Midweek Review
Economic meltdown: Prez takes refuge overseas, ‘advisors’ face legal action
The US denied visa to Narendra Modi in 2005 over his alleged role in murderous rampage in Gujarat three years earlier during his tenure as the Chief Minister of the important Indian state. The US declared Modi would never be issued a visa. The US gradually changed its position as Modi, over the years emerged as the new power. Having won the parliamentary election in May of 2014, Narendra Modi visited Washington in Sept 2014, where he met then US president Barack Obama. The visit received public attention as this was the Indian leader’s first since the US denied him a diplomatic visa to the US for his alleged complicity in 2002 Godhra riots in 2005. Since becoming the Premier, Modi has visited the US seven times. The US response to Modi’s accountability reflects the Superpower’s thinking. Their political, security and economic interests supersedes any other issue. That applies to all major powers. India and China no exceptions.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
India has firmly denied having played any role in facilitating the hasty forced departure, or travel, of 73-year-old former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa from Sri Lanka.
The Indian High Commission said so in a statement issued on July 15 in the wake of Gotabaya Rajapaksa arriving in Singapore, his second stop after initially taking refuge in the Maldives. Based on remarks made by the Spokesperson, Ministry of External Affairs in New Delhi on the previous day, the Indian HC denied coming to the rescue of Gotabaya Rajapaksa.
It would be pertinent to mention that at the time of the forced departure from Sri Lanka, with violent mobs pursuing him, Gotabaya Rajapaksa remained the President and resigned only after reaching Singapore. Therefore, India’s denial that it didn’t have any role in facilitating the departure or travel of former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa from Sri Lanka is questionable. Did New Delhi turn down Colombo’s request to facilitate then President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s departure? If Sri Lanka didn’t ask India to make way for President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and his wife, Iyoma, what made the Indian External Affairs Ministry to categorically deny facilitating the first family’s departure? Perhaps, both capitals should set the record straight.
Still licking its wounds from the aftermath of the forced Indo-Lanka Accord of July 1987 and the disastrous intervention by the Indian Peace Keeping Force here, perhaps for New Delhi it’s a case of the proverbial once bitten twice shy with Pol Pots here who are generating hysteria in the name of Sri Lankan people’s welfare .
Having comfortably won the last presidential election in Nov 2019, Gotabaya Rajapaksa undertook only one state visit before his unceremonious departure from the country. That state visit was to New Delhi, where Gotabaya Rajapaksa met the top Indian leadership. The media quoted Indian President Ram Nath Kovind as having told President Gotabaya Rajapaksa the first official foreign tour marked a new chapter in the historic relationship between the two countries.
The two-day visit took place in the last week of November 2019, soon after the President thwarted shameless Swiss Embassy mission here to derail his presidency. In spite of heavy Western pressure, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa stood his ground and overcame the well-planned diplomatic plot. An effort to evacuate a Swiss Embassy local employee on a trumped up claim of her having been a victim of abduction and molestation by government security personnel was made while the President was in New Delhi.
Swiss authorities ended up with egg on their face as unsubstantiated allegations were proved false. Actually that had been the first major challenge faced by Gotabaya Rajapaksa just days after he won the presidency with an overwhelming majority.
The stage managed incident by the Swiss Embassy here should have been a forewarning to the government of what was in store for them from the West for crushing the terrorist LTTE in the battlefield against their wishes.
A special banquet was held at the Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi in honour of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa on the evening of Nov 29, 2019. Indian President Ram Nath Kovind, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, MPs and Ministers of the Indian Government and members of the Sri Lankan delegation had been among the guests.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented a photograph to President Gotabaya Rajapaksa when they met in Hyderabad. The photograph was of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, during his military training in India. Former Indian Commander and current Minister V.K. Singh and Nigerian President are among those in the picture.
India’s decision not to get involved in the evacuation of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa despite being the preeminent regional power is understandable. That decision should be examined against the backdrop of the US turning down President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and that of his wife’s request for visas. Quad members, the US and India wouldn’t contribute to a situation that may undermine their relationship with those responsible for the overthrowing of the Rajapaksa administration.
The corporate mafia controlled Western media right across has also been in the vanguard of painting Gotabaya as an outright villain, especially telling the world what a luxury lifestyle he led while the people suffered immeasurably, showing the opulence of the presidential palace. In actual fact Gotabaya Rajapaksa hardly ever used any of the official facilities, including massive security contingents, unlike his predecessors, whose motorcades of over a dozen vehicles, even included an ambulance. He actually lived in his modest private home at Pangiriwatte, Mirihana, till a massive violent mob tried to storm it on March 31. In fact it was Daham, the son of previous President Maithripala Sirisena who partied at the Presidential palace with his friends after he was banned by his father from visiting night clubs following a violent incident in one such club during the early days of Sirisena’s presidency.
Both the US and India are concerned about the growing public movement in the wake of the overthrowing of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. The status of Japan and Australia (two other Quad members) relations/role in Sri Lanka are somewhat different from that of India and the US. However, that grouping appeared to be of the view that saving the first family wouldn’t under any circumstances be helpful to their strategy meant to contain the Chinese influence here.
