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Bangladesh – Sri Lanka Preferential Trade Agreement: Gains and policy challenges

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By Asanka Wijesinghe and Chathurrdhika Yogarajah

0espite enhanced trade partnerships in South Asia, intra-regional trade is far from reaching its theoretical potential. Similar production patterns and competitive sectors can be the causes. However, bilateral discussions to further lower trade costs continue. The ongoing Bangladesh-Sri Lanka discussions on a preferential trade agreement (PTA) will benefit from knowing the potential gains from reducing bilateral trade costs. In addition, knowledge of products with higher potential for export gains will help optimise the economic benefits from a trade deal.

Bangladesh – Sri Lanka Trade:
The Current Status

In 2018, when discussions on a PTA began to firm up, Sri Lanka’s exports to Bangladesh were USD 133 million, while imports from Bangladesh were USD 37 million. Despite the low trade volume, Sri Lanka’s exports to Bangladesh have grown (Figure 1). In addition, Sri Lanka records a bilateral trade surplus with Bangladesh, which is encouraging given the country’s trade deficit concerns. However, weak growth of exports from Bangladesh to Sri Lanka can be seen from 2001 to 2016 (Figure 1).

The current trade deals between the two countries are still partially restrictive. Both countries keep a sensitive list of products that are not eligible for tariff cuts. Sri Lanka maintains a list of 925 products sanctioned by SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area) while Bangladesh keeps 993 products. Sri Lanka’s sensitive list covers USD 6.2 million or 23.8% of imports from Bangladesh. The sensitive list of Bangladesh covers USD 77.6 million or 62% of imports from Sri Lanka. Thus, the elimination of sensitive lists may benefit Sri Lanka more.

Figure 1: Trade Intensity between Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

Source: Authors’ Illustration using Trademap Data.

Theoretically, bilateral alliances deepen trade by removing weaknesses in existing multilateral trade arrangements. A trade deal between Bangladesh and Sri Lanka can simplify trade regulations further. In addition, Bangladesh needs alternative preferential access as graduation from Least Developed Country (LDC) status will take away preferential access to its key markets. For Sri Lanka, increasing bilateral participation in production value chains, especially in the textiles sector, might be an economic motivation. Financial support extended by Bangladesh to manage Sri Lanka’s foreign currency pressures might be a political motivation for a trade deal.

Eliminating sensitive lists can lead to trade creation, although it may not happen due to political and economic reasons. When it comes to tariff cuts, both countries will act defensively as certain products in the sensitive lists are vital for employment and revenue generation. Thus, the success of a trade deal depends on how many products with high export potential are under its purview. In this direction, a group of products with specific characteristics can be identified as an offensive list. For example, Sri Lanka’s offensive list includes products that Bangladesh imports from anywhere in the world, produced by Sri Lanka with a capacity for expansion. Sri Lanka has a comparative advantage in exporting that good, and Bangladesh already has a tariff on the product.

Export Gains from Tariff Elimination

If tariffs on the sensitive lists are eliminated, there will be modest export gains for Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in absolute terms. Sri Lanka will gain USD 24.7 to 49.7 million of exports to Bangladesh, while Bangladesh will gain USD 2.1 to 4.5 million of exports to Sri Lanka. Potential export gains are given in a range due to assumptions on elasticity values used in the partial equilibrium model. Elimination of sensitive lists will generate a higher tariff revenue loss to Bangladesh, ranging between USD 13.5 million to USD 19.1 million. By contrast, Sri Lanka’s revenue loss will be slight at USD 1.4 million to USD 1.9 million.

Whatever the arrangement, it is crucial to include the products with high export potential in the offensive lists (See Table 1 for the major products). Out of 39 products in Bangladesh’s offensive list, 21 are intermediate goods, while 18 are consumption goods. Similarly, 75 out of 115 products in Sri Lanka’s offensive list are intermediate goods. Tariff cuts on intermediate products may induce fragmented production between two countries, which would harness country-specific comparative advantages. Major intermediate goods in the offensive lists are dyed cotton fabrics, cartons, boxes, and cases, plain woven fabrics of cotton, denim, natural rubber, and smoked sheets of natural rubber (Table 1).

The ex-ante estimates predict modest gains for Sri Lanka and Bangladesh in absolute terms, even after completely removing the sensitive list. But complete removal is politically challenging for both countries. Moreover, Bangladesh as an LDC may expect special and differential (S&D) treatment. Thus, the outcome can be a limited PTA in line with weaknesses in existing trade agreements governing South Asian trade. The impact on trade of regional trade agreements in force is negative primarily due to stringent general regulatory measures, including rules of origin (ROO), sensitive lists, and prolonged phasing-in. Given that the estimated modest economic gains of a Bangladesh-Sri Lanka PTA do not justify a trade deal that requires substantial resources for negotiations,the PTA should have fewer regulatory measures and tariff concessions for the products on the offensive lists to maximise the economic benefits of a PTA between the two countries.

