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Brewing a different cup of coffee

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One of the top ten Arabica varieties of  coffee in the world, our own Lak Parakum is now being promoted by the Department of Export Agriculture in all Arabica coffee-growing districts in the island. Plants of this variety are distributed among growers through several coffee nurseries in the upcountry. The coffee rust which ended the  island’s coffee romance in British-occupied then  Ceylon is given hope for resurgence with the promotion of the new  variety.

BY RANDIMA ATTYGALLE

History has it that coffee was introduced to Ceylon in 1503 by the Arab traders from Yemen. However, the planting of coffee as a commercial crop in the island commenced with the Dutch occupancy and continued under the British rule. Planter R.B Butler who had experience in coffee plantations in Jamaica came here in 1837 and introduced methods to yield a better coffee crop. By 1863, the value of coffee imported into Europe from all parts of the world amounted to £270 million, and we were exporting nearly a third of that. By 1870, Sri Lanka’s coffee production peaked with over 275,000 hectares being cultivated, according to the Sri Lanka Export Development Board (EDB) data.

The colonial Ceylon was among the top coffee producing and exporting nations and a coffee-drinking culture complete with kopi kaday (coffee kiosks) and kopi kele (coffee forests) evolved. Christine Spittel-Wilson’s famous book The Bitter Berry revolves around the ethos of a Ceylonese coffee plantation.

Sadly, the coffee rust of 1870 (caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix) destroyed all plantations bringing the coffee romance of the country to an end. Although rust-tolerant varieties were later introduced, today coffee is an intercrop with tea and coconut. However, Lak Parakum promoted by the Department of Export Agriculture (DEA), encourages planters to expand their coffee acreage.

Sri Lanka’s coffee cultivation covers around 4,600 hectares and the two main commercially important species locally grown are Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) and Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora). These two main species grown here include several varieties. “While Arabica coffee varieties are recommended for mid and up country areas with an altitude of over 400m (Nuwara Eliya, Kandy, Matale and Badulla), Robusta variety is recommended for mid and low country with an altitude of less than 800m( Kegalle, Kurunegala, Kandy and Matale). These

recommendations are made depending on the temperature variation. While Arabica prefers a temperature of 15-28ºC, Robusta thrives in a temperature of 18-36ºC” says Dr. H.M.P.A Subasinghe, Director (Research), Department of Export Agriculture (DEA).

The global specialty coffee market as the EDB notes, is projected to reach over USD 80 billion by 2025 which offers enormous growth potential for coffee producers. In line with this increasing demand, Sri Lanka’s coffee exports have increased in recent years, growing 84 percent from 2017 to reach nearly USD 355,000 by 2019 according to EDB data. The coffee industry as the EDB notes, has attracted increased investment from the private sector and increased local demand and consumption of locally grown coffee in hotels, restaurants and cafes.

More than 80% the world demand is for Arabica coffee and the requirement is 8.8 million mt, says Dr. Subasinghe. Lak Parakum with its quality parameters stands among the best ten Arabica varieties in the world, he adds.

Even after releasing the new variety Lak Parakum, it did not become popular among farmers due to lower prices offered for coffee. But the Director (Research) of the DEA then, Dr. J.M.Seneviratne initiated collaborations with the authorities at the Nuwara Eliya District Secretariat to popularize the new variety among growers in the Nuwara Eliya District. He also worked with Mr. Kenneth McAlpine, a member of the Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) for the global coffee industry to find the quality parameters of Lak Parakum and found that overall score was 85.5 which is way above the cutoff point for the best coffees which is considered to be 75.”

While Lak Parakum is promoted for higher elevations, IMY which is of Robusta variety is also promoted for lower elevations right now. While the domestic coffee consumption is 2,300 mt. our annual production was 2,345 mt. in 2020 according to DEA’s statistics. Our annual export volume was 26.6 mt in 2020. Australia, UAE, USA, Maldives, New Zealand, Chile, UK and Germany are the major buyers of Sri Lankan coffee. The annual coffee import volume was 104.9 mt in 2020.

