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US: Use of Libraries; UK: Tradition; SL…..

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I was sent the text of a report authored by Kathi Inman Berens PhD, and Rachel Noorda PhD, both of Portland State University, Oregon, based on data collected in 2022 on the use of libraries and books in the US. Dr Berens is a Fulbright Scholar of digital culture, prize winning author and Associate Professor of Book Publishing and Digital Humanities. Dr Noorda is Director and Associate Professor of Publishing. Her research is mainly on consumer behaviour, marketing and entrepreneurship in the book industry.

The main point of their research is that 54% of Gen Z and Millennials visited a physical library within the previous 12 months. This is considerably high use of libraries in this age of electronics and the availability in-house of all information via Internet etc.

The two terms used above need clarification here. “Millennials or the millennial generation is defined as those “born between 1981 and 1996, which means anyone between the ages of 24 and 39 in 2020. This age range, like other generational cohorts, is chosen for statistical analysis of certain trends rather than being a strict identifier.”

“Gen Z or Generation Z is the name for the generation that follows Millennials. It is the name given to the current generation of young people by many demographic researchers. According to the Pew Research Center, Gen Z consists of people born between 1997 and 2012. Google Trends data show that Generation Z is far outpacing other names in people’s searches for information. While there is no scientific process for deciding when a name has stuck, the momentum is clearly behind Gen Z.”

The repor

Getting back to the Berens – Noorda report, of the 2075 Gen Z and Millennials surveyed in 2020, more than half reported they visit libraries and also borrow from a library’s digital collection. “The data also revealed younger Americans’ distinct preference for physical version of books; these young ones read and bought on average twice as many print books per month as any other category.” Thus Dr Noorda, accepting this find as ‘great news,’ commented: “Not only are younger generations of people reading books, buying books and visiting libraries, but they are also engaging with other forms of media. They are gamers, readers, writers and fans who are comfortable with the malleability between media categories and forms.”

Change to suit times

I write about this use of libraries in America because it is excellent news for librarians; me being one. I well remember that at a summer course in Wales in the early 1970s the fear being expressed that the book was surely going the way of dinosaurs to extinction and computers would take over. Book libraries too were on the way out to obsolescence. That meant the redundancy of librarians. Thus the first move: name change from Librarian to Information Scientist, Documentalist etc.

Then libraries changed from being somber, silence-demanding, book lined places with a commanding librarian as supervisor to a completely user friendly, relaxed space of various media, with the book still upfront and taken down and read. Libraries transformed to media centres and some went to the extent of having coffee and snacks on hand.

Silence boards were thrown out even in still conservative libraries. With social media taking over, books were relegated to second place, but still of importance and interest Thus the sheer delight in reading the report I mention above which affirms more than half of the American young adult population is actually visiting physical (against) virtual libraries and reading or borrowing paper-printed books. Great! This applies, I am certain to other advanced countries too.

The President of the American Library Association (ALA), Emily Drabinski adds: “These digitally-immersed generations make clear that libraries are about more than books. Programming relevant to teens and their parents – coding clubs, job application help, gaming, draws even non-readers to the library as does the physical space to connect and collaborate.”

Over here in SL

Thank goodness in a way that Sri Lanka is somewhat backward. Many of our libraries remain as they have always been, book dominated. But many are computerized now, multi-media stocked, and the emphasis moved to users and the concept of dissemination of knowledge. I shudder to think there may be school libraries, even public, that still have books in locked glass fronted cupboards – not open shelving – and a martinet of a librarian guarding the books.

The most encouraging feature connected to reading and books is that both are still very popular across the board. We had a high literacy rate from way back and though the majority suffered the disadvantage of not having much money, reading and books were always held in high esteem. Public libraries were heavily patronized. With the help of organizations such as Room to Read, Dharmavijaya and many others, school libraries were either set up in the recent past or developed. Testimony to the fact that almost all Lankans love and revere books and reading is the large numbers that attend the annual Colombo Book Fair. A very heartening sight is a parent or elder, carrying book parcels and hurrying children to bus halts down Baudhaloka Mavata. Thank goodness! The printed book lives on, and is read.

Tradition in Britain

Every country has its traditions. Britain has more than most; carefully preserved and faithfully followed and practiced for centuries. One such is the Throne Speech delivered by the reigning monarch at each state opening of Parliament for the year. This started in the late 14th century and in its present style in 1852 when Parliament was rebuilt after the great fire.

