. 17, 2021, during Basil Rajapaksa’s tenure as the Finance Minister (June 2021-April 2022).
In spite of the summary dismissal of the case, the former ministers proved a point. Having turned a blind eye to years of skullduggery (condoned waste, corruption, irregularities and deliberate mismanagement), they had finally realised the ugly truth. The Cabinet-of-Ministers is not infallible. It can be corrupted.
The sugar tax scam and New Fortress Energy deal are just two of the high profile ‘transactions’ that received the blessings of the executive.
Perhaps State Finance Minister Ranjith Siyambalapitiya should look into Minister Gunawardena’s Dec. 09 declaration. Having vowed to recover the losses caused by the sugar tax scam, the SLFPer cannot ignore the accusations made by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s advisors. Was Bandula Gunawardena also referring to those who had been faulted by the then Finance Minister, Ali Sabry, PC, for the economic ruination? In an interview with Swarnawahini, in early June, this year, following his return from Washington where he led the delegation for talks with the IMF, the outspoken Minister alleged the Secretary to the Treasury, Governor of the Central Bank, and senior economic advisor/advisors to the President, misled the Cabinet-of-Ministers as regards the economic situation.
Prof. W. A. Lakshman (Dec. 2019-Sept 2021) and Ajith Nivard Cabraal (Sept. 2021-March 2022) served as Governors of the CBSL, S.R. Attygalle served as Secretary, Ministry of Finance (Nov 2019-April 2022), whereas veteran financial wizard Dr. P. B. Jayasundera functioned as Secretary to the President (Nov. 2019-Dec. 2021).
Exactly a month before Bandula Gunawardena’s Dec. 09 disclosure, State Minister Siyambalapitiya told Parliament that he would recover 30 percent of the Rs 16 bn loss in tax revenue, suffered as a result of sugar tax scam. The Kegalle District lawmaker assured Parliament that hereafter one person wouldn’t be allowed to take such decisions. Was Siyambalapitiya referring to the Finance Minister or Secretary to the Treasury or someone else?
Siyambalapitiya is on record as having told Parliament that 10 sugar importers benefitted from the tax reduction. One of them imported 45 percent of the total sugar imports and during the period of the tax relief received, the largest beneficiary increased sugar imports by a staggering 1,220 percent. The Minister also revealed that in spite of the tax relief state-run Sathosa (under Bandula Gunawardena) suffered losses that ran up to Rs 10 bn by procuring sugar at a higher cost.
Media Minister Bandula Gunawardena should be questioned on this. In spite of knowing the sugar scam, did Bandula Gunawardena allow Sathosa to cause a further loss of Rs 10 bn? The writer was among the journalists the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) wanted to question over the disclosure of a massive garlic racket exposed at the onset of the Gotabaya Rajapaksa administration. Instead of punishing the wrongdoers, the government felt it could suppress the reportage of the fraudulent transactions. At the end, the entire Cabinet-of-Ministers, including the President ended up with egg on their faces.
Midweek Review
Israeli-US aggression won’t go unanswered -Iranian Ambassador
Iranian Ambassador in Colombo Dr. Alireza Delkhosh says the Islamic Republic of Iran remains fully prepared to face US-Israeli aggression.
In an interview with The Island at the Iranian Embassy, in Colombo, Dr. Delkhosh emphasised that in case of a fresh outbreak of hostilities, the aggressors, as well as those who provided bases for unprovoked military campaign ,should be prepared to face the consequences.
Excerpts of the interview:
The Island: Did Iran anticipate Israel-US launching unprovoked attacks in the midst of indirect nuclear talks between Iran and US in Geneva, mediated by Oman?
Ambassador: Iran’s wall of mistrust towards the US is rooted in decades of hostile policies and, specifically, Washington’s dark record of broken promises. We always welcomed diplomacy in good faith and serious intent, entering diplomatic channels accordingly; yet, we have repeatedly witnessed the US chose the path of betraying diplomacy in the midst of negotiations.
We do not build our foreign policy on optimism toward the US, as we fundamentally do not view the current US administration as a trustworthy party. The recurrence of provocative patterns and coordination with the Zionist regime’s actions during sensitive negotiations indicate a systematic approach to discredit diplomacy.