“Due to immature coffee harvesting and bad processing practices, most importing countries are rejecting our coffee and with the new variety if we can practice timely harvesting and good processing practices, the export potential is very high,” observes Dr. Subasinghe.

Several new measures are now in place to tap a lucrative market for Sri Lankan coffee. Production of planting material with private sector nurseries, awareness programmes for harvesting and processing practices for high quality products, promotion for value addition, introduction of GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) Certification to get premium prices and increasing the coffee extent from 4,600 ha to 5,800 ha and the export volume from 30 mt. to 200 mt by 2025 are among these. Collaborations with the Australian government-funded Market Development Facility for the improvement of the coffee industry are also in place.

Although threats from rust diseases are still prevalent in coffee fields, they can be controlled with good management practices and available control measures, points out Dr. Subasinghe. “Apart from the rust disease, the major pest problem is the coffee berry borer damage. This too can be managed with good crop management practices. While Robusta varieties are highly tolerant for rust, Arabica is medium tolerant.”

Due to the low prices offered for coffee (Rs. 350 to 400 per kilo), many growers had neglected coffee in the last few years, however, currently a kilo of coffee could get Rs. 1,200. “We also offer coffee growers incentives including free planting material, technological assistance for planting, crop management, harvesting, fertilizer application, processing and management of pest and diseases. Subsidies for irrigation facilities and machinery used for post-harvest practices and support for GAP are also offered.”

Managing Director of Kelaneiya & Braemar Estate Maskeliya, Murugiah Balendran, a leading grower of Lak Parakum first experimented with it in 2014. Director (Research) of the DEA then, Dr. J.M.Seneviratne who collected a gene pool from old plants from many areas including Walapane, Ramboda, Galaha and Nilambe offered me mother plants of Lak Parakum and encouraged me to experiment with them,” reflects Balendran who goes onto add that the ‘trial and error’ exercise eventually turned out to be successful. His own estate which was once an exclusive coffee plantation still has coffee trees more than 100 years old.

The senior planter who is now well versed in producing seed stock of Lak Parakum has released about 1,500 kg to nurseries since 2018. “Each kilo of seed could produce 2,000 to 3,000 plants, so a sizeable amount of plants have been generated todate.” Balendran has dedicated four hectares of land to coffee alone today and urge fellow coffee growers to move away from the ‘intercrop mindset’ and allocate more fertile land for the crop. “Many growers plant coffee in vacant land space where largely tea had been removed. However, unless the soil quality is improved, planting coffee in vacant tea and coconut estates won’t do.”

Balendran who also grows several other varieties of coffee including a few Indian ones remarks that there is a notable difference between those and Lak Parakum in terms of the yield, resistance to disease and the texture of beans. “However it will take us another four to five years to show the true potential of it.”

Lack of fertilizer has taken a notable toll on the crop, laments the planter. “At the time of blooming and berries start setting, we need to give some fertilizer. But unfortunately last year our crop was very poor and didn’t match our expectations. Even the seed delivery to DEA and other agents got curtailed to a large extent. Moreover, although I have been supplying coffee seed material from 2018, I have so far not received any significant assistance from any government agency,” remarks Balendran who moots an effective result-oriented incentive scheme for coffee growers.

Photo credit: Murugiah
Balendran, Royal Commonwealth
Society, W.L.H. Skeen & Co.



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Shocking cases of child abuse awaiting justice

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L - R: Om Prakash Sen Thakuri - Executive Director (Legal Literacy, Nepal), Dr. Dehan Gunasekara (Commissioner, Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka), Dr. Tush Wickramanayaka (Chairperson, Stop Cruelty Trust/Co-convener Child Protection Alliance), Priyantha Jayakody (Snr Rtd DIG of Police)

Celebrating ‘Our Children’ on International Day to End Corporal Punishment

An event to mark the International Day to end corporal punishment was held at the public library recently. Organised by the Stop Child Cruelty Trust and the Child Protection Alliance it was an compelling advocacy iniative to combact violence against children.

