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Unlocking past to navigate future: Exploring Indian Ocean’s rich history

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The SMS Planet, shown on a postcard, was a survey ship that sailed from Germany to Hong Kong from 1906 to 1907.

Oceanographers and researchers are delving into the historical annals of the Indian Ocean, recognising its pivotal role in shaping the planet’s climate, particularly in the context of the warming world. The Indian Ocean’s influence on the Indian monsoon, a critical source of water and sustenance for millions, is now under intense scrutiny, said a news story published by the Scroll.in, an Indian news website belonging to the Scroll Media Incorporation.

Drawing from maritime expeditions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly the German vessels SMS Gazelle, Valdivia, and SMS Planet, a treasure trove of over 500 temperature observations from surface to seabed depths has been unearthed. Jacob Wenegrat, a physical oceanographer, hails these expedition records as invaluable sources for comprehending ocean warming.

“These historical records offer a glimpse into the past of the Indian Ocean’s temperature changes,” Wenegrat asserts, emphasising the significance of cruise reports as underutilised data troves.

With a deeper understanding of the Indian Ocean’s past, researchers aim to forecast its future. As climate change ushers in the Anthropocene epoch, the need to differentiate between natural variability and human-induced alterations becomes paramount.

Caroline Ummenhofer, an oceanographer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, highlights the importance of discerning these distinctions. She draws insights from 19th-century American whalers’ logbooks and their weather observations, shedding light on historical weather conditions.

However, unlocking the secrets of the Indian Ocean’s past is not just a matter of historical curiosity; it’s crucial for future planning. As Rajani Panchang, an oceanographer and micropaleontologist, asserts, the geological archives within the Indian Ocean provide critical insights into both natural climate variations and anthropogenic influences.

Moreover, collaborative efforts, like the International Indian Ocean Expedition, marked the genesis of comprehensive oceanographic studies in the region. Subsequent initiatives, such as INDEX 1979 and the Deep Sea Drilling Project, continued to enhance scientific understanding.

Rajan emphasizes the significance of drilling projects, like the Glomar Challenger, which unearthed sediment deposits, notably the Bengal and Indus Fans. These deposits serve as historical records of climate fluctuations linked to the Indian landmass and the Himalayas.

Furthermore, advancements in technology, from isotope geochemistry to sophisticated sediment samplers, have revolutionized our ability to comprehend the Anthropocene’s onset and its ongoing impact on the Indian Ocean.

As the International Indian Ocean Expedition-2 concluded in 2020, the integration of modern technologies and improved understanding of oceanic processes continue to shape scientific endeavors in the region.

Panchang raises concerns about preserving undisturbed coastal sediment cores as human encroachment threatens these invaluable records. The quest to understand the Indian Ocean’s past not only informs our present but also holds the key to navigating its future amidst a changing climate and increasing human influence.



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Sun directly overhead Dodanduwa, Rathgama, Yakkalamulla, Akuressa, Mulgirigala, Ranna, Kalamatiya and Ussangoda at about 12:13 noon today (05th April)

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On the apparent northward relative motion of the sun, it is going to be directly over the latitudes of Sri Lanka during 05th to 15th of April in this year.

The nearest areas of Sri Lanka over which the sun is overhead today (05th) are Dodanduwa, Rathgama, Yakkalamulla, Akuressa, Mulgirigala, Ranna, Kalamatiya and Ussangoda at about 12:13 noon

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Heat Index at Caution Level in the Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Eastern, North-western, Northern and North-central provinces and in Monaragala district

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Warm Weather Advisory
Issued by the Natural Hazards Early Warning Centre
Issued at 3.30 p.m. on 04 April 2026, valid for 05 April 2026

The Heat index, the temperature felt on human body is likely to increase up to ‘Caution level’ at some places in the Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Eastern, North-western, Northern and North-central provinces and in Monaragala district.

The Heat Index Forecast is calculated by using relative humidity and maximum temperature and this is the condition that is felt on your body. This is not the forecast of maximum temperature. It is generated by the Department of Meteorology for the next day period and prepared by using global numerical weather prediction model data.

Effect of the heat index on human body is mentioned in the above table and it is prepared on the advice of the Ministry of Health and Indigenous Medical Services.

ACTION REQUIRED
Job sites: Stay hydrated and takes breaks in the shade as often as possible.
Indoors: Check up on the elderly and the sick.
Vehicles: Never leave children unattended.
Outdoors: Limit strenuous outdoor activities, find shade and stay hydrated.
Dress: Wear lightweight and white or light-colored clothing.

Note:
In addition, please refer to advisories issued by the Disaster Preparedness & Response Division, Ministry of Health in this regard as well. For further clarifications please contact 011-7446491.

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Global ‘Walk for Peace’ to be held in Lanka

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The internationally recognized “Walk for Peace,” originating from the United States, is set to take place in Sri Lanka starting April 21, 2026, led by the Most Venerable Paññakara Thero and a delegation of twelve monks from the Maha Sangha, President’s Media Division said.

Spanning seven days across the island, this pilgrimage’s purpose and concept are guided by the Buddha’s teaching, “Caratha bhikkhave carikam bahujana hitaya bahujana sukhaya lokanukampaya” (Wander forth, O Monks, for the welfare and happiness of the many, out of compassion for the world).

This program aims to promote peace and lovingkindness within society. It serves as a practical demonstration that peace cannot be attained by force, but must be cultivated step-by-step through mindfulness.

The inaugural event of this program is scheduled to be held in Anuradhapura on April 21, 2026. A ceremony to receive the sacred sapling of the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi will take place at 4:00 PM, followed by special religious observances at the sacred Ruwanweliseya premises at 5:00 PM.

Thereafter, the walk will commence from the ancient Dambulla Royal Cave Temple and proceed towards Kandy. Upon reaching Kandy, the Maha Sangha will pay their respects to the Chief Prelates (Maha Nayaka Theros) of the Malwatta and Asgiriya Chapters, before visiting the Sri Dalada Maligawa (Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic) to receive blessings.

Throughout the journey, the procession will carry the sacred sapling of the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, along with venerated relics from the historic Nilagiri Cetiya, Madanwala Raja Maha Viharaya in Hanguranketa, Mahiyangana Raja Maha Viharaya, and the Hunupitiya Gangaramaya.

The walk will conclude at Independence Square in Colombo on April 28, 2026. Subsequently, the venerated relics and the sacred sapling of the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi are to be carried from Independence Square to Gangaramaya Temple, Hunupitiya, Colombo by a procession.

The Sri Lankan coordination of the event is spearheaded by Venerable Melpitiye Wimalakirti Thera. The Government of Sri Lanka’s flagship national program, “Clean Sri Lanka,” serves as the principal state partner.

Additionally, the event receives extensive support from various state institutions, including the National Design Centre, the Tri-Forces, and the Department of Information.

At the conclusion of the seven-day walk, a special State Ceremony will be held at Independence Square in Colombo on April 28, 2026. Concurrently, a special exhibition showcasing Sri Lanka’s Buddhist heritage and traditional handicrafts will be organized by the National Design Centre at the Gangaramaya premises on April 28 and 29, 2026.

This exhibition will feature brass items (ceremonial fans, flags, statues, bowls, and pinnacles), lacquerwork (caskets and boxes), clay crafts (bowls and statues), palm leaf crafts (fans and sesath), natural dyeing of robes, Dumbara wall hangings, traditional drums, and traditional paintings.

The primary objective of this cultural program is to contribute Sri Lanka’s Buddhist and cultural heritage to a project in Texas, USA, where the Tripitaka is being inscribed in 10 languages and enshrined within 840 stupas to create a centre for Buddhist education.

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