The bottom line is major powers cannot be expected to undertake a missions at the expense of their own vile interests. It would be a grave mistake on the part of the previous Sri Lankan leadership to believe India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy as well as the SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) meant to rescue political leaders.
The US certainly encouraged the public protest campaign against the Rajapaksas. Lawmaker Wimal Weerawansa declared in Parliament how US Ambassador Julie Chung intervened on behalf of protesters when the then government planned to forcibly remove them. But, external interventions wouldn’t have succeeded if not for President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s stubbornness coupled with unforeseen external factors ruined the economy by adamantly sticking to ill-advised foolish decisions till it was too late, especially the decision to do away with some vital taxes and not reversing it when it was obvious to everyone that Sri Lanka could ill afford it while especially battling a pandemic.
Ill-fated decisions
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s administration contributed to his downfall. There is no point in denying the fact a spate of wrong decisions, some taken by the then President’s economic advisors as alleged by members of Parliament as well as Governor of the Central Bank Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe and members of the Monetary Board Dr. Ranee Jayamaha and Sanjiva Jayawardena, PC, and disclosures made by Secretary to the Treasury Mahinda Siriwardana before the Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE) and the Committee on Public Finance (COPF).
Ali Sabry, PC, in an interview with Swarnavahni declared that the Secretary to the Treasury, Governor of the Central Bank, and senior economic advisors to the President, misled the Cabinet of Ministers as regards the economic situation. The President heads the Cabinet.
Sabry explained how the Secretary to the Treasury, Governor of the Central Bank, and senior economic advisors to the President frequently assured that the situation was well under control in spite of difficulties. According to Sabry, that team expressed confidence that issues at hand could be successfully dealt with.
Possibly they were right if a solid friend like China, who helped us immensely in the past as during the height of the war and thereafter had not distanced from us at the worst possible time. That may have been caused by Finance Minister and Rajapaksa sibling Basil, a dual citizen of US and Sri Lanka sailing Lankan ship of state increasingly towards the West like through the highly questionable Yugadanavi deal hastily and secretly concluded at midnight, with much of the government in the dark.
Sabry said so in a live interview, the first since his return from Washington, where he led the government delegation at talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
By the time, the Cabinet-of-Ministers realized the gravity of the situation in August 2021, it was too late.
When the Central Bank floated the rupee in March this year even without bothering to inform the Cabinet-of-Ministers of its decision, irreparable damage had already been caused. No one has challenged Sabry so far over his controversial declarations.
Sabry alleged that those who managed the national economy prevented the country seeking IMF’s intervention well over a year back. Had President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the Cabinet-of-Ministers received proper advice, Sri Lanka would not have been in the current predicament, lawmaker Sabry asserted.
Sabry is one former Minister the whole country can be proud of for having no parochial baggage, with his sole aim being to serve the country with honour to the best of his ability.
Prof. W.A.D. Lakshman (Dec 2019-Sept 2021) and Ajith Nivard Cabraal (Sept 2021-March 2022) served as Governors of CBSL, S.R. Attygalle was the Secretary, Ministry of Finance (Nov 2019-April 2022) whereas another veteran Central Banker Dr. P. B. Jayasundera functioned as Secretary to the President (Nov 2019-Dec 2021). Jayasundera showed his metal as the Treasury Secretary at the height of the war, by essentially keeping the economy humming with hardly any assistance from outside other than from China with various project funding. Because of sensitivities in South India, New Delhi essentially played a hands-off role.
COPE and COPF proceedings confirmed Sabry’s claims. Therefore, there cannot be any ambiguity over the circumstances leading to the massive explosion of public anger at the then President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s private residence at Pangiriwatta, Mirihana, on the night of March 31. The disclosure of the abolition of a spate of taxes, including PAYE (Pay as You Earn) should be fully investigated and the culprits named. Unfortunately, even on fateful March 31, hours before large crowds converged near the President’s private residence, the President believed the situation was well under control.
Discussions with state media heads including print, electronic, President’s Media Division as well as the Information Department at the President’s private residence didn’t result in tangible action. By then Presidential Spokesperson Kingsley Ratnayake has taken two weeks leave and was overseas while the then Director General of Presidential Media Sudeva Hettiarachchi attended the meeting.
Essentially, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa felt that the issues could be addressed, though disruption of fuel, gas and electricity supply caused unprecedented pressure. Obviously no one dared to stress the need for immediate remedial measures. Sudeva Hettiarachchi resigned on July 04 in the wake of the protesters vowing to storm the President’s House. He returned to Swarnawahini where he covered the overthrowing of the Gotabaya Rajapaksa administration. Veteran Sirasa personality Kingsley Ratnayake and Sudeva Hettiarachchi received their appointments in late April 2021 at a time the economic situation was turning for the worse.
Instead of addressing the issues at hand, the government played politics. Basil Rajapaksa was brought in July 2021 to Parliament on the National List and made the Finance Minister. A few months later, State Finance Minister Ajith Nivard Cabraal quit his National List seat in parliament to succeed Prof. W.D. Lakshman as the Governor of the Central Bank. The Pohottuwa party then brought back Jayantha Ketagoda into Parliament to fill the vacancy created by Cabraal’s resignation. Ketagoda earlier resigned his National List seat to pave the way for Basil Rajapaksa to re-enter Parliament. Basil Rajapaksa gave the leadership to the operation that allowed finalization of Yugadanavi deal in Sept 2021. The role played by the disgraced M.M.C. Ferdinando in his capacity as the CEB Chairman highlighted how those elected by the people conducted affairs of the state.
