Midweek Review
How political instability undermined national security
By Shamindra Ferdinando
The Institute of National Security Studies (INSS) recently dealt with the relevance of political stability for national security. Dr. Prathibha Mahanamahewa, and Director/CEO Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Training Institute Malinda Seneviratne, a former colleague of ours at The Island editorial, addressed the issues at hand. Acting Director General of the INSS Rear Admiral Dimuthu Gunawardene, who is also the Director of Communications and Publications of the outfit, moderated the event.
Defence Ministry Media spokesperson Colonel Nalin Herath, in a statement issued on June 09, quoted Dr. Mahanamahewa as having told the gathering that the mismanagement of resources, absence of timely decisions, and corruption, caused political instability. The academic was further quoted as having stressed that political stability would automatically ensure national security. A former Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission asserted that a new Constitution would help maintain political stability.
Political commentator Seneviratne had focused on external threats, primarily the LTTE rump/Tamil Diaspora. Seneviratne had been quite convincing in his arguments. The brief Defence Ministry statement on the event held via zoom on June 07 obviously covered just a fraction of what Dr. Mahanamahewa and Seneviratne had said.
The INSS probably wouldn’t have taken up this particular subject if not for the current economic-political and social crisis that has totally eroded public confidence in the incumbent dispensation. In fact, the public has lost faith in the utterly corrupt entire political party setup with a large segment of the population loudly questioning the dependability of the parliamentary system. The INSS aptly titled the event ‘importance of political stability for national security.’
The INSS can inquire into how the recent Aeroflot drama, at the Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA), undermined Sri Lanka’s relations with Russia, thereby impacting the overall stability. Can Sri Lanka afford to antagonize a friendly UN Security Council member, one of the two who have always stood by us, the other being China, always supportive of Colombo, regardless of the party in power here. If not for their veto power, the West would have bulldozed us into accepting their terms through resolutions at the powerful UN Security Council, especially on so-called war crimes where they have been out to nail our victorious security forces on, for unbelievably defeating LTTE terrorists, in the battlefield, against their wishes.
It would be pertinent to ask whether INSS in any way had inquired into the political, economic and social developments in the run-up to the massive explosion of public anger in late March this year. The intelligence services, too, seemed to have completely ignored the swelling up of public anger over shortage of essential items, including food, and the skyrocketing cost of living, until it was too late.
The INSS should have factored in Speaker Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena’s declaration that the country is fast heading towards an unprecedented famine. PM Wickremesinghe and many others say the same though they do not provide solutions.
Can the current crisis be simply addressed by restoring political stability? What really caused the current and still worsening crisis that has bankrupted the country? The political as well as the military leadership should realize political stability achieved by a near 2/3 majority in Parliament in the wake of an overwhelming triumph for the same party at the presidential election contributed to the catastrophe. That is the undeniable truth.
Having secured the Nov 2019 presidential election with an overpowering majority, the SLPP won a commanding 145 seats in the 220-member Parliament at the Aug 2020 parliamentary election. The Colombo Port City Economic Commission Bill received 149 votes in May 2021. Seven months before, the 20th Amendment to the Constitution received a staggering 156 votes. The SLPP acted as it didn’t expect any trouble. The electorate was repeatedly told the 20th Amendment would ensure political stability while the passage of the Colombo Port City Commission Bill would attract the required foreign direct investments.
The arrogant and over confident SLPP leadership ignored warning signals. Perhaps the government could have managed to sustain the national economy if the Covid-19 pandemic didn’t almost totally disrupt the tourism sector, with the crippling of international travel, and also caused a sharp drop in foreign remittances, with a large number Sri Lankan migrant workers having to return home. Even those who retained their jobs in West Asia often got their wages reduced or got them after delays. Things were further compounded by the government having to repatriate workers and having to spend valuable foreign exchange to procure vaccines and other related pharmaceuticals.
Now, adding to the country’s woes, is the fallout from Russia’s incursion into Ukraine and the US rather foolishly using that to blead Kremlin to death. That is already endangering world food security and disrupting the supply of other essentials, like oil, coal etc., while also causing record inflation worldwide.
Still, the government could have successfully addressed the growing threat if it responded positively to a warning issued by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in early 2020. But, the Cabinet of Ministers, chaired by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, turned a blind eye to the IMF call for an immediate debt restructuring programme. The IMF response was to Sri Lanka’s request for a Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) made in early 2020. The outspoken Governor of the Central Bank Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe is now on record as having told the Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE) that Dr. P.B. Jayasundera, the then Secretary to the President, finally decided against the IMF’s intervention.
Who should accept the blame for the current crisis? Would it be fair to hold Dr. PBJ accountable for an utterly irresponsible course of action that has caused immense political instability?