From our perspective;
“Any coercive or military action taken alongside mediation efforts serves as further evidence of Washington’s lack of sincere will for diplomacy and its attempt to exert pressure under the guise of dialogue—an approach that will not go unanswered.”
The Island: Do you think the latest war and regional developments, such as the UAE pulling out of OPEC, should be examined, taking into consideration the Oct0ber 7, 2023, Hamas attack on southern Israel.
Ambassador: Allow me to rephrase your question: Is there a link between the attacks carried out by the US and Israel against Iran and the Zionist regime’s warmongering policies? My answer is a definitive “yes”.
Any serious analysis of the current regional dynamics must be placed within the broader historical and structural context of the Palestinian question and the continuation of occupation and blockade. Iran has consistently maintained that the developments of October 7, 2023, did not emerge in a vacuum, but are rooted in decades of unresolved injustice, the denial of legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, and the absence of a credible political horizon.
From this perspective, the subsequent escalation in the region reflects a chain of reactions shaped by long-standing structural tensions, rather than isolated incidents. Iran has repeatedly emphasised that sustainable stability can only be achieved through ending occupation, addressing the root causes of the crisis, and upholding the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people.
Thus, it is important not to reduce complex geopolitical developments to a single starting point. Energy market decisions, alliance shifts, and military escalations are influenced by a broader set of strategic, economic, and political factors.
The Island: What is the status of talks mediated by Pakistan?
Ambassador: A high-ranking Iranian delegation attended an intense day of negotiations, with American negotiators, in Pakistan, on 12th of April, to permanently end a US-Israeli aggression against the country. Iran agreed to participate in the negotiations after US authorities indicated they had accepted Iran’s general conditions as a baseline for peace deal discussions. However, during 20 hours’ intense talks, the US changed its position.
The main sticking point in the talks was the US reluctance to agree to Iran’s legitimate rights to have a peaceful nuclear programme, which Iran has insisted on for years and just before entering the talks, based on the UNSC resolution and the relevant laws.
Iran’s foreign policy is firmly grounded in the principles of dignity, mutual respect, and rejection of coercion or imposed negotiations. Within this framework, Iran has consistently stated that it remains open to indirect diplomatic engagement through mediators, including regional partners, such as Pakistan, provided that diplomacy is conducted in a balanced and credible environment. At the same time, Iran has repeatedly emphasised that the effectiveness of any negotiating track is directly undermined by the US coercive measures, unilateral sanctions, and pressure-based policies.
Sustainable diplomacy necessitates a complete decoupling from pressure tactics; it must be grounded in genuine reciprocity and respect for national rights and interests. Guided by this principled approach, Iran continues to engage in mediation efforts, in good faith, while resolutely safeguarding its sovereign rights and rejecting any framework that resembles ‘dictation under pressure’.”
The Island: The UN has pathetically failed to intervene in the current West Asia conflict. Both Israel and the US simply ignored the UN and the world body seems irrelevant. As a seasoned diplomat what is your opinion on the UN? What is wrong with the global body”
Ambassador: Iran views the UN as an important multilateral institution established to safeguard international peace and security; however, its effectiveness has increasingly been constrained by the selective application of its Charter and the politicisation of decision-making, particularly within the Security Council.
Currently, the international community is witnessing highly dangerous interpretations of ‘peace,’ ‘rights,’ and ‘aggression’ by the US and the Israeli regime. In their lexicon, if they attack a country, it is labelled a ‘peace operation’ or ‘legitimate defence’; yet, if a nation defends itself, it is branded as ‘warmongering.’
“When the innocent people of Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Iran, and Iraq are stripped of their fundamental human and humanitarian rights and endure profound suffering due to attacks, genocides, and inhumane sanctions, it is as if—in the prevailing international discourse—’human rights’ are not being violated at all.”
The world witnessed, on many occasions, that when certain permanent members are directly involved, or aligned with one side of a conflict, the UN’s ability to act impartially is significantly weakened.
From this perspective, the current situation does not reflect irrelevance of the United Nations itself, but rather highlights the structural imbalance in the international order, where enforcement mechanisms are often subject to geopolitical considerations. Iran has, therefore, consistently called for fundamental reform of global governance structures, including democratisation of the Security Council and strengthening of multilateralism, based on justice, equality, and respect for sovereignty.