The utterly controversial Yugadanavi deal has caused irreparable damage to the SLPP’s relationship with its constituents. President Rajapaksa quite wrongly believed the crisis could be addressed by reshuffling the Cabinet of Ministers and perhaps major calamity could have been averted if he prevented the then Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa from bringing in several thousands of supporters to Temple Trees for his ostensible farewell.
The May 09 Temple Trees ‘operation’ escalated the situation. The collapse of Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s presidency exactly two months later underscored the failure on the part of those in authority to address the threat on the economic front at an early phase of the crisis.
Dr. Nandalal didn’t mince his words before the COPE when he named Dr. PBJ as the one who prevented the country reaching a consensus with the IMF in early 2020. The central banker explained the responsibility of various persons to varying degrees, including the then Finance Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa for the economic meltdown.
The Supreme Court has been moved against those who caused the financial meltdown. The Bar Association of Sri Lanka is among the petitioners. Let us wait for the developments on the legal front.
The Pohottuwa party didn’t take notice of what was going on. The aging and beleaguered Pohottuwa leadership should be ashamed of its failure at least to address accountability issues in spite of fully exploiting the Geneva challenge at the presidential and parliamentary polls.
Why did the US decline to issue visas to the then President and his wife? Did the US now want to include Gotabaya Rajapaksa in its list of those categorized as human rights violators? The US has already categorized Field Marshal Sarath Fonseka and General Shavendra Silva, Chief of Defence Staff and the first General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the celebrated 58 Division
Udaya Perera’s dilemma
The humiliation suffered by President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, should be examined taking into consideration Maj. Gen. Udaya Perera’s plight in the hands of the Americans. The government didn’t really take notice of the incident at the BIA. In early Dec last year, the US categorized Maj. Gen. Udaya Perera, formerly Sri Lanka’s Deputy High Commissioner in Malaysia (2009-2011) as a war crimes suspect.
The US denied the wartime Director of Operations permission to enter the US though he had a five-year multiple entry visas issued in August 2019. The retired General received the US abrupt about turn as he along with his wife and his teenage son proceeded to the immigration counter to board the Colombo-Singapore SIA flight.
Maj. Gen. Perera has successfully followed top military courses in NDU (National Defence University in 2004) and USAWC (United States Army War College in 2012) and is a frequent traveller.
Having cleared the Perera family, the Singaporean Airline staff at BIA told him that they had received an alert from US authorities.
From Singapore, they were to fly to Los Angeles. Maj. Gen. Perera stayed back while his wife and son went ahead with the planned visit. The General and his wife were to see their first granddaughter born in California.
Having retired in 2017, Perera has received a multiple entry visa two years later. The Maj. Gen. had previously even attended his daughter’s wedding there in Sept. 2019.
The US made its move several weeks after inducting former Army Commander General Mahesh Senanayake into the United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC) International Hall of Fame at Fort Leavenworth. An alumnus of CGSC, Senanayake, who contested the 2019 presidential election has been conferred this honour in recognition of his “outstanding military leadership for the nation and commitment to preserving global peace. “
About a week after blocking Maj. Gen. Perera, the US included two other Sri Lankan military personnel in a list of officials prohibited to enter the US under Section 7031(c) of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programmes Appropriation Act, 2021. The following is the relevant section of the US embassy statement:
• Chandana Hettiarachchi, a Sri Lankan naval intelligence officer, for his involvement in gross violations of human rights, namely, the flagrant denial of the right to liberty of at least eight “Trincomalee 11″ victims, from 2008 to 2009. Sunil Ratnayake, a former Staff Sergeant in the Sri Lanka Army, for his involvement in gross violations of human rights, namely the extrajudicial killings of at least eight Tamil villagers in December 2000. The designation of these two Sri Lankan individuals is not the only action we are taking in support of accountability for gross violations of human rights in Sri Lanka.”
However, the US Embassy statement that dealt with the inclusion of two personnel conveniently refrained from making any reference to Maj. Gen. Udaya Perera.
Actually, separate parliamentary select committees should be appointed to investigate (i) events leading to the ruination of economy with a view to identify them and (ii) Sri Lanka’s response to the Geneva challenge. The circumstances that led Gotabaya Rajapaksa, who survived an LTTE suicide attack in early Dec 2006, to flee the country underscored the need for a deeper examination of Sri Lanka’s economy.
Midweek Review
Israeli-US aggression won’t go unanswered -Iranian Ambassador
Iranian Ambassador in Colombo Dr. Alireza Delkhosh says the Islamic Republic of Iran remains fully prepared to face US-Israeli aggression.
In an interview with The Island at the Iranian Embassy, in Colombo, Dr. Delkhosh emphasised that in case of a fresh outbreak of hostilities, the aggressors, as well as those who provided bases for unprovoked military campaign ,should be prepared to face the consequences.