Basil on IMF
Having given up the SLPP National List slot and the finance portfolio, SLPP founder Basil Rajapaksa addressed the media at the Nelum Mawatha party office. The revelation made by Basil Rajapaksa, perhaps unwittingly, showed the SLPP had addressed the economic crisis. At the time, the IMF advised Sri Lanka to undertake a debt restructuring programme and drop plans to grant massive tax cuts, while Premier Mahinda Rajapaksa held the finance portfolio. Basil Rajapaksa, who took over finance in July 2021, in response to a media query last week explained how the IMF divided the government. According to him, when Indian Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman raised the issue, Basil Rajapaksa, turning towards the then Finance Secretary S.R. Attygalle has said that he was among those who opposed seeking IMF intervention. Basil Rajapaksa has pointed out that Sri Lanka’s High Commissioner in New Delhi Milinda Moragoda favoured the move.
The government played in what could aptly be termed in local parlance as pandu with the national economy. By the time Basil Rajapaksa took over the Finance Ministry, in July 2021, irreparable damage had been done and the finalization of the Yugadanavi deal, two months later, divided the SLPP. The SLPP and a minority in the CEB hierarchy wielding power, defended the controversial deal struck at midnight to the hilt. CEB Chairman M.C. Ferdinando, on the invitation of the then presidential spokesman Kingsley Ratnayake, sought to paint a rosy picture at a media briefing arranged at the Presidential Media Division (PMD). Kingsley Ratnayake, formerly of Sirasa, has quietly left the PMD. Ratnayake has left the country at the onset of a public protest campaign and is believed to be in Australia. Sudewa Hettiarachchi, who joined the PMD as its Director General, remains as the government continues to struggle on the media front.
The explosion of public anger whether pre-planned or not, at the approaches to President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s private residence at Pengiriwatte, Mihihana, on March 31, 2022, should be investigated, taking into consideration the following factors: (1) dismissal of IMF’s advice on the need to go for an immediate debt restructuring programme, the need to drop plans to implement massive tax cuts and fixing the Rupee rate at 203 at the expense of the overall economy (2) ruination of the agriculture sector as a result of unilateral and abrupt decision taken by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa to ban chemical fertiliser and agro chemicals. The unprecedented move resulted in the decimation of the country’s agriculture output (3) Causing irreparable damage to Sri Lanka’s diplomatic ties with Japan by cancelling already agreed projects, including a light trail venture, a strategic foreign policy blunder (4) explosions of domestic gas cylinders caused by change of the formula by foreign suppliers possibly done deliberately to further worsen the situation here (5) disputed Yugadanavi deal. The agreement with the US energy firm divided the SLPP, with three ministers challenging the move in court along with many others (6) turning a blind eye to waste, corruption, irregularities and mismanagement (7) failure on the part of the government to discipline revenue collection setup, comprising the Inland Revenue Department, Customs and Excise Department and turning a blind eye to illegal money transferring methods, such as Hawala and Undiyal.
Then Finance Minister Basil Rajapaksa, in an interview with Shyam Nuwan Ganewatta of Divaina, foolishly declared his faith in illegal methods, little realizing that it was depriving the country of its precious foreign exchange (8) the continuing dispute over the handling of the 2019 Easter Sunday massacre by Muslim extremists (9) pathetic response to accountability accusations pertaining to Sri Lanka’s triumph over Tamil terrorism.
Can Basil Rajapaksa’s departure from Parliament or business tycoon Dhammika Perera’s entry in his place give overnight boost to a failed economy? Having promised a system change, the SLPP has lost its way and brought in Ranil Wickremesinghe, accused of being the alleged mastermind of the Treasury bond scams by the then Joint Opposition, and Perera, embroiled in tax issues, to manage the political and economic fronts.
Perhaps, INSS should seriously consider receiving a briefing from heads of parliamentary watchdogs, the Committee on Public Enterprises (chaired by Prof. Charitha Herath, MP), Committee on Public Finance (Anura Priyadarshana Yapa, MP) and Committee on Public Accounts (Prof. Tissa Vitharana) regarding the threat posed to political stability and national security by unbridled public and private sector corruption.
The COPE probing into the CBSL and the Finance Ministry appearance before the watchdog by its former members of the Monetary Board comprising Prof. W.D. Lakshman (Dec 2019-Sept 2021/Ajith Nivard Cabraal (Sept 2021-March 2022), Treasury Secretary S.R. Attygalle and nominated members Sanjeeva Jayawardena, PC, Dr. Ranee Jayamaha and Samantha Kumarasinghe caused the current crisis. In addition to the Monetary Board, the then Premier Mahinda Rajapaksa, who served as the Finance Minister (Dec 2019-July 2021) and Dr. P.B. Jayasundera, too, are accountable, with the latter being blamed for blocking the government securing IMF intervention.
Probe on security flop
Sri Lanka witnessed what can be described as a countrywide breakdown of law and order on May 09, following the SLPP goon attack on the Galle Face public protest, demanding the resignation of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the entire Cabinet of Ministers, including Premier Mahinda Rajapaksa.
The month-long campaign had the backing of both external and internal forces hell-bent on a system change. The security forces, as well as the police, failure to prevent it as well as the meticulously organized military type retaliation, should be discussed against the backdrop of the Rambukkana shooting where a person died and two dozen others were wounded.