The Islamic Republic of Iran supports a United Nations that truly represents the rights of nations and establishes justice. The current state of global affairs reflects the failure of certain powers to adhere to the fundamental principles of the UN Charter.
While emphasising the necessity of effective multilateralism to guarantee international peace and security, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently reaffirmed its commitment to an international order, based on international law and the principles of the UN Charter.
In conclusion, I must state that: “Unilateralism negates the essential and fundamental principles of the United Nations. Unilateralism is an invitation to injustice, confrontation, and war.”
The Island: In spite of sustained US pressure, its NATO allies declined to join military action against Iran or commit forces to Hormuz Strait. The British and French positions caused an unprecedented rift between them and the US. Do you think NATO countries’ split position on Iran war caused irreparable damage to the largest military organisation in the world?
Ambassador: Differences among NATO members on the use of force in external theatres are not unprecedented. Divergent approaches to specific regional conflicts can place strain on political unity and strategic messaging within this alliance. Whether such differences translate into long-term structural damage depends on how effectively members manage internal consultation and reaffirm shared principles.
Let’s not forget that NATO is fundamentally a military alliance shaped by the strategic priorities of the United States, and differences among its members often reflect not a principled divergence, but rather varying degrees of alignment with Washington’s regional policies.
What is presented as “internal consultation” within NATO is frequently constrained by asymmetric influence, where key decisions on the use of force are effectively driven by the US agenda.
In this context, disagreements among NATO members on external military actions are seen in Tehran less as an institutional safeguard and more as evidence of the alliance’s limited strategic autonomy, particularly in relation to West Asia. Therefore, these divergences do not merely represent tactical differences, but highlight a deeper structural issue: the growing questioning of interventionist policies and the sustainability of military blocs in addressing complex regional crises.
The Island: When did you first hear about the unprovoked US attack on Iran frigate off Galle? (The date and time, please). Who told you about the unfortunate incident? What was your first reaction?
Ambassador: What was particularly concerning was that the IRIS Dena was understood to be undertaking a routine passage in the region, returning from an official visit to India, and was not engaged in any combat or hostile activity. Any incident involving a naval vessel, under such circumstances, is naturally a matter of serious concern and a war crime, especially when it raises questions about maritime safety and the protection of unarmed or non-combat assets.
My immediate priority, upon receiving credible confirmation about this attack, would have been the safety of personnel and the prevention of any escalation. From the first moments of receiving this information, I have been in direct talks and consultations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other relevant government authorities, while ensuring that no conclusions are drawn until all facts are verified.
The Island: Did you visit the Iranian vessel and sailors now at Trincomalee?
Ambassador: At this stage, I would like to state that the primary responsibility of the mission has been to maintain continuous contact with the relevant Sri Lankan authorities and ensure the safety, welfare, and proper handling of Iranian personnel and assets involved. In this regard, we have been in close and ongoing coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other competent government institutions to follow up on all necessary arrangements.
Our focus has been on ensuring that all matters are addressed through official diplomatic channels in accordance with international maritime and humanitarian procedures. The well-being of our personnel and the proper management of the situation remain our highest priority.
The Island: Ambassador, you presented your credentials to the then President Ranil Wickremesinghe in late October, 2023. What were the previous diplomatic stations you served before taking over the Colombo mission?
Ambassador: Prior to my mission in Sri Lanka and the Maldives, I served in various diplomatic capacities in Turkey, Sweden, and Uzbekistan.”
The Island:Would you mind stating Iranian red lines about issues that Iran would never give up such as the right to use nuclear power for civilian purposes and control over Hormuz Strait?
Ambassador: Iran’s foreign policy is based on the principles of sovereignty, deterrence, and the rejection of coercion and unilateral pressure, while simultaneously affirming its commitments under international law. In this framework, we have consistently emphasised that the Islamic Republic will never relinquish its inalienable right to peaceful nuclear energy, including enrichment for civilian purposes, such as energy production, medical applications, and scientific development. As we continually maintained, this right is fully consistent with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
At the same time, Iran regards the security and management of the Strait of Hormuz as a strategic national responsibility, given that it lies within Iran’s sovereign waters and is one of the world’s most sensitive maritime corridors. Our officials have repeatedly stated that the security of the Persian Gulf and Hormuz must be maintained by regional states themselves, without external militarisation or domination.
