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Change in class alignments and decimation of Aragalaya

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Protesters who came under attack. (File photo courtesy Twitter)

The net result was the recalibration of capitalist rule in Sri Lanka, which was threatened with anarchism. The new class alignment was consummated with departure of the former president and the election of the new president by the parliament. As one could expect, bourgeois support for Aragalaya rapidly faded away in sync with the new class alignment. The fragmented and weakened Aragalaya found itself to be no match to the combined force of the capitalist class, strongly backed by western imperialist interests. Aragalaya was checkmated. It was decimated without a fight. It disappeared into thin air, so to speak.

by Satyajith Andradi

The fact that post – colonial Sri Lanka has been a country deeply divided on racial, religious, class, caste, and political lines is no secret. Further, it is well known that these divisions have from time to time resulted in violent convulsions, claiming countless lives. However, last year, for the first time in our recent history, a protest movement which seemly defied all such animosities, came into being. It arose at the time when the country was facing its severest economic and political crisis since independence. Soon the movement gained great prominence. However, after flourishing for about five months, it suddenly vanished into thin air. This protest movement is widely known as Aragalaya.

In spite of its unprecedented nature, it is not difficult to identify the factors which gave birth to the Aragalaya. Needless to say, the root causes which brought this notable movement into existence were the ever – growing economic hardships, which affected the day-to-day lives of citizens belonging to every strata of society, and the widespread perception amongst the citizenry that rabid corruption and gross incompetence of the political establishment were responsible for dire situation. However, while there isn’t much debate in regard to the genesis of Aragalaya, there seems to be less clarity in regard to its abrupt disappearance from the scene. In fact, extremely divergent views have been expressed in this regard. Some argue that the Aragalaya ended because it achieved its object of ousting the then President, while some assert that it ended due to repression. This brief article attempts to understand the main reasons which led to its abrupt end.

Aragalaya defined

In Sinhala ‘Aragalaya’ means struggle. The Aragalaya was in every sense a struggle. But, then, everyone knows that there have been numerous other struggles in Sri Lanka before Aragalaya, during the Aragalaya, and after its abrupt end. Hence, it is important for the present discussion to define the Aragalaya in terms of its distinguishing characteristics.

The Aragalaya was born on the ninth of April 2022 with the continuous occupation of a wide area of the Galle Face Green in front of the Presidential Secretariat by protestors. It ended with vacation of the area in mid – August, after a period of more than five months. In this regard, it is reminiscent of previous protest movements such as the Occupy Wall Street and the protests in Cairo during the Arab Spring. The Aragalaya was distinctly non-violent and peaceful. In this respect, it showed some affinity to non-violent protest movements such as Mahatma Gandhi’s Satyagraha Movement and the Civil Rights Movement of Martin Luther King Jr., and even Father Gapon’s peaceful, albeit ill-fated, mass petitioning of the Tsar in St. Petersburg, Russia, in 1905. However, more importantly, it brought together people from all social classes – workers, peasant farmers, middle class professionals, and even sections of the bourgeoisie affected by the economic troubles. Further, almost all ethnicities and religions were fairly and visibly represented. Interestingly, the Aragalaya received the endorsement of high profile religious dignitaries, intellectuals, artistes, academics, and sports personalities, with their frequent visit to its Galle Face location. The area exuded a festive atmosphere with plenty of free food, drink, music, and other cultural and religious activity, especially in the late evenings.

An important feature of Aragalaya was its distinctly apolitical character, as far as the country’s numerous political parties are concerned. This prompted some political parties to assert that Aragalaya required political leadership. Some parties even volunteered to provide political direction. However, the Aragalaya continued to reject such unsolicited offers. All in all it projected an anarchist tendency opposed to the existing political establishment of the country in its entirety. It had a plethora of key demands and aspirations such as the call for the resignation of the then president, a system change, anti- corruption, relief from economic hardships, and the recovery of stolen state assets.

Decimation of Aragalaya

As already mentioned, it is often stated that the Aragalaya came to an abrupt end due the repression by the government which came to power after the resignation of the former president in mid – July last year. If so, one may question how Aragalaya managed to withstand a violent attack on May 9th, when it was just a mere month old, and grow from strength to strength. Could such a movement so easily succumb to mere external repression? A counter argument put forward is that the Aragalaya wound up because it achieved its demands with the resignation of the former President in mid- July. If so, what happened to the call for system change, recovery of stolen assets, and relief from economic hardships? Further, why didn’t the Aragalaya wind up in mid – July, immediately exit of the former president, without prolonging its existence till mid – August? Lack of plausible answers to these questions indicate that we should search for more profound reasons for the decimation of the Aragalaya. The answer lies in class dynamics – the radical change in class alignments from the months preceding the birth of the Aragalaya right up to its abrupt end in mid – August last year.