No one bothered to point out that the police opened fire nearly 15 hours after those protesting against fuel price hike blocked main roads as well as the Rambukkana railway line for 15 hours. Can protesting public block roads thereby inconvenience other ordinary people? And police resorted to use lethal force only after protesters turned violent and nearly blew up a petrol bowser by setting fire to it.
Unfortunately, the rapid deterioration of the economy against the backdrop of the government acknowledging insolvency has given an opportunity to various interested parties to undermine the rule of law. The continuing blockade on the Presidential Secretariat situated at Galle Face signifies a pathetic state of affairs. Dr. Nalaka Godahewa, who held the media portfolio at the time of the May 09 violence, raised the disgraceful failure on the part of the government to thwart organized attacks on a selected group of ruling party lawmakers, numbering over 70. The Gampaha District MP, whose Gampaha home suffered heavy damage, drew the attention of both President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and Premier Ranil Wickremesinghe to the crisis, while warning of a 1987-1990 type insurgent campaign.
Obviously, the incumbent political leadership is furious with the military for not stepping in immediately. They are of the view that retaliatory attacks could have been thwarted if the military acted swiftly and decisively. Naturally, some have found fault with the then Commander of the Army General Shavendra Silva, who also functioned as the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS). The appointment of a three-member committee headed by Admiral of the Fleet (retd.) Wasantha Karannagoda to inquire into the lapses on the part of the military should be viewed in the context of a volatile political-economic-social environment.
Could military intervention have saved Mahinda Rajapaksa’s premiership even at the expense of bloodshed? Had there been a large-scale military response to countrywide retaliatory attacks, the country would have been in a much bigger crisis today. There cannot be any dispute over that. No one would have desired Rathupaswela type incident at a time the government was pleading before the international community for food assistance. The incident in the first week of August 2013 shocked the country. It brought shame on the war-winning Army, though it too was instigated by mysterious forces.
In fact at the onset of the trouble, Gen. Silva, the celebrated GoC of the 58 Division, assured Colombo-based defence attaches that the military wouldn’t intervene. Had that happened, it would have definitely helped those who had been campaigning for the ouster of the Rajapaksas.
The Army earned the wrath of the public for opening fire on people demanding clean water at Rathupaswela. Three died in indiscriminate shooting. It would be pertinent to mention that the public had been protesting against the Dipped Products factory over the alleged releasing of chemicals into the environment. The villagers had been seriously concerned about their water supply for some time as they were dependent on groundwater. Their complaints had fallen on deaf ears. Obviously, those in authority hadn’t been interested at all in inquiring into the issue at hand.
Had they bothered to conduct an investigation in a timely and transparent manner, the accusations could have been ascertained and remedial measures taken. Then, why was it not done? Well, one cannot help but think that it is because the factory is owned by Hayleys controlled by Dhammika Perera, the latest entrant into parliamentary politics. In a way, Perera’s entry into active politics can be compared with Gotabaya Rajapaksa entering national politics at the highest level against the backdrop of widespread criticism of all members of Parliament.
Secretary to the Public Administration Ministry Attorney-at-Law Priyantha Mayadunne recently explained how the political party system ruined the country. Mayadunne didn’t hesitate to declare that the mother of all problems is the oversized public service that has been an unbearable burden on the national economy for a long time. One-time Justice Ministry Secretary Mayadunne asserted that Sri Lanka can manage with half a million strong public service though the actual figure is 1.5 mn. Isn’t it a destabilizing factor? If the INSS is really keen to ascertain the truth, it may undertake a thorough examination of destabilizing factors as the country slips further into foreign debt.
The economic crisis, as explained by Governor of the CBSL Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe, is so acute today, Sri Lanka is vulnerable to external machinations. The external threats can be quite deadly as those directly involved in the decision, making process here, too, have been part of various such anti-national projects. Yugadanavi deal can be cited as just one such example.
Midweek Review
Israeli-US aggression won’t go unanswered -Iranian Ambassador
Iranian Ambassador in Colombo Dr. Alireza Delkhosh says the Islamic Republic of Iran remains fully prepared to face US-Israeli aggression.
In an interview with The Island at the Iranian Embassy, in Colombo, Dr. Delkhosh emphasised that in case of a fresh outbreak of hostilities, the aggressors, as well as those who provided bases for unprovoked military campaign ,should be prepared to face the consequences.
Excerpts of the interview:
The Island: Did Iran anticipate Israel-US launching unprovoked attacks in the midst of indirect nuclear talks between Iran and US in Geneva, mediated by Oman?
Ambassador: Iran’s wall of mistrust towards the US is rooted in decades of hostile policies and, specifically, Washington’s dark record of broken promises. We always welcomed diplomacy in good faith and serious intent, entering diplomatic channels accordingly; yet, we have repeatedly witnessed the US chose the path of betraying diplomacy in the midst of negotiations.
We do not build our foreign policy on optimism toward the US, as we fundamentally do not view the current US administration as a trustworthy party. The recurrence of provocative patterns and coordination with the Zionist regime’s actions during sensitive negotiations indicate a systematic approach to discredit diplomacy.