Traditional customs are unchanged; the monarch and consort arrive in a special gilded carriage in full regalia, the monarch wearing the bejeweled Imperial State Crown Queen Elizabeth II delivered 67 Throne speeches.

This year it was a king who read what the government intended to do in the year ahead, after seven decades. King Charles III and Queen Camilla took centre stage on November 7, 2023, at Westminster.Commented on was the fact that Charles read with deadpan political neutrality that his Parliament under Rishi Sunak planned to expand oil and gas drilling in the North Sea.

He is one of the strongest supporters of the reduction of use of fossil fuels, having made his first speech on environmental protection in 1990 as a 21 year old Heir to the Throne. He has announced that all people “strive together to protect the world from our most existential challenge of all” –global warming but on November 7 he followed tradition unerringly and read out a statement that went against his belief and advocacy.

Traditions here

Boasting a cultural heritage of more than two and a half millennia, Sri Lanka has inherited traditions from the BC period. One such is the Esala Perahera held in Kandy since the third century BC. I make bold to say that unlike in Britain where almost all traditions have been retained and practiced in the original manner, ours have undergone changes. Of course we were colonized and had to bow down to rules imposed by the Portuguese, Dutch and British who first intruded, then annexed coastal regions and finally settled down as rulers of the entire island.

Some traditions were stamped out like temple customs when the Portuguese wielded power. But traditions have been changed by us and ourselves. The Kandy Esala Perahera concentrated on dignity and practicality when it began.. However, the competitive spirit and ‘I can do better’ attitude crept in, so much so that around 100 elephants or more are brought to parade. The Nilames of the Dalada Maligawa and devales, a couple of years ago, approached the then President – Mahinda R – for release of elephants from orphanages for their peraheras. An internationally recognized expert was Head of the Wild Life Conservation Department.

He refused to release elephants from the Uda Walawe orphanage as they were being nurtured to return to the forest when able to fend for themselves. Since the refusal was not acceptable, he resigned his post causing tremendous loss to the nation. Did peraheras of long ago, say even 50 years ago, insist on so many elephants to be tortured by being made to parade at pereheras?

Comes to mind Katina pinkamas since this is the month for such ceremonies to end monks’ three months vas retreats. These pinkamas were simple and dignified; now they tend to be even garish and affordable by only the very rich. Basics are the same, trappings and trimmings have undergone change; the emphasis being on money spending.

How many young ones bow on bended knee to their parents? And the unacceptable recent twist to it of making children go down in respect to all and sundry – school visiting politicians, chief guest at a prize giving. My generation and before, we bowed to parents, grandparents and Buddhist monks; not to family outsiders however powerful they were.

Covid gave a prohibitive blow to kissing as a form of greeting and smooching on one’s cheek and even the western-imported handshake. We went back to greeting or leave-taking with palms together and slight bow. That is how we in Kandy expressed love, appreciation, welcome and goodbye then. Smooching was alien, even repugnant to us.

We Lankans have wonderful traditions, most preserved and practiced as they were long centuries ago, but some tinkered for enhancement but in reality degrading and taking away much of the grace of the customary tradition.

 



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Combining local resources,traditional knowledge and science to build a food-secure Sri Lanka

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World Food Day 2026: Innovating today for a better food future

by Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

What will be on the Sri Lankan dinner table ten years from now? Will our children be able to get nutritious food at a price their families can afford? Will farmers be able to grow enough despite changing weather and rising costs? And how much of the food we produce will actually reach the consumer, instead of being lost or wasted along the way?

These questions can’t wait. A farmer faces unpredictable weather. A family faces rising food costs. Fruit goes unsold after a good harvest. Some children do not get enough nutrition. The future of food is tied to the future of Sri Lanka itself.

World Food Day 2026 is a chance to look beyond the immediate problems and ask whether we can build a food system that feeds our people well, gives farmers better opportunities, protects the environment and makes better use of what we already have. The answer can be yes, but we will have to think differently.

We are not starting from zero. Sri Lanka has diverse crops, fisheries, traditional food knowledge, indigenous varieties, research institutions, universities and a young generation able to create new solutions. What we need is to bring these together and act. Producing more will not secure our food future on its own. It will depend on how intelligently we produce, process, preserve, distribute and consume food.