Link to the full Talking Economics blog: https://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2022/01/20/bangladesh-sri-lanka-preferential-trade-agreement-gains-and-policy-challenges/

Asanka Wijesinghe is a Research Economist at IPS with research interests in macroeconomic policy, international trade, labour and health economics. He holds a BSc in Agricultural Technology and Management from the University of Peradeniya, an MS in Agribusiness and Applied Economics from North Dakota State University, and an MS and PhD in Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics from The Ohio State University. (Talk with Asanka – asanka@ips.lk)

Chathurrdhika Yogarajah is a Research Assistant at IPS with research interests in macroeconomics and trade policy. She holds a BSc (Hons) in Agricultural Technology and Management, specialised in Applied Economics and Business Management from the University of Peradeniya with First Class Honours. She is currently reading for her Master’s in Agricultural Economics at the Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, Peradeniya. (Talk with Chathurrdhika: chathurrdhika@ips.lk)



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SLT MOBITEL and Fintelex empower farmers with the launch of Yaya Agro App

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From left to right – Supipi Nawarathne, Head, Department of Food Technology, UCIARS, Dr. Nisansala Widanapathirana, Head, Department of Agro Technology, UCIARS, Professor Champathi Gunathilake, Director, UCIARS, Dr. Nath Dharmasena, CEO, Fintelex Pvt Ltd, Sudharshana Geeganage, COO, Mobitel, Professor Indika Mahesh Karunathilaka, Vice Chancellor, University of Colombo, Pradeep Arunasiri, Consultant Agronomist – Digital Inclusion, Fintelex Pvt Ltd, and Madura Hewage, Senior Manager – VAS, Mobitel, at the launch of Yaya Agro.

SLT‑MOBITEL Mobile, in collaboration with Fintelex (Pvt) Ltd, has launched ‘Yaya Agro’, an exclusive all‑in‑one smart agriculture app designed to empower Sri Lankan farmers with the tools they need to grow smarter, safer, and more sustainably.

Yaya Agro represents a new era of digital farming in Sri Lanka combining technology, expert knowledge, and community empowerment to provide farmers the confidence to make smarter decisions, improve productivity, and build a sustainable future.

Developed with support from GIZ and Hatch and validated by leading academic and professional institutions including the University of Colombo, Institute for Agrotechnology and Rural Sciences, and the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society, Yaya Agro combines agricultural expertise, real‑time weather updates, first aid support, and AI‑powered assistance into a single, easy‑to‑use platform.

The launch of Yaya Agro positions SLT‑MOBITEL as an innovative, inclusive, and collaborative technology leader. Partnering technology and academic institutions, the company extends its role outside the sector into agriculture, empowering farmers with AI‑driven tools, multilingual access, and market connectivity. The initiative also strengthens SLT‑MOBITEL’s image as a champion of digital empowerment and sustainable development in Sri Lanka.

Functioning as a comprehensive digital companion, Yaya Agro is positioned as a digital farming companion, bringing precision agriculture, real‑time support, and market access to the fingertips of every Sri Lankan farmer.

Whether managing a small home garden or a large commercial farm, the app equips farmers with vital insights to improve crop yield, reduce risks, and connect directly with buyers through the integrated online marketplace.

Yaya Agro offers farmers daily crop information with expert tips on management, pest control, and best practices, all validated by the University of Colombo. It provides accurate, location‑based weather forecasts to help plan farming activities more effectively. The app also delivers life‑saving first aid tutorials and safety information verified by the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society, ensuring farmers are prepared for emergencies. With the AI chatbot assistant, farmers can access instant, personalized advice around the clock, with smart notifications delivering timely alerts and reminders tailored to crop cycles.

To make learning inclusive and accessible, Yaya Agro is available in Sinhala, Tamil, and English, offering interactive educational content such as videos, voice guides, and infographics. The app also integrates an online marketplace, developed in partnership with GIZ and Hatch, enabling farmers to connect directly with buyers and expand their reach. (SLT‑MOBITEL )

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Kegalle sets up District Planning Committee to rein-in development spending under IMF-backed reforms

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Dr. Patabendi addressing officials.

As Sri Lanka presses ahead with IMF-backed fiscal and governance reforms, the Kegalle District Planning Committee (DPC) was formally established yesterday as a standing sub-committee of the District Coordinating Committee (DCC), in a move aimed at tightening control over public investment, reducing duplication and strengthening monitoring at district level.

The committee was constituted under Home Affairs Circular No. 03/2025 issued by the Ministry of Public Administration, Provincial Councils and Local Government, and was inaugurated at the Kegalle District Secretariat auditorium under the leadership of Environment Minister and DCC Co-Chair Dr. Dhammika Patabendi and District Secretary H.M.J.M. Herath.