From our perspective;
“Any coercive or military action taken alongside mediation efforts serves as further evidence of Washington’s lack of sincere will for diplomacy and its attempt to exert pressure under the guise of dialogue—an approach that will not go unanswered.”
The Island: Do you think the latest war and regional developments, such as the UAE pulling out of OPEC, should be examined, taking into consideration the Oct0ber 7, 2023, Hamas attack on southern Israel.
Ambassador: Allow me to rephrase your question: Is there a link between the attacks carried out by the US and Israel against Iran and the Zionist regime’s warmongering policies? My answer is a definitive “yes”.
Any serious analysis of the current regional dynamics must be placed within the broader historical and structural context of the Palestinian question and the continuation of occupation and blockade. Iran has consistently maintained that the developments of October 7, 2023, did not emerge in a vacuum, but are rooted in decades of unresolved injustice, the denial of legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, and the absence of a credible political horizon.
From this perspective, the subsequent escalation in the region reflects a chain of reactions shaped by long-standing structural tensions, rather than isolated incidents. Iran has repeatedly emphasised that sustainable stability can only be achieved through ending occupation, addressing the root causes of the crisis, and upholding the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people.
Thus, it is important not to reduce complex geopolitical developments to a single starting point. Energy market decisions, alliance shifts, and military escalations are influenced by a broader set of strategic, economic, and political factors.
The Island: What is the status of talks mediated by Pakistan?
Ambassador: A high-ranking Iranian delegation attended an intense day of negotiations, with American negotiators, in Pakistan, on 12th of April, to permanently end a US-Israeli aggression against the country. Iran agreed to participate in the negotiations after US authorities indicated they had accepted Iran’s general conditions as a baseline for peace deal discussions. However, during 20 hours’ intense talks, the US changed its position.
The main sticking point in the talks was the US reluctance to agree to Iran’s legitimate rights to have a peaceful nuclear programme, which Iran has insisted on for years and just before entering the talks, based on the UNSC resolution and the relevant laws.
Iran’s foreign policy is firmly grounded in the principles of dignity, mutual respect, and rejection of coercion or imposed negotiations. Within this framework, Iran has consistently stated that it remains open to indirect diplomatic engagement through mediators, including regional partners, such as Pakistan, provided that diplomacy is conducted in a balanced and credible environment. At the same time, Iran has repeatedly emphasised that the effectiveness of any negotiating track is directly undermined by the US coercive measures, unilateral sanctions, and pressure-based policies.
Sustainable diplomacy necessitates a complete decoupling from pressure tactics; it must be grounded in genuine reciprocity and respect for national rights and interests. Guided by this principled approach, Iran continues to engage in mediation efforts, in good faith, while resolutely safeguarding its sovereign rights and rejecting any framework that resembles ‘dictation under pressure’.”
The Island: The UN has pathetically failed to intervene in the current West Asia conflict. Both Israel and the US simply ignored the UN and the world body seems irrelevant. As a seasoned diplomat what is your opinion on the UN? What is wrong with the global body”
Ambassador: Iran views the UN as an important multilateral institution established to safeguard international peace and security; however, its effectiveness has increasingly been constrained by the selective application of its Charter and the politicisation of decision-making, particularly within the Security Council.
Currently, the international community is witnessing highly dangerous interpretations of ‘peace,’ ‘rights,’ and ‘aggression’ by the US and the Israeli regime. In their lexicon, if they attack a country, it is labelled a ‘peace operation’ or ‘legitimate defence’; yet, if a nation defends itself, it is branded as ‘warmongering.’
“When the innocent people of Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Iran, and Iraq are stripped of their fundamental human and humanitarian rights and endure profound suffering due to attacks, genocides, and inhumane sanctions, it is as if—in the prevailing international discourse—’human rights’ are not being violated at all.”
The world witnessed, on many occasions, that when certain permanent members are directly involved, or aligned with one side of a conflict, the UN’s ability to act impartially is significantly weakened.
From this perspective, the current situation does not reflect irrelevance of the United Nations itself, but rather highlights the structural imbalance in the international order, where enforcement mechanisms are often subject to geopolitical considerations. Iran has, therefore, consistently called for fundamental reform of global governance structures, including democratisation of the Security Council and strengthening of multilateralism, based on justice, equality, and respect for sovereignty.
The Islamic Republic of Iran supports a United Nations that truly represents the rights of nations and establishes justice. The current state of global affairs reflects the failure of certain powers to adhere to the fundamental principles of the UN Charter.
While emphasising the necessity of effective multilateralism to guarantee international peace and security, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently reaffirmed its commitment to an international order, based on international law and the principles of the UN Charter.
In conclusion, I must state that: “Unilateralism negates the essential and fundamental principles of the United Nations. Unilateralism is an invitation to injustice, confrontation, and war.”