However, Iran has consistently expressed concern over certain regional developments in which neighbouring territories have been utilised for the projection of external military power, including by the United States, which, in Tehran’s view, contributes to heightened tensions and undermines regional stability. From Iran’s perspective, such dynamics are among the key factors affecting and jeopardising the security environment of the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
Within this framework, Iran has emphasised that any threat to its sovereignty, territorial integrity, or strategic security interests would be met with firm and proportionate resistance, while at the same time reaffirming its commitment to freedom of navigation in accordance with international law.
Taken together, from a broader perspective: “The overarching framework of Iran’s foreign policy is built upon three primary pillars: countering diplomatic pressures, maintaining autonomy in strategic decision-making while safeguarding national interests and sovereignty, and emphasising the principle of reciprocity. This approach—rooted in the three guiding principles of ‘Dignity, Wisdom, and Expediency’—reflects Tehran’s explicit opposition to unilateralism and bullying in the global arena.”
The Island: Iran proved that it had the strength and the will power to face daunting military challenges and, in spite of civilian protests, influenced by economic hardships, the public stood by the leadership during the hour of crisis. What is Iran’s message to the world?
Ambassador: Iran is the heir to a great civilisation, spanning several millennia. Iran’s message to the world is that national resilience is ultimately rooted in the bond between the state and its nation, particularly, during times of external pressure and security challenges. Despite economic hardships, the Iranian people have demonstrated that in moments of national crisis, priorities converge around the defence of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security.
From this perspective, the experience of recent years is a clear testimony that external pressure, military threats, or coercive policies do not weaken national cohesion; rather, they reinforce a shared sense of resistance and the bond between the leadership and segments of society around core national principles. It highlights that such domestic economic issues are addressed within the framework of national stability, not through external intervention.
There exists an inviolable principle: “Sustainable national cohesion is achieved only in the light of full sovereignty over internal affairs and the rejection of any intervention or the politicisation of domestic developments by foreign powers.”
The Island:Wishful Israel-US assessment for regime change, following the Supreme Leader’s assassination failed. Against the backdrop of US success in Venezuela, they seemed to have wrongly asserted the situation and Iranian military response. How do you see the next few weeks as the US and Israel maintain a fragile ceasefire, regardless of some isolated incidents?
Ambassador: The assumptions that external pressure, military action, or targeted scenarios, such as the assassination of its leadership, would lead to structural political change in Iran, have repeatedly proven to be a strategic miscalculation. “Iran’s security architecture is not modelled after classic Western patterns that could be brought down, through sanctions or threats; rather, it possesses its own unique design.
Iran’s strategic decision-making is rooted in institutional continuity, national sovereignty, and a well-established defence and command structure—one that cannot be disrupted by external pressures or short-term military developments.”
Regarding the current situation, the existing ceasefire environment looks to be fragile and highly sensitive. As repeatedly stressed by our officials and leadership, stability cannot be sustained through coercive measures, continued military pressure, or selective escalation. Therefore, any lasting calm depends on adherence to commitments, respect for sovereignty, and cessation of hostile actions.
In the coming weeks, the situation will remain volatile, yet manageable, and Iran will continue to maintain its readiness to respond to any potential adventurism.
Iran continues to emphasise that sustainable regional security cannot be built on failed assumptions of regime change or military superiority, but only through recognition of political realities and mutual respect under international law.
The Island: Finally, the senseless killing of over 150 schoolgirls and teachers at an Iranian school, at the onset of the latest conflict, horrified the world. However, the response of Western governments, and various human rights bodies, seemed inadequate. Some refrained from commenting on the incident. The situation in Lebanon, too, is deteriorating. Why do they act differently when the perpetrators happened to be the US or Israel?
Ambassador: I believe that the disparity in reactions reflects a long-standing flaw in the international system: the selective application of international law and humanitarian principles, based on political considerations rather than universal standards.