Addressing officials, Dr. Patabendi said the new structure directly responds to long-standing weaknesses in public investment management that have come under scrutiny during Sri Lanka’s engagement with the International Monetary Fund.

“Under the IMF programme, we cannot afford fragmented planning, overlapping projects or weak monitoring. This committee is about discipline—ensuring that limited public funds are allocated according to national priorities and deliver measurable outcomes,” Dr. Patabendi said.

He stressed that district-level planning must now align with national fiscal consolidation goals, with a stronger emphasis on value-for-money, results-based implementation and accountability.

The District Planning Committee will function as a permanent sub-committee of the DCC, chaired by the district’s Cabinet Minister, with the District Secretary serving as Secretary and the Director of Planning as Convener. Members include officials from district-level price and food committees and heads of government institutions or their nominees.

A central mandate of the committee is the preparation of an Annual Integrated District Development Plan, covering all funding sources—including foreign-funded and donor-supported projects—for approval by the District Coordinating Committee.

Officials said this would help rationalise project selection, prioritise urgent district needs and prevent the duplication of monitoring and evaluation systems, a key concern raised in public investment reviews under the IMF programme.

Dr. Patabendi noted that better coordination of state, private and non-state sector investments at district level would also support macro-level reform objectives by improving spending efficiency without increasing fiscal pressure.

“Fiscal adjustment does not mean stopping development. It means doing development better—through planning, coordination and proper evaluation,” he said.

The committee will oversee the operational rollout of DCC-approved projects, provide advisory support to implementing agencies, and monitor whether projects are delivered within approved timeframes and achieve stated targets.

Progress reports will be submitted to the Presidential Secretariat, Ministry of Public Administration, Ministry of Finance and the District Coordinating Committee, strengthening upward accountability.

At yesterday’s meeting, officials reviewed development proposals linked to the 2026 Budget, with focus on education, health, agriculture, infrastructure, industry, environment and tourism—sectors seen as critical for growth and social protection during the reform period.

Implementation challenges faced by projects carried out in 2025 across several Divisional Secretariat areas were also examined, with discussions centred on resolving bottlenecks early in 2026 and aligning future investments with the district’s five-year development plan.

Senior provincial and district officials, Members of Parliament from Kegalle, local authority heads and divisional secretaries attended the meeting.

Dr. Patabendi said the establishment of the District Planning Committee marked an important step towards embedding IMF-aligned public financial management reforms at the grassroots level, ensuring that development spending contributes to economic recovery while safeguarding fiscal sustainability.

By Ifham Nizam

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Allianz commits €200,000 for post flood recovery in Sri Lanka, part of €600,000 regional relief for Southeast Asia

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Allianz SE (Headquartered in Munich, Germany) announced that it is donating €200,000 to support disaster relief efforts in Sri Lanka. In addition, Allianz SE is also extending its support to Thailand and Indonesia, contributing a further €400,000 to aid disaster relief across Southeast Asia. Torrential rainfalls have triggered severe flooding and landslides across Southeast Asia, leaving more than 1,100 people dead in a week of devastation and complicating rescue efforts for hundreds still missing. Allianz is deeply rooted with local entities in the three countries and serving millions of customers across Asia. By supporting the affected people and communities, Allianz acts on its promise to secure the future of its stakeholders in times of need.

Allianz SE will allocate €100,000 to the Sri Lanka Red Cross Society (SLRCS) to deliver immediate assistance to those most affected and €100,000 will also be provided for post-disaster support, implemented in collaboration with Allianz Insurance Lanka Limited and selected local partners, focusing on disaster prevention and climate resilience, helping communities rebuild and strengthen their preparedness against future events.

Renate Wagner, Member of the Board of Management of Allianz SE, responsible for Asia Pacific, Mergers & Acquisitions, People and Cultures says:

“At Allianz, we stand with the people and communities affected by the severe floods and landslides across Southeast Asia. Through immediate relief and long-term resilience support, we aim to help families recover, strengthen local communities, and better prepare for future climate-related events.”

Anusha Thavarajah, Regional Chief Executive Officer, Allianz Asia Pacific adds:

“Across Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka, many families and communities are facing significant loss and disruption. In moments like these, Allianz stands alongside them. Asia Pacific is home to our people, our customers, and the communities we serve, and we remain deeply committed to the region. Our immediate focus is on providing relief where it is most needed, while also supporting communities to rebuild and strengthen resilience, so those most affected can move forward with confidence.”

Allianz is fully dedicated to Asia and its people. It represents a strategic growth region for Allianz Group, which already has established strong market positions throughout Southeast Asia. Besides Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka, Allianz is present with various business segments in China, India, Malaysia and Singapore, among others.

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