The Island: In spite of sustained US pressure, its NATO allies declined to join military action against Iran or commit forces to Hormuz Strait. The British and French positions caused an unprecedented rift between them and the US. Do you think NATO countries’ split position on Iran war caused irreparable damage to the largest military organisation in the world?
Ambassador: Differences among NATO members on the use of force in external theatres are not unprecedented. Divergent approaches to specific regional conflicts can place strain on political unity and strategic messaging within this alliance. Whether such differences translate into long-term structural damage depends on how effectively members manage internal consultation and reaffirm shared principles.
Let’s not forget that NATO is fundamentally a military alliance shaped by the strategic priorities of the United States, and differences among its members often reflect not a principled divergence, but rather varying degrees of alignment with Washington’s regional policies.
What is presented as “internal consultation” within NATO is frequently constrained by asymmetric influence, where key decisions on the use of force are effectively driven by the US agenda.
In this context, disagreements among NATO members on external military actions are seen in Tehran less as an institutional safeguard and more as evidence of the alliance’s limited strategic autonomy, particularly in relation to West Asia. Therefore, these divergences do not merely represent tactical differences, but highlight a deeper structural issue: the growing questioning of interventionist policies and the sustainability of military blocs in addressing complex regional crises.
The Island: When did you first hear about the unprovoked US attack on Iran frigate off Galle? (The date and time, please). Who told you about the unfortunate incident? What was your first reaction?
Ambassador: What was particularly concerning was that the IRIS Dena was understood to be undertaking a routine passage in the region, returning from an official visit to India, and was not engaged in any combat or hostile activity. Any incident involving a naval vessel, under such circumstances, is naturally a matter of serious concern and a war crime, especially when it raises questions about maritime safety and the protection of unarmed or non-combat assets.
My immediate priority, upon receiving credible confirmation about this attack, would have been the safety of personnel and the prevention of any escalation. From the first moments of receiving this information, I have been in direct talks and consultations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other relevant government authorities, while ensuring that no conclusions are drawn until all facts are verified.
The Island: Did you visit the Iranian vessel and sailors now at Trincomalee?
Ambassador: At this stage, I would like to state that the primary responsibility of the mission has been to maintain continuous contact with the relevant Sri Lankan authorities and ensure the safety, welfare, and proper handling of Iranian personnel and assets involved. In this regard, we have been in close and ongoing coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other competent government institutions to follow up on all necessary arrangements.
Our focus has been on ensuring that all matters are addressed through official diplomatic channels in accordance with international maritime and humanitarian procedures. The well-being of our personnel and the proper management of the situation remain our highest priority.
The Island: Ambassador, you presented your credentials to the then President Ranil Wickremesinghe in late October, 2023. What were the previous diplomatic stations you served before taking over the Colombo mission?
Ambassador: Prior to my mission in Sri Lanka and the Maldives, I served in various diplomatic capacities in Turkey, Sweden, and Uzbekistan.”
The Island:Would you mind stating Iranian red lines about issues that Iran would never give up such as the right to use nuclear power for civilian purposes and control over Hormuz Strait?
Ambassador: Iran’s foreign policy is based on the principles of sovereignty, deterrence, and the rejection of coercion and unilateral pressure, while simultaneously affirming its commitments under international law. In this framework, we have consistently emphasised that the Islamic Republic will never relinquish its inalienable right to peaceful nuclear energy, including enrichment for civilian purposes, such as energy production, medical applications, and scientific development. As we continually maintained, this right is fully consistent with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
At the same time, Iran regards the security and management of the Strait of Hormuz as a strategic national responsibility, given that it lies within Iran’s sovereign waters and is one of the world’s most sensitive maritime corridors. Our officials have repeatedly stated that the security of the Persian Gulf and Hormuz must be maintained by regional states themselves, without external militarisation or domination.
However, Iran has consistently expressed concern over certain regional developments in which neighbouring territories have been utilised for the projection of external military power, including by the United States, which, in Tehran’s view, contributes to heightened tensions and undermines regional stability. From Iran’s perspective, such dynamics are among the key factors affecting and jeopardising the security environment of the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
Within this framework, Iran has emphasised that any threat to its sovereignty, territorial integrity, or strategic security interests would be met with firm and proportionate resistance, while at the same time reaffirming its commitment to freedom of navigation in accordance with international law.
Taken together, from a broader perspective: “The overarching framework of Iran’s foreign policy is built upon three primary pillars: countering diplomatic pressures, maintaining autonomy in strategic decision-making while safeguarding national interests and sovereignty, and emphasising the principle of reciprocity. This approach—rooted in the three guiding principles of ‘Dignity, Wisdom, and Expediency’—reflects Tehran’s explicit opposition to unilateralism and bullying in the global arena.”
The Island: Iran proved that it had the strength and the will power to face daunting military challenges and, in spite of civilian protests, influenced by economic hardships, the public stood by the leadership during the hour of crisis. What is Iran’s message to the world?
Ambassador: Iran is the heir to a great civilisation, spanning several millennia. Iran’s message to the world is that national resilience is ultimately rooted in the bond between the state and its nation, particularly, during times of external pressure and security challenges. Despite economic hardships, the Iranian people have demonstrated that in moments of national crisis, priorities converge around the defence of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security.