As you noted, when incidents involve the US or Israel, many international actors—including certain Western governments and institutions—tend to interpret events through the narratives of ‘security,’ ‘self-defence,’ or ‘strategic necessity.’ The brutal attack on the Minab girls’ school, which resulted in the slaughter of over 168 students and teachers, has pulled back the curtain on the double standards of those who claim to champion human rights. While the smallest incidents in other countries trigger immediate global outcries. We witness a response characterised by silence, projection, and brazen falsehoods regarding this blatant crime—as well as the horrific atrocities in Gaza and Lebanon. These tactics aim at nothing but distorting reality and whitewashing the perpetrators of these tragedies. This pattern has undermined the credibility of international law and the global human rights framework, as it ignores the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ and suggests that accountability is not applied equally to all members of the international community.
This is not merely a legal issue but an expression of a structural imbalance in the international order, where political alliances and strategic interests dictate the interpretation and enforcement of norms. Therefore, I maintain that: “The only way to restore trust in the international system is through the consistent and non-selective enforcement of international law, without exceptions or double standards, regardless of the identity of the parties involved.”
As a final word: “Ibn Khaldun 1332-1406, a famous philosopher and historian, believes that ‘politics is the product of geography.’ The essence of this hypothesis is that the temporary presence of extra-regional powers in West Asia and the Persian Gulf must not lead certain small coastal states of the Persian Gulf into a strategic miscalculation.
The time will come when outsiders are expelled from this region, leaving only the neighbours who are destined to coexist. Instead of focusing on Outsourced Security and legitimacy from distant powers, they must return to geographical realities. They ought to study history to recognise which nation has been the source of security and stability in the Persian Gulf for millennia.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
Midweek Review
JVP/NPP government and social media
‘Aragalaya’ betrayed? ‘The treason of the intellectuals’ in the age of populism – Part III
The JVP/NPP government, which relied heavily on social media to come to power, seems to be deeply afraid that it will be overthrown by a second aragalaya fuelled by social media. The government has been accused of organising and directing forces—including pro-government social media activists—from behind the scenes to prevent criticism of the government’s actions from shaping public opinion against the government through social media. Critics say that the aim is to discourage, silence, and drive away critics of the government through ridicule, insults, obscene statements, and intimidation.
Leaving aside these behind-the-scenes manoeuvers, the news that a group of YouTubers, who are identified as “dhobies” or “washers,” recently attended a private press conference at the JVP party headquarters at the invitation of the President and the Minister of Mass Media and Cabinet Media Spokesperson, is a powerful example of the weight the current government places on social media.
“Dhobies”/”washers”
The intelligentsia and intellectuals in democracies play a key role in shaping public opinion, which is traditionally vital in determining the outcome of elections or in building public protests. In the era of social media ubiquity, the primary location of the intelligentsia engaged in politics has shifted to social media. Influencing social media users is now seen as the key to political victory—hence the significance of the phenomenon identified by the term “dhobies”/”washers” (literally laundrymen).
Manifested as a voluntary social media activity—dominated by Facebook and primarily occurring in the Sinhala medium (this article does not cover Tamil social media)—the phenomenon of “washers” is an unprecedented and unique addition to the political process in Sri Lanka. This is an activity of political significance with a certain level of intellectual content that goes beyond the level of mere social media activism, and is carried out by the intelligentsia and intellectuals. These “washers”, alongside the academics who lead them, emphatically state that it is their responsibility to work vigorously to protect this government—one that they brought to power and which aligns with the ideology they believe in.
This group also includes social media journalists who identify themselves as left-wing political activists and as ‘analytical’ discussion presenters via content creation—podcasts and video interviews—as opposed to being mere social media activists.
To achieve their goal, the “washers” understand their role as “cleaning” or “whitewashing” the government in the face of criticism or controversy. They seek to prove the government right by targeting, attacking, and silencing critics through quibbling and intimidation, thereby “protecting” the government.
Although these attacks primarily come in the form of “intellectual” attacks, the range of attacks unleashed under that “intellectual leadership” includes ridicule, insults, and harassment, which are encouraged to be directed at opponents at various levels. Posts are published subtly or directly inviting the “people” who habituate social media as “friends” to post their emojis—likes, dislikes, laughter, ridicule—which may take the form of reaction images, or verbal “comments” against political opponents who publish their views on social media.