In a piece titled ‘Sinhala Buddhist Nationalism – trump card or junk bond of the national bourgeoisie’ by the present writer published in these columns on 1st December 2021, the government which was voted into power in November 2019 was described as a government of the national bourgeoisie – the indigenous capitalist class, in alliance with vast sections of Sinhala Buddhist peasantry, petty bourgeoisie and working class. It was further mentioned, that the government had greatly alienated its voters amongst the peasant farmers, workers, and petty- bourgeois due to a plethora of reasons such as the ban of chemical fertiliser, chronic shortages and unaffordability of essential food, medicine and fuel, and the attempt to sell state assets to foreign companies. These changes in class alignments were reflected by the departure of populist and left –oriented parties from the government. The popular support for the government of the national bourgeoisie had reached its nadir at the time of the birth of Aragalaya. Needless to say, the traditional class alignments of the national bourgeoisie with the peasantry, working class and petty bourgeoisie were torn asunder, to say the least. Aragalaya flourished in these circumstances. Meanwhile, the government of the national bourgeoisie, in desperation, looked for new class allies. Intriguingly, it forged an alliance with its traditional electoral rival, the United National Party – the party of the comprador capitalist class – the capitalist class subservient to the interest of western imperialists. This unprecedented alliance immensely strengthened and united the country’s capitalist class, and opened a secure access road to western finance capital. The net result was the recalibration of capitalist rule in Sri Lanka, which was threatened with anarchism. The new class alignment was consummated with departure of the former president and the election of the new president by the parliament. As one could expect, bourgeois support for Aragalaya rapidly faded away in sync with the new class alignment. The fragmented and weakened Aragalaya found itself to be no match to the combined force of the capitalist class, strongly backed by western imperialist interests. Aragalaya was checkmated. It was decimated without a fight. It disappeared into thin air, so to speak.



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Acid test emerges for US-EU ties

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressing the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on Tuesday put forward the EU’s viewpoint on current questions in international politics with a clarity, coherence and eloquence that was noteworthy. Essentially, she aimed to leave no one in doubt that a ‘new form of European independence’ had emerged and that European solidarity was at a peak.

These comments emerge against the backdrop of speculation in some international quarters that the Post-World War Two global political and economic order is unraveling. For example, if there was a general tacit presumption that US- Western European ties in particular were more or less rock-solid, that proposition apparently could no longer be taken for granted.

For instance, while US President Donald Trump is on record that he would bring Greenland under US administrative control even by using force against any opposition, if necessary, the EU Commission President was forthright that the EU stood for Greenland’s continued sovereignty and independence.

In fact at the time of writing, small military contingents from France, Germany, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands are reportedly already in Greenland’s capital of Nook for what are described as limited reconnaissance operations. Such moves acquire added importance in view of a further comment by von der Leyen to the effect that the EU would be acting ‘in full solidarity with Greenland and Denmark’; the latter being the current governing entity of Greenland.

It is also of note that the EU Commission President went on to say that the ‘EU has an unwavering commitment to UK’s independence.’ The immediate backdrop to this observation was a UK decision to hand over administrative control over the strategically important Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia to Mauritius in the face of opposition by the Trump administration. That is, European unity in the face of present controversial moves by the US with regard to Greenland and other matters of contention is an unshakable ‘given’.

It is probably the fact that some prominent EU members, who also hold membership of NATO, are firmly behind the EU in its current stand-offs with the US that is prompting the view that the Post-World War Two order is beginning to unravel. This is, however, a matter for the future. It will be in the interests of the contending quarters concerned and probably the world to ensure that the present tensions do not degenerate into an armed confrontation which would have implications for world peace.

However, it is quite some time since the Post-World War Two order began to face challenges. Observers need to take their minds back to the Balkan crisis and the subsequent US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in the immediate Post-Cold War years, for example, to trace the basic historic contours of how the challenges emerged. In the above developments the seeds of global ‘disorder’ were sown.

Such ‘disorder’ was further aggravated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine four years ago. Now it may seem that the world is reaping the proverbial whirlwind. It is relevant to also note that the EU Commission President was on record as pledging to extend material and financial support to Ukraine in its travails.

Currently, the international law and order situation is such that sections of the world cannot be faulted for seeing the Post World War Two international order as relentlessly unraveling, as it were. It will be in the interests of all concerned for negotiated solutions to be found to these global tangles. In fact von der Leyen has committed the EU to finding diplomatic solutions to the issues at hand, including the US-inspired tariff-related squabbles.

Given the apparent helplessness of the UN system, a pre-World War Two situation seems to be unfolding, with those states wielding the most armed might trying to mould international power relations in their favour. In the lead-up to the Second World War, the Hitlerian regime in Germany invaded unopposed one Eastern European country after another as the League of Nations stood idly by. World War Two was the result of the Allied Powers finally jerking themselves out of their complacency and taking on Germany and its allies in a full-blown world war.

However, unlike in the late thirties of the last century, the seeming number one aggressor, which is the US this time around, is not going unchallenged. The EU which has within its fold the foremost of Western democracies has done well to indicate to the US that its power games in Europe are not going unmonitored and unchecked. If the US’ designs to take control of Greenland and Denmark, for instance, are not defeated the world could very well be having on its hands, sooner rather than later, a pre-World War Two type situation.