From this perspective, the experience of recent years is a clear testimony that external pressure, military threats, or coercive policies do not weaken national cohesion; rather, they reinforce a shared sense of resistance and the bond between the leadership and segments of society around core national principles. It highlights that such domestic economic issues are addressed within the framework of national stability, not through external intervention.
There exists an inviolable principle: “Sustainable national cohesion is achieved only in the light of full sovereignty over internal affairs and the rejection of any intervention or the politicisation of domestic developments by foreign powers.”
The Island:Wishful Israel-US assessment for regime change, following the Supreme Leader’s assassination failed. Against the backdrop of US success in Venezuela, they seemed to have wrongly asserted the situation and Iranian military response. How do you see the next few weeks as the US and Israel maintain a fragile ceasefire, regardless of some isolated incidents?
Ambassador: The assumptions that external pressure, military action, or targeted scenarios, such as the assassination of its leadership, would lead to structural political change in Iran, have repeatedly proven to be a strategic miscalculation. “Iran’s security architecture is not modelled after classic Western patterns that could be brought down, through sanctions or threats; rather, it possesses its own unique design.
Iran’s strategic decision-making is rooted in institutional continuity, national sovereignty, and a well-established defence and command structure—one that cannot be disrupted by external pressures or short-term military developments.”
Regarding the current situation, the existing ceasefire environment looks to be fragile and highly sensitive. As repeatedly stressed by our officials and leadership, stability cannot be sustained through coercive measures, continued military pressure, or selective escalation. Therefore, any lasting calm depends on adherence to commitments, respect for sovereignty, and cessation of hostile actions.
In the coming weeks, the situation will remain volatile, yet manageable, and Iran will continue to maintain its readiness to respond to any potential adventurism.
Iran continues to emphasise that sustainable regional security cannot be built on failed assumptions of regime change or military superiority, but only through recognition of political realities and mutual respect under international law.
The Island: Finally, the senseless killing of over 150 schoolgirls and teachers at an Iranian school, at the onset of the latest conflict, horrified the world. However, the response of Western governments, and various human rights bodies, seemed inadequate. Some refrained from commenting on the incident. The situation in Lebanon, too, is deteriorating. Why do they act differently when the perpetrators happened to be the US or Israel?
Ambassador: I believe that the disparity in reactions reflects a long-standing flaw in the international system: the selective application of international law and humanitarian principles, based on political considerations rather than universal standards.
As you noted, when incidents involve the US or Israel, many international actors—including certain Western governments and institutions—tend to interpret events through the narratives of ‘security,’ ‘self-defence,’ or ‘strategic necessity.’ The brutal attack on the Minab girls’ school, which resulted in the slaughter of over 168 students and teachers, has pulled back the curtain on the double standards of those who claim to champion human rights. While the smallest incidents in other countries trigger immediate global outcries. We witness a response characterised by silence, projection, and brazen falsehoods regarding this blatant crime—as well as the horrific atrocities in Gaza and Lebanon. These tactics aim at nothing but distorting reality and whitewashing the perpetrators of these tragedies. This pattern has undermined the credibility of international law and the global human rights framework, as it ignores the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ and suggests that accountability is not applied equally to all members of the international community.
This is not merely a legal issue but an expression of a structural imbalance in the international order, where political alliances and strategic interests dictate the interpretation and enforcement of norms. Therefore, I maintain that: “The only way to restore trust in the international system is through the consistent and non-selective enforcement of international law, without exceptions or double standards, regardless of the identity of the parties involved.”
As a final word: “Ibn Khaldun 1332-1406, a famous philosopher and historian, believes that ‘politics is the product of geography.’ The essence of this hypothesis is that the temporary presence of extra-regional powers in West Asia and the Persian Gulf must not lead certain small coastal states of the Persian Gulf into a strategic miscalculation.
The time will come when outsiders are expelled from this region, leaving only the neighbours who are destined to coexist. Instead of focusing on Outsourced Security and legitimacy from distant powers, they must return to geographical realities. They ought to study history to recognise which nation has been the source of security and stability in the Persian Gulf for millennia.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
Midweek Review
JVP/NPP government and social media
‘Aragalaya’ betrayed? ‘The treason of the intellectuals’ in the age of populism – Part III
The JVP/NPP government, which relied heavily on social media to come to power, seems to be deeply afraid that it will be overthrown by a second aragalaya fuelled by social media. The government has been accused of organising and directing forces—including pro-government social media activists—from behind the scenes to prevent criticism of the government’s actions from shaping public opinion against the government through social media. Critics say that the aim is to discourage, silence, and drive away critics of the government through ridicule, insults, obscene statements, and intimidation.
Leaving aside these behind-the-scenes manoeuvers, the news that a group of YouTubers, who are identified as “dhobies” or “washers,” recently attended a private press conference at the JVP party headquarters at the invitation of the President and the Minister of Mass Media and Cabinet Media Spokesperson, is a powerful example of the weight the current government places on social media.