In addition to organised “washers,” there are highly credentialed academics who contribute to the “washing” process on their own Facebook pages, either directly or in tacit, subtle ways. Those who do not actively join indicate their support tacitly as “friends” of the organized “washers”—either via emojis or by participating through seemingly innocuous comments that nevertheless get the job done.
They claim this activity of ‘washing’ is the real ground on which politics is determined today. Their stated argument is that in the current era of social media, ridicule, insults, and harassment are inevitable in politics; therefore, those who cannot face them should not be involved in politics. In other words, in this view, politics dominated by social media seems to reenact Hobbes’”state of nature,” which is “nasty, poor, solitary, brutish, and short,” indicating an unprecedented level to which Sri Lanka’s intellectual culture has descended.
Isn’t it an indictment of academia that the practice of “washing” led by academics comes under serious scrutiny from their academic “friends” on social media, especially in relation to the vocation of intellectuals and their role in politics? Notably, the self-identified intellectual leaders of left populism—some of whom are themselves drawn from academia—circulate within these same social media circles.
What they are trying to protect the government from by silencing their rivals and banishing them from the public arena is a second aragalaya that they and the government seem to firmly believe will build on social media operations if criticism of the government is allowed to spread unabated. Hence, there is the need to somehow suppress criticism while giving the act a veneer of intellectual activity. They are participating in this effort, rallying as both organisations and individuals at different levels.
It needs to be added that while these “washing” activities take place mainly in the medium of Sinhala, related “higher” intellectual content is aired in the English medium as well, mainly in the form of interviews with academics.
Criticising the government from a left political perspective
What has come to be expressed as the essence of this “washing” process is the idea, presented in the form of a theoretical formulation, that when criticising the current government from a leftist political perspective, one should first consider who benefits from it. What it means is that if the current government is criticised from a leftist perspective, it could result in a second aragalaya, leading to the return of those who are currently out of power.
A related question that critics are often asked is this; whom do they see as the leaders of a government that could replace the current government? It is as if citizens should only criticise a government that affects their lives if they have a clear alternative to replace it. It is as if criticism is not something that can be done with the intention of correcting something, or a way to develop an alternative.
This argument rejects the traditional liberal political science argument about bourgeois democracy, which considers holding elections at regular intervals to bring governments to power and changing governments when necessary as positive—which requires accepting as positive the development of a critique of the government in power. Accordingly, it implies that the current government must be kept in power at all costs to prevent the power groups that the people rejected from coming back to power, and that is why the Left should stop criticizing the current government. This is a very strange idea of democracy. It is clearly not the bourgeois liberal democracy we have known so far. So, what kind of democracy is it? As some are wont to do, we can keep on tweaking the term to suit the changing conditions instead of developing a critique in the name of the ideal of democracy. So, what is the new term for what is done with democracy under the new regime? Or, do they think that we have reached an era of post-democracy?
Traditionally, the role of intellectuals and the intelligentsia has been to provide the critical thinking that society needs. But the intellectuals who are engaged in “washing” say that the Left should silence its criticism in order to save the government, and then everything will be fine. Some who support “washing” argue that what the Left should do is not criticize the current government, but push it further to the left. While this argument presumes the government to be Left notwithstanding the Left criticism of it, what it fails to take into account is that one of the reasons the government needs repressive social media forces and “washers” may be that the government is intolerant of criticism that pushes it to the left.
The NPP government came to power by rallying around the NPP organisations and individuals who called themselves liberal, progressive, leftist, radical, etc., outside of the JVP membership. The group that can be called intellectuals among them identified themselves with the NPP through a series of actions—starting from contributing to the work of building the National People’s Power and the formulation of its policies, to taking the leadership of relevant committees at various levels and appearing publicly at various public events of the NPP, even on the election platform. Some of them won the elections on the basis of their identity-based vote blocks or became members of parliament from the national list and even became ministers. Many others, as is customary after an election victory, got themselves appointed to various positions in the government bureaucracy as chairpersons, board/council members, directors, etc., either immediately or later.