Excerpts of the interview:
The Island: Did Iran anticipate Israel-US launching unprovoked attacks in the midst of indirect nuclear talks between Iran and US in Geneva, mediated by Oman?
Ambassador: Iran’s wall of mistrust towards the US is rooted in decades of hostile policies and, specifically, Washington’s dark record of broken promises. We always welcomed diplomacy in good faith and serious intent, entering diplomatic channels accordingly; yet, we have repeatedly witnessed the US chose the path of betraying diplomacy in the midst of negotiations.
We do not build our foreign policy on optimism toward the US, as we fundamentally do not view the current US administration as a trustworthy party. The recurrence of provocative patterns and coordination with the Zionist regime’s actions during sensitive negotiations indicate a systematic approach to discredit diplomacy.
From our perspective;
“Any coercive or military action taken alongside mediation efforts serves as further evidence of Washington’s lack of sincere will for diplomacy and its attempt to exert pressure under the guise of dialogue—an approach that will not go unanswered.”
The Island: Do you think the latest war and regional developments, such as the UAE pulling out of OPEC, should be examined, taking into consideration the Oct0ber 7, 2023, Hamas attack on southern Israel.
Ambassador: Allow me to rephrase your question: Is there a link between the attacks carried out by the US and Israel against Iran and the Zionist regime’s warmongering policies? My answer is a definitive “yes”.
Any serious analysis of the current regional dynamics must be placed within the broader historical and structural context of the Palestinian question and the continuation of occupation and blockade. Iran has consistently maintained that the developments of October 7, 2023, did not emerge in a vacuum, but are rooted in decades of unresolved injustice, the denial of legitimate rights of the Palestinian people, and the absence of a credible political horizon.
From this perspective, the subsequent escalation in the region reflects a chain of reactions shaped by long-standing structural tensions, rather than isolated incidents. Iran has repeatedly emphasised that sustainable stability can only be achieved through ending occupation, addressing the root causes of the crisis, and upholding the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people.
Thus, it is important not to reduce complex geopolitical developments to a single starting point. Energy market decisions, alliance shifts, and military escalations are influenced by a broader set of strategic, economic, and political factors.
The Island: What is the status of talks mediated by Pakistan?
Ambassador: A high-ranking Iranian delegation attended an intense day of negotiations, with American negotiators, in Pakistan, on 12th of April, to permanently end a US-Israeli aggression against the country. Iran agreed to participate in the negotiations after US authorities indicated they had accepted Iran’s general conditions as a baseline for peace deal discussions. However, during 20 hours’ intense talks, the US changed its position.
The main sticking point in the talks was the US reluctance to agree to Iran’s legitimate rights to have a peaceful nuclear programme, which Iran has insisted on for years and just before entering the talks, based on the UNSC resolution and the relevant laws.
Iran’s foreign policy is firmly grounded in the principles of dignity, mutual respect, and rejection of coercion or imposed negotiations. Within this framework, Iran has consistently stated that it remains open to indirect diplomatic engagement through mediators, including regional partners, such as Pakistan, provided that diplomacy is conducted in a balanced and credible environment. At the same time, Iran has repeatedly emphasised that the effectiveness of any negotiating track is directly undermined by the US coercive measures, unilateral sanctions, and pressure-based policies.
Sustainable diplomacy necessitates a complete decoupling from pressure tactics; it must be grounded in genuine reciprocity and respect for national rights and interests. Guided by this principled approach, Iran continues to engage in mediation efforts, in good faith, while resolutely safeguarding its sovereign rights and rejecting any framework that resembles ‘dictation under pressure’.”
The Island: The UN has pathetically failed to intervene in the current West Asia conflict. Both Israel and the US simply ignored the UN and the world body seems irrelevant. As a seasoned diplomat what is your opinion on the UN? What is wrong with the global body”
Ambassador: Iran views the UN as an important multilateral institution established to safeguard international peace and security; however, its effectiveness has increasingly been constrained by the selective application of its Charter and the politicisation of decision-making, particularly within the Security Council.
Currently, the international community is witnessing highly dangerous interpretations of ‘peace,’ ‘rights,’ and ‘aggression’ by the US and the Israeli regime. In their lexicon, if they attack a country, it is labelled a ‘peace operation’ or ‘legitimate defence’; yet, if a nation defends itself, it is branded as ‘warmongering.’
“When the innocent people of Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Iran, and Iraq are stripped of their fundamental human and humanitarian rights and endure profound suffering due to attacks, genocides, and inhumane sanctions, it is as if—in the prevailing international discourse—’human rights’ are not being violated at all.”
The world witnessed, on many occasions, that when certain permanent members are directly involved, or aligned with one side of a conflict, the UN’s ability to act impartially is significantly weakened.
From this perspective, the current situation does not reflect irrelevance of the United Nations itself, but rather highlights the structural imbalance in the international order, where enforcement mechanisms are often subject to geopolitical considerations. Iran has, therefore, consistently called for fundamental reform of global governance structures, including democratisation of the Security Council and strengthening of multilateralism, based on justice, equality, and respect for sovereignty.