“Dhobies”/”washers”
The intelligentsia and intellectuals in democracies play a key role in shaping public opinion, which is traditionally vital in determining the outcome of elections or in building public protests. In the era of social media ubiquity, the primary location of the intelligentsia engaged in politics has shifted to social media. Influencing social media users is now seen as the key to political victory—hence the significance of the phenomenon identified by the term “dhobies”/”washers” (literally laundrymen).
Manifested as a voluntary social media activity—dominated by Facebook and primarily occurring in the Sinhala medium (this article does not cover Tamil social media)—the phenomenon of “washers” is an unprecedented and unique addition to the political process in Sri Lanka. This is an activity of political significance with a certain level of intellectual content that goes beyond the level of mere social media activism, and is carried out by the intelligentsia and intellectuals. These “washers”, alongside the academics who lead them, emphatically state that it is their responsibility to work vigorously to protect this government—one that they brought to power and which aligns with the ideology they believe in.
This group also includes social media journalists who identify themselves as left-wing political activists and as ‘analytical’ discussion presenters via content creation—podcasts and video interviews—as opposed to being mere social media activists.
To achieve their goal, the “washers” understand their role as “cleaning” or “whitewashing” the government in the face of criticism or controversy. They seek to prove the government right by targeting, attacking, and silencing critics through quibbling and intimidation, thereby “protecting” the government.
Although these attacks primarily come in the form of “intellectual” attacks, the range of attacks unleashed under that “intellectual leadership” includes ridicule, insults, and harassment, which are encouraged to be directed at opponents at various levels. Posts are published subtly or directly inviting the “people” who habituate social media as “friends” to post their emojis—likes, dislikes, laughter, ridicule—which may take the form of reaction images, or verbal “comments” against political opponents who publish their views on social media.
In addition to organised “washers,” there are highly credentialed academics who contribute to the “washing” process on their own Facebook pages, either directly or in tacit, subtle ways. Those who do not actively join indicate their support tacitly as “friends” of the organized “washers”—either via emojis or by participating through seemingly innocuous comments that nevertheless get the job done.
They claim this activity of ‘washing’ is the real ground on which politics is determined today. Their stated argument is that in the current era of social media, ridicule, insults, and harassment are inevitable in politics; therefore, those who cannot face them should not be involved in politics. In other words, in this view, politics dominated by social media seems to reenact Hobbes’”state of nature,” which is “nasty, poor, solitary, brutish, and short,” indicating an unprecedented level to which Sri Lanka’s intellectual culture has descended.
Isn’t it an indictment of academia that the practice of “washing” led by academics comes under serious scrutiny from their academic “friends” on social media, especially in relation to the vocation of intellectuals and their role in politics? Notably, the self-identified intellectual leaders of left populism—some of whom are themselves drawn from academia—circulate within these same social media circles.
What they are trying to protect the government from by silencing their rivals and banishing them from the public arena is a second aragalaya that they and the government seem to firmly believe will build on social media operations if criticism of the government is allowed to spread unabated. Hence, there is the need to somehow suppress criticism while giving the act a veneer of intellectual activity. They are participating in this effort, rallying as both organisations and individuals at different levels.
It needs to be added that while these “washing” activities take place mainly in the medium of Sinhala, related “higher” intellectual content is aired in the English medium as well, mainly in the form of interviews with academics.
Criticising the government from a left political perspective
What has come to be expressed as the essence of this “washing” process is the idea, presented in the form of a theoretical formulation, that when criticising the current government from a leftist political perspective, one should first consider who benefits from it. What it means is that if the current government is criticised from a leftist perspective, it could result in a second aragalaya, leading to the return of those who are currently out of power.
A related question that critics are often asked is this; whom do they see as the leaders of a government that could replace the current government? It is as if citizens should only criticise a government that affects their lives if they have a clear alternative to replace it. It is as if criticism is not something that can be done with the intention of correcting something, or a way to develop an alternative.
This argument rejects the traditional liberal political science argument about bourgeois democracy, which considers holding elections at regular intervals to bring governments to power and changing governments when necessary as positive—which requires accepting as positive the development of a critique of the government in power. Accordingly, it implies that the current government must be kept in power at all costs to prevent the power groups that the people rejected from coming back to power, and that is why the Left should stop criticizing the current government. This is a very strange idea of democracy. It is clearly not the bourgeois liberal democracy we have known so far. So, what kind of democracy is it? As some are wont to do, we can keep on tweaking the term to suit the changing conditions instead of developing a critique in the name of the ideal of democracy. So, what is the new term for what is done with democracy under the new regime? Or, do they think that we have reached an era of post-democracy?
Traditionally, the role of intellectuals and the intelligentsia has been to provide the critical thinking that society needs. But the intellectuals who are engaged in “washing” say that the Left should silence its criticism in order to save the government, and then everything will be fine. Some who support “washing” argue that what the Left should do is not criticize the current government, but push it further to the left. While this argument presumes the government to be Left notwithstanding the Left criticism of it, what it fails to take into account is that one of the reasons the government needs repressive social media forces and “washers” may be that the government is intolerant of criticism that pushes it to the left.