Dr Tush Wickramanayaka, Founder Chairperson of SCC and Co-convener of CPA, shared her disappointment that the delay the submission of the Bill in parliament, which was already passed in Cabinet by the previous government on 2024 “Physical abuse of children is a preventable crime that has been normalised in society. Each day, there are horrendous incidents reported in the media. GOSL has a national and international obligation to fulfil its promises to eradicate this menace towards the dawn of a happier and safer future for the true beneficiaries of the future, our children”, said Dr Wickramanayaka.

Prof Savitri Goonesekere, Emeritus Professor of Law, Faculty of Colombo, was the chief guest. She delivered a powerful message on the implementation of the law. Whilst highlighting the shocking 40,000 cases of child abuse awaiting justice for years, Prof Goonesekere warned, the law is not for the people who respect it; the law is for the people who violate it. When there is impunity and a lack of prosecution, then you give a powerful message of legitimacy.”

The event also featured an expert forum on child protection strategies and celebrated the winners of the ‘Me Unhurt – Stop Child Abuse’ art competition, amplifying youth voices in the fight for their rights.Speaking at the event, Dr Tush Wickramanayake said “Physical abuse of children is a preventable crime that has been normalised in society. Each day, there are horrendous incidents reported in the media.

In February 2025, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared that ending corporal punishment was a public health priority. Each year, 1.8 million children worldwide are subjected to corporal punishment. In some countries, violence against children costs up to six times what is invested in health. Countries that have enacted comprehensive prohibitions against corporal punishment are granting children the same protective legal framework against assault as adults.

Recently forty countries made the first-ever joint statement on corporal punishment to the Human Rights Council, declaring that ending corporal punishment is a human rights priority for children. Children have the fundaShockingmental right to protection from all forms of violence. This right is essential for their well-being, safety, survival and development. It recognises the severe and lasting consequences of violence against children, not just for the individual child but for society as a whole.

Despite being recognised in 2017 as the sole Pathfinding country in South Asia committed to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16.2 (ending violence against children), Sri Lanka’s efforts have faltered. The National Partnership to End Violence Against Children (NPEVAC), established to drive this agenda, dissolved in 2018. At the 2024 Bogotá Ministerial Conference, the government pledged to enact the Penal Code Reforms Bill to Abolish Corporal Punishment, a long-overdue measure and to implement teacher training programmes by mid-2025. However, legislative delays and inadequate enforcement undermine these commitments.

Om Prakash Sen Thakuri, Executive Director, Legal Literacy, Nepal, was a special invitee and child rights advocate who spoke on Nepal’s efforts to stop child marriages, a critical issue relevant also in Sri Lanka. Whilst Nepal banned corporal punishment in all settings in 2018, the implementation of the laws was still challenging.

Saranga Disasekara, actor and brand Ambassador of #NOguti awaitingexplained, “At a time when Sri Lanka is crippled in many aspects of society, parents must improve communication with their children and ensure their children can come to them without fear if there is any concern relating to their well-being; child protection is a collective social responsibility.”

Dr Gehan Gunathilake, Commissioner of the Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka (HRCSL), reiterated that children need to be recognised as rights holders and their welfare and safety should be at the heart of governance mechanisms. He informed that HRCSL has established a special child rights section to better focus on these issues.

Rtd DIG Priyantha Jayakody, a respected figure in law enforcement, explained, “Child abuse is now one of the top grave crimes in Sri Lanka. The Police must act more vigorously to ensure the evidence is submitted to the courts without delays to avoid the burden on law and order and the judicial services. He was particularly concerned about the 40,000 cases of child abuse awaiting justice and encouraged the government to act swiftly.

Prof Sarath Wijesuriya, renowned author and social activist, spoke on the collective responsibility of society in protecting children. He too insisted that children are the most vulnerable community in any country and the government should act beyond the rhetoric to ensure safety and welfare as a priority.