The Islamic Republic of Iran supports a United Nations that truly represents the rights of nations and establishes justice. The current state of global affairs reflects the failure of certain powers to adhere to the fundamental principles of the UN Charter.
While emphasising the necessity of effective multilateralism to guarantee international peace and security, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently reaffirmed its commitment to an international order, based on international law and the principles of the UN Charter.
In conclusion, I must state that: “Unilateralism negates the essential and fundamental principles of the United Nations. Unilateralism is an invitation to injustice, confrontation, and war.”
The Island: In spite of sustained US pressure, its NATO allies declined to join military action against Iran or commit forces to Hormuz Strait. The British and French positions caused an unprecedented rift between them and the US. Do you think NATO countries’ split position on Iran war caused irreparable damage to the largest military organisation in the world?
Ambassador: Differences among NATO members on the use of force in external theatres are not unprecedented. Divergent approaches to specific regional conflicts can place strain on political unity and strategic messaging within this alliance. Whether such differences translate into long-term structural damage depends on how effectively members manage internal consultation and reaffirm shared principles.
Let’s not forget that NATO is fundamentally a military alliance shaped by the strategic priorities of the United States, and differences among its members often reflect not a principled divergence, but rather varying degrees of alignment with Washington’s regional policies.
What is presented as “internal consultation” within NATO is frequently constrained by asymmetric influence, where key decisions on the use of force are effectively driven by the US agenda.
In this context, disagreements among NATO members on external military actions are seen in Tehran less as an institutional safeguard and more as evidence of the alliance’s limited strategic autonomy, particularly in relation to West Asia. Therefore, these divergences do not merely represent tactical differences, but highlight a deeper structural issue: the growing questioning of interventionist policies and the sustainability of military blocs in addressing complex regional crises.
The Island: When did you first hear about the unprovoked US attack on Iran frigate off Galle? (The date and time, please). Who told you about the unfortunate incident? What was your first reaction?
Ambassador: What was particularly concerning was that the IRIS Dena was understood to be undertaking a routine passage in the region, returning from an official visit to India, and was not engaged in any combat or hostile activity. Any incident involving a naval vessel, under such circumstances, is naturally a matter of serious concern and a war crime, especially when it raises questions about maritime safety and the protection of unarmed or non-combat assets.
My immediate priority, upon receiving credible confirmation about this attack, would have been the safety of personnel and the prevention of any escalation. From the first moments of receiving this information, I have been in direct talks and consultations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other relevant government authorities, while ensuring that no conclusions are drawn until all facts are verified.
The Island: Did you visit the Iranian vessel and sailors now at Trincomalee?
Ambassador: At this stage, I would like to state that the primary responsibility of the mission has been to maintain continuous contact with the relevant Sri Lankan authorities and ensure the safety, welfare, and proper handling of Iranian personnel and assets involved. In this regard, we have been in close and ongoing coordination with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka and other competent government institutions to follow up on all necessary arrangements.
Our focus has been on ensuring that all matters are addressed through official diplomatic channels in accordance with international maritime and humanitarian procedures. The well-being of our personnel and the proper management of the situation remain our highest priority.
The Island: Ambassador, you presented your credentials to the then President Ranil Wickremesinghe in late October, 2023. What were the previous diplomatic stations you served before taking over the Colombo mission?
Ambassador: Prior to my mission in Sri Lanka and the Maldives, I served in various diplomatic capacities in Turkey, Sweden, and Uzbekistan.”
The Island:Would you mind stating Iranian red lines about issues that Iran would never give up such as the right to use nuclear power for civilian purposes and control over Hormuz Strait?
Ambassador: Iran’s foreign policy is based on the principles of sovereignty, deterrence, and the rejection of coercion and unilateral pressure, while simultaneously affirming its commitments under international law. In this framework, we have consistently emphasised that the Islamic Republic will never relinquish its inalienable right to peaceful nuclear energy, including enrichment for civilian purposes, such as energy production, medical applications, and scientific development. As we continually maintained, this right is fully consistent with the Non-Proliferation Treaty.
At the same time, Iran regards the security and management of the Strait of Hormuz as a strategic national responsibility, given that it lies within Iran’s sovereign waters and is one of the world’s most sensitive maritime corridors. Our officials have repeatedly stated that the security of the Persian Gulf and Hormuz must be maintained by regional states themselves, without external militarisation or domination.
However, Iran has consistently expressed concern over certain regional developments in which neighbouring territories have been utilised for the projection of external military power, including by the United States, which, in Tehran’s view, contributes to heightened tensions and undermines regional stability. From Iran’s perspective, such dynamics are among the key factors affecting and jeopardising the security environment of the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz.
Within this framework, Iran has emphasised that any threat to its sovereignty, territorial integrity, or strategic security interests would be met with firm and proportionate resistance, while at the same time reaffirming its commitment to freedom of navigation in accordance with international law.
Taken together, from a broader perspective: “The overarching framework of Iran’s foreign policy is built upon three primary pillars: countering diplomatic pressures, maintaining autonomy in strategic decision-making while safeguarding national interests and sovereignty, and emphasising the principle of reciprocity. This approach—rooted in the three guiding principles of ‘Dignity, Wisdom, and Expediency’—reflects Tehran’s explicit opposition to unilateralism and bullying in the global arena.”