The NPP government came to power by rallying around the NPP organisations and individuals who called themselves liberal, progressive, leftist, radical, etc., outside of the JVP membership. The group that can be called intellectuals among them identified themselves with the NPP through a series of actions—starting from contributing to the work of building the National People’s Power and the formulation of its policies, to taking the leadership of relevant committees at various levels and appearing publicly at various public events of the NPP, even on the election platform. Some of them won the elections on the basis of their identity-based vote blocks or became members of parliament from the national list and even became ministers. Many others, as is customary after an election victory, got themselves appointed to various positions in the government bureaucracy as chairpersons, board/council members, directors, etc., either immediately or later.
Some, whether or not they were appointed, abandoned the critical role they were previously playing in society and have remained silent. Some of them have abandoned the theoretical interventions they were making in the public arena with a view to a “system transformation” until they brought the current government to power, in favour of safe literary or other topics as if the transformation that all those criticisms targeted had been achieved with the coming to power of the current government. Others entered the “washing” business while holding official positions in the current ruling regime. Although not all those involved in the “washing” process are in positions of power, there have been allegations that some of those who are involved without holding positions do so in exchange for payment. Among these groups are those who, traditionally known as independent journalists, are now mostly known as content and/or digital creators, questioning the validity of their claims to represent independent journalism.
Some leftists assume that this will be the last time a left-wing government has come to power in Sri Lanka, and therefore have joined the government believing that they should achieve the maximum good for the people, as if they think that history has ended.
Conclusion: Populism and the treason of intellectuals
In conclusion, returning to the ideology of populism that provided the backdrop for this article, it is relevant to note how some of the key characteristics of populism identified in the literature align with critics’ accounts of the policies followed by the current JVP/NPP government.
At its core, populist ideology presents a dichotomy between a “pure,” idealised conception of the people and a “corrupt” elite. It frames politics as a moral struggle against corruption, seeking to displace the traditional class basis of politics. Being deeply anti-institutional, populism dismisses expert and academic knowledge as elitist.
Driven by a Schmittian logic of friend-versus-enemy politics, populist leaders and the intelligentsia seek to displace the traditional elite, aiming to purge them from politics, academia, and culture with a view to appointing themselves as the new elite.
Populism rejects the democratic state in the name of the people. Political theorist Wendy Brown points out that populism focuses instead on aggressive law and order, statism, and a non-democratic view of liberty—where authority rules, yet individuals claim libertarian freedom.
Globally, populism tends to breed authoritarian leaders who centralise power in the executive branch, stripping judges of their independence and turning elected parliaments into mere rubber stamps. To stay in power, populist movements systematically target checks and balances, the free press, and universities, labeling them as roadblocks against the people’s mandate. Once in control, these regimes use legal gray areas to oppress opposition parties and subvert democracy to ensure they remain in power.
The Treason of the Intellectuals
For the title of my article, I have borrowed the title of a seminal work by the French philosopher and essayist Julien Benda, The Treason of the Intellectuals (1927). Almost a hundred years ago, Benda critiqued the intelligentsia’s betrayal of their vocation as intellectuals, focusing on their abandonment of the Enlightenment ideal of universal humanity. In our case, I would argue that intellectuals have abandoned their vocation in the very name of the “renaissance” and “enlightenment” ideals—or the punarudaya—they claim to stand for, allowing political partisanship to dictate their understanding of the intellectual vocation itself.
In her 2023 book, Nihilistic Times, political theorist Wendy Brown argues that we are living in deeply nihilistic times. Placing this rise in nihilism at the very center of our current political crisis, she warns that it is actively undoing democracy while degrading and confounding both political and academic life. In Brown’s view, nihilism leads to the devaluation of both knowledge and political responsibility—a crisis that is especially clear in academia. She argues that intellectuals have abandoned democracy, the common good, and the pursuit of objective truth, choosing instead to align themselves with whoever holds political or cultural power to serve partisan or authoritarian goals. Ultimately, Brown argues that public intellectuals must act as honest, thoughtful analysts who hold politicians accountable rather than seeking to win their favor. Finally, she issues a direct challenge to left-wing intellectuals to make good on their foundational commitment to true critical thinking.
Midweek Review
The Road Less Traveled
Cutting across the brooding greenery,
Of the big city’s outlying wetlands,
That are verily its purifying lungs,
Are roads less traveled and sought,
That teem with Nature’s All,
Beginning with the tiniest forms of life,
To sprawling giants of the wilds,
Not to speak of birds and butterflies,
Rising to the skies in mesmeric flight…
But nature lovers are nowhere in sight,
Except for frolicking young couples,
Whose purses are pinching so much,
That they can’t afford costlier hideouts,
But there’s no denying that our wetlands,
Need to be right away protected,
Lest they win mention in the Red List,
Of earthly beings heading for extinction.
By Lynn Ockersz
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