A key highlight of the event was the award ceremony for the winners of the ‘Me Unhurt – Stop Child Abuse’ art competition and the forum discussion with some of the winners on their views and expectations of a country that promotes and protects child rights.

The ‘Me Unhurt’ competition, judged by Shyamala Pinto Jayawardena (Shyamala School of Art) and Mihiri Devendra (Leap), received over 500 submissions nationwide. The winning designs by Chathuni Sandaleka and David Suarez (both 17) will grace the cover of ‘Our Children’, a forthcoming anthology of survivor narratives. Seventeen additional entrants earned high commendation for their artworks. In an interactive youth forum where the participants were asked to imagine they were President and Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, winners proposed bold reforms including Child-inclusive policymaking (e.g., youth advisory councils). Safer schools with anti-bullying protocols and Adult accountability through community monitoring. Their ideas resonated with attendees, including families and educators, underscoring the power of youth leadership.

Dr Tush Wickramanayaka, who turned adversity to advocacy and is a staunch advocate of child rights, explained that ‘Our Children’ book was a labour of love, a deep love and decades of hope. The art competition provided an opportunity for the young citizens to express their thoughts and feelings in creative masterpieces. The expressive images empower the voice of the victims and the public, highlighting the collective social responsibility to protect children. “The book is in the final stages of editing, and we hope to publish it in 2026. For now, we have created a leaflet of the artworks so that you can enjoy the visual tapestry of the young minds that tells us of the world they envisage. It is a sneak preview of the stories to follow…”, explained Dr Wickramanayaka.

For further information, media inquiries, or to get involved with the Stop Child Cruelty Trust, please contact www.stopchildcruelty.com or 077-1656867. (ZC)

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Italian envoy’s indelible connection with people of Sri Lanka

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Italy is renowned for its high end fashions

Charming with an affable demeanor is the Italian Ambassador to Sri Lanka and Maldives Damiano Francovigh.

A long standing career diplomat, he is a graduate in Oriental languages and literature from the University of Venice in 1991. With a distinguished career spanning diverse diplomatic roles , he brings a wealth of experience to his role in Sri Lanka.

His innate charisma has unsurprisingly, grown quite popular in the social and diplomatic circles of Sri Lanka ever since he arrived in Sri Lanka 2023. In his current role he is dedicated to strenghening the diplomatic relationship between Italy and Sri Lanka.

His first impressions of Sri Lanka have been overwhemingly positive and his remarkable tenure is defined by unmatched activity of showcasing many socialand cultural events in Sri Lanka .Effortlessly chic and elegant at all times, he fulfills his roles with aplomb and epitomises the traits of a quintessential diplomat, with grand finesse. Since fashion is synonymous with Italian culture,Ambassador Damiano plays out the role of being a strong emblem of style. In this interview with ‘Sunday Island’ the Italian envoy shares his views on the naunces of diplomacy, his aspirations for fostering stronger ties between the two countries.

A great art aficionado, Damiano has brought many artists,musicians, chefs and designers to Sri Lanka.

Could you briefly describe your career path and the road you travelled to become Ambassador to Sri Lanka?

I joined the diplomatic service in 2002 and, as it happens for every diplomat, during the years I served both in our Headquarters in Rome and abroad. I was posted to Syria, as head of the commercial section of the Embassy, Vietnam, where I was Deputy Head of Mission, and India, where I was Consul General. After this last posting I served four years in Rome and I think that the experience I had in my previous postings in South-east Asia and in South Asia helped me a lot for being selected as Ambassador to Sri Lanka, a Country I had already visited as a tourist while I was posted in India, prior to my assignment here.

Ambassador Damiano Francovigh

How did your journey into relations between Italy and Sri Lanka begin and how has it evolved since your arrival?