The Island: Iran proved that it had the strength and the will power to face daunting military challenges and, in spite of civilian protests, influenced by economic hardships, the public stood by the leadership during the hour of crisis. What is Iran’s message to the world?
Ambassador: Iran is the heir to a great civilisation, spanning several millennia. Iran’s message to the world is that national resilience is ultimately rooted in the bond between the state and its nation, particularly, during times of external pressure and security challenges. Despite economic hardships, the Iranian people have demonstrated that in moments of national crisis, priorities converge around the defence of sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security.
From this perspective, the experience of recent years is a clear testimony that external pressure, military threats, or coercive policies do not weaken national cohesion; rather, they reinforce a shared sense of resistance and the bond between the leadership and segments of society around core national principles. It highlights that such domestic economic issues are addressed within the framework of national stability, not through external intervention.
There exists an inviolable principle: “Sustainable national cohesion is achieved only in the light of full sovereignty over internal affairs and the rejection of any intervention or the politicisation of domestic developments by foreign powers.”
The Island:Wishful Israel-US assessment for regime change, following the Supreme Leader’s assassination failed. Against the backdrop of US success in Venezuela, they seemed to have wrongly asserted the situation and Iranian military response. How do you see the next few weeks as the US and Israel maintain a fragile ceasefire, regardless of some isolated incidents?
Ambassador: The assumptions that external pressure, military action, or targeted scenarios, such as the assassination of its leadership, would lead to structural political change in Iran, have repeatedly proven to be a strategic miscalculation. “Iran’s security architecture is not modelled after classic Western patterns that could be brought down, through sanctions or threats; rather, it possesses its own unique design.
Iran’s strategic decision-making is rooted in institutional continuity, national sovereignty, and a well-established defence and command structure—one that cannot be disrupted by external pressures or short-term military developments.”
Regarding the current situation, the existing ceasefire environment looks to be fragile and highly sensitive. As repeatedly stressed by our officials and leadership, stability cannot be sustained through coercive measures, continued military pressure, or selective escalation. Therefore, any lasting calm depends on adherence to commitments, respect for sovereignty, and cessation of hostile actions.
In the coming weeks, the situation will remain volatile, yet manageable, and Iran will continue to maintain its readiness to respond to any potential adventurism.
Iran continues to emphasise that sustainable regional security cannot be built on failed assumptions of regime change or military superiority, but only through recognition of political realities and mutual respect under international law.
The Island: Finally, the senseless killing of over 150 schoolgirls and teachers at an Iranian school, at the onset of the latest conflict, horrified the world. However, the response of Western governments, and various human rights bodies, seemed inadequate. Some refrained from commenting on the incident. The situation in Lebanon, too, is deteriorating. Why do they act differently when the perpetrators happened to be the US or Israel?
Ambassador: I believe that the disparity in reactions reflects a long-standing flaw in the international system: the selective application of international law and humanitarian principles, based on political considerations rather than universal standards.
As you noted, when incidents involve the US or Israel, many international actors—including certain Western governments and institutions—tend to interpret events through the narratives of ‘security,’ ‘self-defence,’ or ‘strategic necessity.’ The brutal attack on the Minab girls’ school, which resulted in the slaughter of over 168 students and teachers, has pulled back the curtain on the double standards of those who claim to champion human rights. While the smallest incidents in other countries trigger immediate global outcries. We witness a response characterised by silence, projection, and brazen falsehoods regarding this blatant crime—as well as the horrific atrocities in Gaza and Lebanon. These tactics aim at nothing but distorting reality and whitewashing the perpetrators of these tragedies. This pattern has undermined the credibility of international law and the global human rights framework, as it ignores the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ and suggests that accountability is not applied equally to all members of the international community.
This is not merely a legal issue but an expression of a structural imbalance in the international order, where political alliances and strategic interests dictate the interpretation and enforcement of norms. Therefore, I maintain that: “The only way to restore trust in the international system is through the consistent and non-selective enforcement of international law, without exceptions or double standards, regardless of the identity of the parties involved.”
As a final word: “Ibn Khaldun 1332-1406, a famous philosopher and historian, believes that ‘politics is the product of geography.’ The essence of this hypothesis is that the temporary presence of extra-regional powers in West Asia and the Persian Gulf must not lead certain small coastal states of the Persian Gulf into a strategic miscalculation.
The time will come when outsiders are expelled from this region, leaving only the neighbours who are destined to coexist. Instead of focusing on Outsourced Security and legitimacy from distant powers, they must return to geographical realities. They ought to study history to recognise which nation has been the source of security and stability in the Persian Gulf for millennia.
By Shamindra Ferdinando
Midweek Review
JVP/NPP government and social media
‘Aragalaya’ betrayed? ‘The treason of the intellectuals’ in the age of populism – Part III
The JVP/NPP government, which relied heavily on social media to come to power, seems to be deeply afraid that it will be overthrown by a second aragalaya fuelled by social media. The government has been accused of organising and directing forces—including pro-government social media activists—from behind the scenes to prevent criticism of the government’s actions from shaping public opinion against the government through social media. Critics say that the aim is to discourage, silence, and drive away critics of the government through ridicule, insults, obscene statements, and intimidation.