Some, whether or not they were appointed, abandoned the critical role they were previously playing in society and have remained silent. Some of them have abandoned the theoretical interventions they were making in the public arena with a view to a “system transformation” until they brought the current government to power, in favour of safe literary or other topics as if the transformation that all those criticisms targeted had been achieved with the coming to power of the current government. Others entered the “washing” business while holding official positions in the current ruling regime. Although not all those involved in the “washing” process are in positions of power, there have been allegations that some of those who are involved without holding positions do so in exchange for payment. Among these groups are those who, traditionally known as independent journalists, are now mostly known as content and/or digital creators, questioning the validity of their claims to represent independent journalism.
Some leftists assume that this will be the last time a left-wing government has come to power in Sri Lanka, and therefore have joined the government believing that they should achieve the maximum good for the people, as if they think that history has ended.
Conclusion: Populism and the treason of intellectuals
In conclusion, returning to the ideology of populism that provided the backdrop for this article, it is relevant to note how some of the key characteristics of populism identified in the literature align with critics’ accounts of the policies followed by the current JVP/NPP government.
At its core, populist ideology presents a dichotomy between a “pure,” idealised conception of the people and a “corrupt” elite. It frames politics as a moral struggle against corruption, seeking to displace the traditional class basis of politics. Being deeply anti-institutional, populism dismisses expert and academic knowledge as elitist.
Driven by a Schmittian logic of friend-versus-enemy politics, populist leaders and the intelligentsia seek to displace the traditional elite, aiming to purge them from politics, academia, and culture with a view to appointing themselves as the new elite.
Populism rejects the democratic state in the name of the people. Political theorist Wendy Brown points out that populism focuses instead on aggressive law and order, statism, and a non-democratic view of liberty—where authority rules, yet individuals claim libertarian freedom.
Globally, populism tends to breed authoritarian leaders who centralise power in the executive branch, stripping judges of their independence and turning elected parliaments into mere rubber stamps. To stay in power, populist movements systematically target checks and balances, the free press, and universities, labeling them as roadblocks against the people’s mandate. Once in control, these regimes use legal gray areas to oppress opposition parties and subvert democracy to ensure they remain in power.
The Treason of the Intellectuals
For the title of my article, I have borrowed the title of a seminal work by the French philosopher and essayist Julien Benda, The Treason of the Intellectuals (1927). Almost a hundred years ago, Benda critiqued the intelligentsia’s betrayal of their vocation as intellectuals, focusing on their abandonment of the Enlightenment ideal of universal humanity. In our case, I would argue that intellectuals have abandoned their vocation in the very name of the “renaissance” and “enlightenment” ideals—or the punarudaya—they claim to stand for, allowing political partisanship to dictate their understanding of the intellectual vocation itself.
In her 2023 book, Nihilistic Times, political theorist Wendy Brown argues that we are living in deeply nihilistic times. Placing this rise in nihilism at the very center of our current political crisis, she warns that it is actively undoing democracy while degrading and confounding both political and academic life. In Brown’s view, nihilism leads to the devaluation of both knowledge and political responsibility—a crisis that is especially clear in academia. She argues that intellectuals have abandoned democracy, the common good, and the pursuit of objective truth, choosing instead to align themselves with whoever holds political or cultural power to serve partisan or authoritarian goals. Ultimately, Brown argues that public intellectuals must act as honest, thoughtful analysts who hold politicians accountable rather than seeking to win their favor. Finally, she issues a direct challenge to left-wing intellectuals to make good on their foundational commitment to true critical thinking.
Midweek Review
The Road Less Traveled
Cutting across the brooding greenery,
Of the big city’s outlying wetlands,
That are verily its purifying lungs,
Are roads less traveled and sought,
That teem with Nature’s All,
Beginning with the tiniest forms of life,
To sprawling giants of the wilds,
Not to speak of birds and butterflies,
Rising to the skies in mesmeric flight…
But nature lovers are nowhere in sight,
Except for frolicking young couples,
Whose purses are pinching so much,
That they can’t afford costlier hideouts,
But there’s no denying that our wetlands,
Need to be right away protected,
Lest they win mention in the Red List,
Of earthly beings heading for extinction.
By Lynn Ockersz
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