We can say that this journey started, as it happens for all Ambassadors, the day I presented my credentials to then President Ranil Wickremasinghe, in a fascinating ceremony that mixed the ancient tradition of the Country with its rich cultural heritage. Since then, I have met many persons: politicians, civil servants, businesses, artists and also common people, trying to know better this Country, its history and its culture. I also engaged with local communities and institutions, which deepened my understanding of the political, social, economic and diplomatic connections. Our daily work is to see how shared values, mutual interests, and a growing Italian presence in Sri Lanka and Sri Lankan presence in Italy can help foster stronger ties. I have learnt that Sri Lankans take pride in preserving their traditions and the nation’s unique identity while embracing modern innovation, an approach which is very similar to what happens in Italy. This combination of historical depth and cultural richness makes Sri Lanka not just an interesting place but a nation with a soul—one that captivates those who take the time to understand it.

What does being the Italian Ambassador to Sri Lanka mean to you?

Being the Italian Ambassador to Sri Lanka is both an honour and a great responsibility. Italy and Sri Lanka enjoy a long-standing and friendly relationship, built on decades of cooperation across many sectors. This partnership is enriched by the vibrant Sri Lankan community in Italy —the largest in continental Europe— and by the presence of Italian businesses in Sri Lanka, particularly in the garment, tourism, and hospitality sectors. My role is to work closely with the Sri Lankan Government and local authorities to further strengthen these ties, creating favourable conditions for individuals and companies from both countries to thrive. The fact that the well-being of so many people depends, in part, on the quality of this relationship makes my role deeply meaningful. It’s a daily reminder of the real impact diplomacy can have on people’s lives.

Design, fashion and wine-how is the Italian life style perceived in Sri Lanka?

Italian lifestyle is widely appreciated in Sri Lanka, as in many other parts of the world, for its elegance, quality, and craftsmanship. Italian fashion brands are well recognized and sought after, symbolizing a refined and timeless style. The same can be said for Italian design, which is often associated with excellence in furniture, architecture, and automotive. In recent years, Italian wine has also been gaining popularity, with an increasing interest in its rich variety and heritage. The growing number of Italian restaurants in Sri Lanka contribute to spreading the culture of Italian cuisine and lifestyle, making it accessible and enjoyable for many.

What do you love about this country and your special likings?

Sri Lanka is a country of incredible diversity, offering a fascinating blend of natural beauty, cultural richness, and warm hospitality. I have been particularly captivated by its stunning landscapes, from the beaches of the south to the tea plantations of the hills. The historical and archaeological sites, such as Anuradhapura, Sigiriya and Dambulla, are simply breathtaking. The local markets, bustling with activity, are a perfect example of energy, where traditional spices, handcrafted goods, and fresh produce showcase the richness of the land and its people’s ingenuity. On a more personal note, I have a deep appreciation for Sri Lankan seafood and I enjoy trying different local curries. The warmth of the people makes this country a truly special place to live and work.

What are the places and experiences not to be missed for those who want to travel Sri Lanka from Italy? Your favorite food and destinations in Sri Lanka?

Regarding touristic destinations to recommend, this is a very hard choice to make because I should mention so many places which I visited and liked very much, like the southern beaches, or trekking in the Pekoe Trail, or the hills, or the magnificent sacred sculptures of Dambulla, or the experience of playing golf in one of the marvelous courses present in the island. There are indeed so many things which could be listed, but if I have to select only one place, I would then mention Sigiriya, whose visit was, for me, a breathtaking and fascinating experience. Regarding food, I have a special preference for sea food and Sri Lanka is blessed with a great production of wonderful prawns, crabs, lobster and other delicacies of this kind, which I love cooked in any style.

How do you boost cultural co-operation and heritage between the two countries? What are some recent initiatives from the Italian Embassy?

The Embassy organizes a number of initiatives to make Italian culture and lifestyle better known and visible in Si Lanka. I am also very glad that we have recently launched two new social channels, where the Embassy communicates the organization of events or main facts of our bilateral relations that can be of general interest (https://www.facebook.com/ItalyinSriLanka/ , https://www.instagram.com/italyinsrilanka/). The focus of our initiatives is on many different sectors, spanning from fashion and design, to food, culture, science, sports and others: I am glad here to mention the celebration of the worldwide week of Italian cuisine in November, when we invited, with the collaboration of some of the most important hotels in Colombo, five chefs who have presented to the local public Italian delicacies for the entire week, the concert we have organized in Galle in occasion of our national day in June, when we presented the latest creation of the Italian author Nicolò Faraci. And we will have more during 2025, with a concert by a renown Italian violinist in September and a contemporary art performance before the end of the year.