Ironically, it is the ‘World’s Mightiest Democracy’ which is today allowing itself to be seen as the prime aggressor in the present round of global tensions. In the current confrontations, democratic opinion the world over is obliged to back the EU, since it has emerged as the principal opponent of the US, which is allowing itself to be seen as a fascist power.

Hopefully sane counsel would prevail among the chief antagonists in the present standoff growing, once again, out of uncontainable territorial ambitions. The EU is obliged to lead from the front in resolving the current crisis by diplomatic means since a region-wide armed conflict, for instance, could lead to unbearable ill-consequences for the world.

It does not follow that the UN has no role to play currently. Given the existing power realities within the UN Security Council, the UN cannot be faulted for coming to be seen as helpless in the face of the present tensions. However, it will need to continue with and build on its worldwide development activities since the global South in particular needs them very badly.

The UN needs to strive in the latter directions more than ever before since multi-billionaires are now in the seats of power in the principle state of the global North, the US. As the charity Oxfam has pointed out, such financially all-powerful persons and allied institutions are multiplying virtually incalculably. It follows from these realities that the poor of the world would suffer continuous neglect. The UN would need to redouble its efforts to help these needy sections before widespread poverty leads to hemispheric discontent.

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Features

Brighten up your skin …

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Hi! This week I’ve come up with tips to brighten up your skin.

* Turmeric and Yoghurt Face Pack:

You will need 01 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 02 tablespoons of fresh yoghurt.

Mix the turmeric and yoghurt into a smooth paste and apply evenly on clean skin. Leave it for 15–20 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water

Benefits:

Reduces pigmentation, brightens dull skin and fights acne-causing bacteria.

* Lemon and Honey Glow Pack:

Mix 01teaspoon lemon juice and 01 tablespoon honey and apply it gently to the face. Leave for 10–15 minutes and then wash off with cool water.

Benefits:

Lightens dark spots, improves skin tone and deeply moisturises. By the way, use only 01–02 times a week and avoid sun exposure after use.

* Aloe Vera Gel Treatment:

All you need is fresh aloe vera gel which you can extract from an aloe leaf. Apply a thin layer, before bedtime, leave it overnight, and then wash face in the morning.

Benefits:

Repairs damaged skin, lightens pigmentation and adds natural glow.

* Rice Flour and Milk Scrub:

You will need 01 tablespoon rice flour and 02 tablespoons fresh milk.

Mix the rice flour and milk into a thick paste and then massage gently in circular motions. Leave for 10 minutes and then rinse with water.

Benefits:

Removes dead skin cells, improves complexion, and smoothens skin.

* Tomato Pulp Mask:

Apply the tomato pulp directly, leave for 15 minutes, and then rinse with cool water

Benefits:

Controls excess oil, reduces tan, and brightens skin naturally.

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Shooting for the stars …

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That’s precisely what 25-year-old Hansana Balasuriya has in mind – shooting for the stars – when she was selected to represent Sri Lanka on the international stage at Miss Intercontinental 2025, in Sahl Hasheesh, Egypt.

The grand finale is next Thursday, 29th January, and Hansana is all geared up to make her presence felt in a big way.

Her journey is a testament to her fearless spirit and multifaceted talents … yes, her life is a whirlwind of passion, purpose, and pageantry.

Raised in a family of water babies (Director of The Deep End and Glory Swim Shop), Hansana’s love affair with swimming began in childhood and then she branched out to master the “art of 8 limbs” as a Muay Thai fighter, nailed Karate and Kickboxing (3-time black belt holder), and even threw herself into athletics (literally!), especially throwing events, and netball, as well.

A proud Bishop’s College alumna, Hansana’s leadership skills also shone bright as Senior Choir Leader.

She earned a BA (Hons) in Business Administration from Esoft Metropolitan University, and then the world became her playground.

Before long, modelling and pageantry also came into her scene.

She says she took to part-time modelling, as a hobby, and that led to pageants, grabbing 2nd Runner-up titles at Miss Nature Queen and Miss World Sri Lanka 2025.

When she’s not ruling the stage, or pool, Hansana’s belting tunes with Soul Sounds, Sri Lanka’s largest female ensemble.

What’s more, her artistry extends to drawing, and she loves hitting the open road for long drives, she says.

This water warrior is also on a mission – as Founder of Wave of Safety,

Hansana happens to be the youngest Executive Committee Member of the Sri Lanka Aquatic Sports Union (SLASU) and, as founder of Wave of Safety, she’s spreading water safety awareness and saving lives.

Today is Hansana’s ninth day in Egypt and the itinerary for today, says National Director for Sri Lanka, Brian Kerkoven, is ‘Jeep Safari and Sunset at the Desert.’

And … the all-important day at Miss Intercontinental 2025 is next Thursday, 29th January.

Well, good luck to Hansana.

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