Making more of what we already have

Innovation does not always mean inventing something new. Often it means finding better uses for the resources we have.

Sri Lanka grows traditional rice varieties, kurakkan, green gram, cowpea, jackfruit, breadfruit, cassava, sweet potato, coconut and palmyrah. All of them have great potential for modern, nutritious, value-added foods. Jackfruit and breadfruit can be made into flour and other convenient products. Traditional rice varieties can go into new foods that suit changing consumer needs. Palmyrah, with its strong cultural heritage, can create new income through better processing, packaging, quality assurance and market development.

The aim is to connect our traditional food knowledge with modern consumer needs and technology, while keeping our food heritage.

Stop wasting the food we produce

Reducing food loss and waste should be a major priority. Seasonal fruits such as mango, banana, papaya and pineapple can be lost in large quantities when production exceeds demand or when storage, transport and processing facilities are inadequate. With suitable technology, these fruits can become dried products, pulps, powders, beverages and other shelf-stable foods.

Agricultural and fisheries by-products are resources too. They could be turned into food ingredients, animal feed, bio-based products and other useful materials, which would move us toward a more circular food economy.

Technology alone is not enough. We need stronger local processing facilities, cold storage, efficient transport, collection centres and market information systems, especially close to where food is produced. Cutting food loss raises the value of what our farmers and fishers already produce.

Nutrition and food safety come first

Food security means more than having enough food. People also need food that is safe and nutritious.

Sri Lanka can develop affordable, nutritious foods from local pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits and fish. Children and other vulnerable groups should get particular attention. Schoolchildren in particular deserve a focus: safe, nutritious, locally sourced products for school feeding programs would support child nutrition, local farmers and domestic food industries at the same time.

Food safety must stay at the centre of food innovation. Good hygiene, quality control, laboratory testing, traceability and appropriate food safety systems are what make new products safe as well as attractive and nutritious.

A food system that can cope with climate change

Climate change is already affecting agricultural production, water availability, crop yields and food prices. We need food systems that can handle changing conditions. That means climate-resilient crops, efficient water use, soil and water conservation, better storage and resource-efficient food processing.

Traditional knowledge matters here. Generations of Sri Lankan farmers have developed practices suited to local climates and ecosystems. Combining that experience with modern science can give us solutions that fit local conditions and are sustainable. Technology alone will not build the future of food. Science, experience and local knowledge together can.

Give young people a bigger role

Sri Lanka’s universities have an important part to play in shaping our food future. Young people should be encouraged to identify real problems in the food system and work on practical solutions in areas such as food waste, sustainable packaging, nutrition, food safety, modernising traditional foods and digital technologies.

A good research project should not always end as a research paper. Where appropriate, research should be supported to move on to products, technologies, enterprises and community solutions. That needs stronger partnerships between universities and industry, along with mentoring, research funding, business support and market connections. If young researchers and entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into viable food innovations, both consumers and producers will benefit.

A pathway designed for Sri Lanka

We do not need to copy food-system models from other countries. We can build a pathway that suits our own resources, culture and needs. It would bring together local resources, traditional knowledge, scientific research, appropriate technology and entrepreneurship, with farmers, fishers, universities, research institutions, food industries, entrepreneurs and policymakers working side by side.

The goal goes beyond selling raw materials. We need to create more value, reduce waste, improve nutrition, generate jobs and strengthen rural livelihoods. This matters especially for small and medium-scale food enterprises, which can drive local economic development when they get the right technical, financial and market support.

The choices we make today

The food future will not create itself. It will be shaped by what we grow, what we research, what we process, what we consume and what we choose not to waste.

So, the question for World Food Day 2026 is this: what can we do today so that every Sri Lankan has safe, nutritious, affordable and sustainable food tomorrow?

The answers are already around us, in our farms, fisheries, food businesses, universities, laboratories and communities. We have the resources, the traditional knowledge, the scientific expertise and talented young people. What we need now is to connect them and act.

A better food future begins with the choices we make today.

Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

Senior Lecturer, Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna

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20th Anniversary of Digampathana blast – the day Sri Lanka Navy cried

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Aftermath of the terror attack

By Admiral Ravindra C Wijegunaratne
WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI (M) (Pakistan), ndc, psn, Bsc
(Hons) (War Studies) (Karachi) MPhil (Madras)
Former Navy Commander and Former Chief of Defence Staff
Former Chairman, Trincomalee Petroleum Terminals Ltd
Former Managing Director Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Former High Commissioner to Pakistan

The Digampathana suicide truck attack on 16th October 2006 remains the deadliest single strike in Sri Lanka Navy history, leaving scars that time cannot erase.

It was a seemingly ordinary Monday morning on 16 October 2006, but the calm of that day would soon be shattered in a way none of us could have imagined. As the Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy and Flag Officer Commanding Naval Fleet at Trincomalee, I was aware that a number of my cadets were travelling that morning, part of a convoy of fifteen buses carrying naval personnel from Trincomalee, Colombo, and other bases, heading toward Dambulla to rendezvous with another group. The convoy also included trucks and escort vehicles, a routine movement planned and coordinated with the army to ensure the roads were clear. The morning started quietly. Some personnel greeted friends, handed over their weapons, or strolled to a nearby tea shop. It all seemed so ordinary—too ordinary for what would come next.

Sri Lanka Navy sunk LTTE Ships carrying arms, ammunition and warlike materials thousand miles away from Sri Lanka in Indian Ocean in September and October 2007.

By late morning, both convoys had reached the small ground at Digampathana, near the Sigiriya junction, and personnel mingled briefly, unaware that a carefully orchestrated act of terror was waiting. Then, suddenly, an empty half-truck veered directly into the convoy. It exploded with a ferocity I can still recall as if it were yesterday. Nuts, bolts, and high explosives tore through the air. Pandemonium erupted instantly. I later learned that 107 of our naval personnel were killed on the spot and another 153 critically injured. The scene was indescribable—bodies scattered, vehicles mangled, personal effects strewn across the ground. I remember later hearing that the head of the suicide bomber was recovered more than 100 meters away from the blast, a grim testament to the sheer force of the explosion.

I was in my office at the Naval and Maritime Academy when my mobile phone rang. A young midshipman from the 21st intake called, his voice trembling: “Sir, there was a huge explosion at the convoy point! Many are dead … my batch mate Wijesundara is among them.” I immediately jumped into my jeep with my escort Chief Petty Officer and driver and rushed to Digampathana, relying on every ounce of my driving skill to reach the scene. The journey, which usually took little more than an hour, felt endless that day, each passing mile weighed down by dread.

When I arrived, I was confronted with a sight that no training can prepare you for. The injured were being rushed to Dambulla Hospital, where doctors and nurses worked tirelessly, improvising in ways that saved lives despite the overwhelming chaos. I went back to the site after visiting the hospital. The remains of our naval personnel were scattered across the ground, and someone had begun collecting weapons and protective gear. I immediately contacted Surgeon Rear Admiral Nico Jayasekara and received his instructions: collect all body parts in separate bags and transport them to the Trincomalee Naval Hospital mortuary. This gruesome work had to be done with care and dignity, and it filled the icebox in my vehicle. Through DNA testing initiated by Rear Admiral Nico, we were able to identify every naval personnel lost that day, bringing some closure to grieving families.

The Navy Commander at the time, Vice Admiral Wasantha Karannagoda, was devastated. I had worked closely with him and knew how deeply he cared for his men. He ensured that the fallen were honoured with full ceremonial naval funerals at Welisara Naval Base, attended by families and comrades. Sixty-seven funerals were conducted in a single day—a number that still haunts me.

The Digampathana attack remains the largest single loss of naval life in our history. It was a day of sorrow, but also a day that reinforced our resolve. The tragedy galvanized the Navy to target the LTTE Sea Tiger wing with renewed determination and reshaped our maritime operations forever. Every time I think of that day, I remember not just the lives lost, but the courage, professionalism, and dedication of those who survived, those who treated the injured, and those who ensured the fallen were honored properly. May the souls of our naval hero’s rest in peace, their sacrifice guiding us and inspiring generations of naval personnel to come.

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‘Murder at Whitby Abbey’

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Tales of Mystery and Suspense – 24

I was intrigued by the title of a book I found in a book drop at the condominium of a friend, Murder at Whitby Abbey, and I brought it home with me though I will not be able to return it in the near future. It was described on the cover page as ‘a standout in the crowded medieval mystery field’, though I fear I do not know of other books in this field, apart from the Cadfael series, which I have dealt with earlier.