Can you discuss some of the challenges you encountered coming from a country where everything is different, food, language, social ethos, and temperature?

When reaching a new Country diplomats always face challenges, which involve not only our self but all of our family. As a matter of fact, while we maintain a continuity in our work (our procedures and business environment remain always the same in all Italian Embassies worldwide), for our family members the horizon changes totally: new house, new friends, new school for the children, new climate and environment. Moving to Sri Lanka has brought us to an environment that was not unknown since, as I said, I was posted previously in South Asia. Language and food weren’t such a big challenge since English is widely spoken in the region while we started to know and appreciate in our previous posting the use of spices and cooking style typical of the area. Concerning food, I have also to confess that we cook daily original Italian cuisine in my residence, not to miss too much the original flavors of Italy.

Finally, what impression has Sri Lanka left on you? And what message would you like to share with its people?

After almost two years in Sri Lanka, allow me to say that, beyond its economic and cultural strengths, Sri Lanka stands out for its resilience. The country has faced so many challenges, from civil war to economic hardships, yet its people have remained strong, adapting to challenges with determination and optimism. I think that the Country, while completing the journey to come out of the economic crisis, is discovering its great potential, which is still untapped: it’s an island state in a critical junction of the Indo-Pacific area, an area which has been the driver of global growth in the last 20 years; is a country that, since the end of the colonial period, has always enjoyed a democratic political system, a condition which has been strengthened by the results of the very peaceful elections and transition of power carried out in 2024; is a Country rich of wonderful tourist destinations, with a tropical climate allowing to welcome tourist 12 months a year. These are all conditions indicating that Sri Lanka should not implement inward looking policies but should instead continue in the path that it has recently started, strengthening investments in tourism and infrastructures and opening up the economy, and its manufacturing sector, to foreign investments and trade. This will increase the touristic presence in the island and will link up more strictly local industries to global value chains which will lead to an increase of business opportunities, exports and growth.

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Kingsbury, appoints hospitality veteran Nandana Wirasinha as GM

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Nandana Wirasinha GM

The Kingsbury has appointed Nandana Wirasinha as its new General Manager. This pivotal appointment heralds an exciting chapter in the hotel’s journey as it continues to redefine excellence and innovation in Sri Lanka’s luxury hospitality landscape.

Wirasinha brings with him nearly three decades of international hospitality experience, having held senior leadership roles with some of the world’s most esteemed hotel brands. His distinguished career spans all facets of hotel management, including operations, revenue strategy, guest engagement, culinary excellence and operational efficiency. Of particular note are his accomplishments at Jumeirah Hotels & Resorts in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, where he played a key role in delivering benchmark-setting service and guest satisfaction.

Renowned for his ability to build high-performing teams and drive sustained revenue growth, Wirasinha has a proven track record of elevating service standards across the board. During his tenure in the UAE, he led multiple award-winning restaurants in Abu Dhabi, four of which received the coveted Triple Black Hat status in the prestigious ‘What’s On Abu Dhabi Black Hat Guide’—widely considered the region’s equivalent of the Michelin Guide. His leadership has consistently translated into enhanced guest satisfaction, operational excellence, and outstanding business performance.

A committed lifelong learner, Wirasinha is an alumnus of Cornell University with a Certificate in Hotel Real Estate Investment and Asset Management. He also holds an Associate of Arts Degree in Tourism and Hospitality from The Emirates Academy, has completed the Cornell CXO Leadership Programme, and is currently pursuing a Master’s in Business Management at the Postgraduate Institute of Management, Sri Lanka.

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