Leaving aside these behind-the-scenes manoeuvers, the news that a group of YouTubers, who are identified as “dhobies” or “washers,” recently attended a private press conference at the JVP party headquarters at the invitation of the President and the Minister of Mass Media and Cabinet Media Spokesperson, is a powerful example of the weight the current government places on social media.
“Dhobies”/”washers”
The intelligentsia and intellectuals in democracies play a key role in shaping public opinion, which is traditionally vital in determining the outcome of elections or in building public protests. In the era of social media ubiquity, the primary location of the intelligentsia engaged in politics has shifted to social media. Influencing social media users is now seen as the key to political victory—hence the significance of the phenomenon identified by the term “dhobies”/”washers” (literally laundrymen).
Manifested as a voluntary social media activity—dominated by Facebook and primarily occurring in the Sinhala medium (this article does not cover Tamil social media)—the phenomenon of “washers” is an unprecedented and unique addition to the political process in Sri Lanka. This is an activity of political significance with a certain level of intellectual content that goes beyond the level of mere social media activism, and is carried out by the intelligentsia and intellectuals. These “washers”, alongside the academics who lead them, emphatically state that it is their responsibility to work vigorously to protect this government—one that they brought to power and which aligns with the ideology they believe in.
This group also includes social media journalists who identify themselves as left-wing political activists and as ‘analytical’ discussion presenters via content creation—podcasts and video interviews—as opposed to being mere social media activists.
To achieve their goal, the “washers” understand their role as “cleaning” or “whitewashing” the government in the face of criticism or controversy. They seek to prove the government right by targeting, attacking, and silencing critics through quibbling and intimidation, thereby “protecting” the government.
Although these attacks primarily come in the form of “intellectual” attacks, the range of attacks unleashed under that “intellectual leadership” includes ridicule, insults, and harassment, which are encouraged to be directed at opponents at various levels. Posts are published subtly or directly inviting the “people” who habituate social media as “friends” to post their emojis—likes, dislikes, laughter, ridicule—which may take the form of reaction images, or verbal “comments” against political opponents who publish their views on social media.
In addition to organised “washers,” there are highly credentialed academics who contribute to the “washing” process on their own Facebook pages, either directly or in tacit, subtle ways. Those who do not actively join indicate their support tacitly as “friends” of the organized “washers”—either via emojis or by participating through seemingly innocuous comments that nevertheless get the job done.
They claim this activity of ‘washing’ is the real ground on which politics is determined today. Their stated argument is that in the current era of social media, ridicule, insults, and harassment are inevitable in politics; therefore, those who cannot face them should not be involved in politics. In other words, in this view, politics dominated by social media seems to reenact Hobbes’”state of nature,” which is “nasty, poor, solitary, brutish, and short,” indicating an unprecedented level to which Sri Lanka’s intellectual culture has descended.
Isn’t it an indictment of academia that the practice of “washing” led by academics comes under serious scrutiny from their academic “friends” on social media, especially in relation to the vocation of intellectuals and their role in politics? Notably, the self-identified intellectual leaders of left populism—some of whom are themselves drawn from academia—circulate within these same social media circles.
What they are trying to protect the government from by silencing their rivals and banishing them from the public arena is a second aragalaya that they and the government seem to firmly believe will build on social media operations if criticism of the government is allowed to spread unabated. Hence, there is the need to somehow suppress criticism while giving the act a veneer of intellectual activity. They are participating in this effort, rallying as both organisations and individuals at different levels.
It needs to be added that while these “washing” activities take place mainly in the medium of Sinhala, related “higher” intellectual content is aired in the English medium as well, mainly in the form of interviews with academics.
Criticising the government from a left political perspective
What has come to be expressed as the essence of this “washing” process is the idea, presented in the form of a theoretical formulation, that when criticising the current government from a leftist political perspective, one should first consider who benefits from it. What it means is that if the current government is criticised from a leftist perspective, it could result in a second aragalaya, leading to the return of those who are currently out of power.
A related question that critics are often asked is this; whom do they see as the leaders of a government that could replace the current government? It is as if citizens should only criticise a government that affects their lives if they have a clear alternative to replace it. It is as if criticism is not something that can be done with the intention of correcting something, or a way to develop an alternative.
This argument rejects the traditional liberal political science argument about bourgeois democracy, which considers holding elections at regular intervals to bring governments to power and changing governments when necessary as positive—which requires accepting as positive the development of a critique of the government in power. Accordingly, it implies that the current government must be kept in power at all costs to prevent the power groups that the people rejected from coming back to power, and that is why the Left should stop criticizing the current government. This is a very strange idea of democracy. It is clearly not the bourgeois liberal democracy we have known so far. So, what kind of democracy is it? As some are wont to do, we can keep on tweaking the term to suit the changing conditions instead of developing a critique in the name of the ideal of democracy. So, what is the new term for what is done with democracy under the new regime? Or, do they think that we have reached an era of post-democracy?