The book, by Cassandra Clark, is set during the reign of Richard II and has as a backdrop his precarious position, which led to his being replaced, and murdered, by his cousin Henry, who reigned as Henry IV. It is a gloomy book, the action taking place in the twelve days of Christmas leading up to the Epiphany. And the gloom is pervasive, even though this is supposed to be a time of festivity, with mummers performing, and many of those in the guest house where the heroine stays going to town to enjoy themselves, with much drinking and much music, which also fills the guesthouse.

The heroine Hildegarde is a nun, sent to try to acquire a relic being sold by Whitby Abbey, though this was also a penance set by the Abbot of the monastery that governed her abbess because she had had sex with a man. Soon after she and her companions reach the Abbey set high on a cliff, she finds that there are other bidders, and soon suspects that the hierarchy, not perhaps the Abbot who seems a weakling, but his rapacious bursar, is determined to make money, and not above creating false relics to sell to several aspirants.

After Hildegarde and her Cistercian companions – Whitby is a Benedictine Foundation – two monks, Gregory and Egbert, and a young priest Mark, reach the abbey, they find that Aelwyn, a monk they had met on their way to the guesthouse had died. This was in the apple store, and they realize, when they find the surplices of novices stuffed into the air vents, that he had been left to suffocate in the overwhelming scent of apples.

Clark

The Cistercians are asked to look into the death, perhaps because they are likely to get no cooperation from the Abbey folk, but perhaps because those in charge are keen to know what happened. And the infirmarer, an old monk, suggests Hildegarde talk to a man called Edred who worked for the bursar, and had been a friend of Aelwyn’s. But Edred too is killed, before he can keep an appointment he had made with Hildegarde, drowned in a pool near the farmhouse of the Abbey.

Meanwhile tensions arise between the fisherfolk and the abbey for the bursar wants to charge them for using the beach that technically belongs to the abbey to dry their fish and their nets. This leads to physical battles, when the guards used by the abbey, under the command it seems of the bursar whose determination to make money is not resisted by the abbot and the prior, try to storm the area where the fishermen live.

Hildegard finds out more about what had happened through two youngsters, one of whom Torold is the son of Aelwyn by a woman who worked as a prostitute for a cartel, and with whom Mark fell in love. The other works on the farm and had seen Edred meet someone near the pool, after which that someone left the place by himself. And the boy had also found in the pool a sort of dagger with the seal of the abbey.

He and his dog, and Torold who follows her, rescue Hildegarde from a man at arms who has waylaid her and tries to rape her earlier. Escaping into the abbey she was nearly been raped then by the bursar, but she managed to escape, in the process setting fire to him and the muniments room, which led, when he was rescued, to the discovery of a box with the money he said had been stolen, blame being cast on both Aelwyn and Edred.

Matters come to a head when the fisherfolk try to storm the abbey, being resisted by the men at arms stationed on the towers. But then Hildegarde realizes that behind the murders was the bursar’s clerk, whom she pursued to the cathedral. There is great drama then as she escapes from him when he tries to kill her, and then from the man at arms who had tried to both rape and kill her, but they both fall from the scaffolding she had climbed, the latter coming from a tower where he had been stationed.

Both of them think they run the rapacity of the abbey, the latter claiming to work for the nobles opposed to Richard, who is presented throughout the book as devoted to his subjects, not to power or money. But though the villains die, the bursar continues, having got over the hysteria the fire had caused and his acknowledgment then of guilt – and though the abbot and the prior seem less vicious, whether they will be able to assert themselves is questionable.

Before the climax, when the others in the guesthouse were leaving, Hildegarde found that two of them were in possession of the relic, for which they seem to have paid well. Hildegarde herself had made a derisory offer, but before she leaves the abbot gives her the relic, perhaps in gratitude for what she and her fellow Cistercians had discovered, the abbey having made as much money as it needed and more from the gullible other buyers.

Mark’s inamorata is saved from the stews because she moves in with Edred’s widow whom the bursar had thrown out of the rooms he occupied when her husband was found dead. Hildegarde had paid for lodgings, in a house run by the man who ran the brothels, but he had a kindly side and was going to finance them to make nets for the fishermen.

So, the Cistercians set off for their home as swiftly as they can to get there on the day of the Epiphany, having stopped en route to pray for King Richard whose birthday it was.

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