Traditionally, the role of intellectuals and the intelligentsia has been to provide the critical thinking that society needs. But the intellectuals who are engaged in “washing” say that the Left should silence its criticism in order to save the government, and then everything will be fine. Some who support “washing” argue that what the Left should do is not criticize the current government, but push it further to the left. While this argument presumes the government to be Left notwithstanding the Left criticism of it, what it fails to take into account is that one of the reasons the government needs repressive social media forces and “washers” may be that the government is intolerant of criticism that pushes it to the left.
The NPP government came to power by rallying around the NPP organisations and individuals who called themselves liberal, progressive, leftist, radical, etc., outside of the JVP membership. The group that can be called intellectuals among them identified themselves with the NPP through a series of actions—starting from contributing to the work of building the National People’s Power and the formulation of its policies, to taking the leadership of relevant committees at various levels and appearing publicly at various public events of the NPP, even on the election platform. Some of them won the elections on the basis of their identity-based vote blocks or became members of parliament from the national list and even became ministers. Many others, as is customary after an election victory, got themselves appointed to various positions in the government bureaucracy as chairpersons, board/council members, directors, etc., either immediately or later.
Some, whether or not they were appointed, abandoned the critical role they were previously playing in society and have remained silent. Some of them have abandoned the theoretical interventions they were making in the public arena with a view to a “system transformation” until they brought the current government to power, in favour of safe literary or other topics as if the transformation that all those criticisms targeted had been achieved with the coming to power of the current government. Others entered the “washing” business while holding official positions in the current ruling regime. Although not all those involved in the “washing” process are in positions of power, there have been allegations that some of those who are involved without holding positions do so in exchange for payment. Among these groups are those who, traditionally known as independent journalists, are now mostly known as content and/or digital creators, questioning the validity of their claims to represent independent journalism.
Some leftists assume that this will be the last time a left-wing government has come to power in Sri Lanka, and therefore have joined the government believing that they should achieve the maximum good for the people, as if they think that history has ended.
Conclusion: Populism and the treason of intellectuals
In conclusion, returning to the ideology of populism that provided the backdrop for this article, it is relevant to note how some of the key characteristics of populism identified in the literature align with critics’ accounts of the policies followed by the current JVP/NPP government.
At its core, populist ideology presents a dichotomy between a “pure,” idealised conception of the people and a “corrupt” elite. It frames politics as a moral struggle against corruption, seeking to displace the traditional class basis of politics. Being deeply anti-institutional, populism dismisses expert and academic knowledge as elitist.
Driven by a Schmittian logic of friend-versus-enemy politics, populist leaders and the intelligentsia seek to displace the traditional elite, aiming to purge them from politics, academia, and culture with a view to appointing themselves as the new elite.
Populism rejects the democratic state in the name of the people. Political theorist Wendy Brown points out that populism focuses instead on aggressive law and order, statism, and a non-democratic view of liberty—where authority rules, yet individuals claim libertarian freedom.
Globally, populism tends to breed authoritarian leaders who centralise power in the executive branch, stripping judges of their independence and turning elected parliaments into mere rubber stamps. To stay in power, populist movements systematically target checks and balances, the free press, and universities, labeling them as roadblocks against the people’s mandate. Once in control, these regimes use legal gray areas to oppress opposition parties and subvert democracy to ensure they remain in power.
The Treason of the Intellectuals
For the title of my article, I have borrowed the title of a seminal work by the French philosopher and essayist Julien Benda, The Treason of the Intellectuals (1927). Almost a hundred years ago, Benda critiqued the intelligentsia’s betrayal of their vocation as intellectuals, focusing on their abandonment of the Enlightenment ideal of universal humanity. In our case, I would argue that intellectuals have abandoned their vocation in the very name of the “renaissance” and “enlightenment” ideals—or the punarudaya—they claim to stand for, allowing political partisanship to dictate their understanding of the intellectual vocation itself.
In her 2023 book, Nihilistic Times, political theorist Wendy Brown argues that we are living in deeply nihilistic times. Placing this rise in nihilism at the very center of our current political crisis, she warns that it is actively undoing democracy while degrading and confounding both political and academic life. In Brown’s view, nihilism leads to the devaluation of both knowledge and political responsibility—a crisis that is especially clear in academia. She argues that intellectuals have abandoned democracy, the common good, and the pursuit of objective truth, choosing instead to align themselves with whoever holds political or cultural power to serve partisan or authoritarian goals. Ultimately, Brown argues that public intellectuals must act as honest, thoughtful analysts who hold politicians accountable rather than seeking to win their favor. Finally, she issues a direct challenge to left-wing intellectuals to make good on their foundational commitment to true critical thinking.
Midweek Review
The Road Less Traveled
Cutting across the brooding greenery,
Of the big city’s outlying wetlands,
That are verily its purifying lungs,
Are roads less traveled and sought,
That teem with Nature’s All,
Beginning with the tiniest forms of life,
To sprawling giants of the wilds,
Not to speak of birds and butterflies,
Rising to the skies in mesmeric flight…
But nature lovers are nowhere in sight,
Except for frolicking young couples,
Whose purses are pinching so much,
That they can’t afford costlier hideouts,
But there’s no denying that our wetlands,
Need to be right away protected,
Lest they win mention in the Red List,
Of earthly beings heading for extinction.
By Lynn Ockersz
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