Life style
Understanding Alzheimer’s
World Alzheimer’s Day is marked on September 21 globally to raise awareness about Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. This year’s theme is ‘Know Dementia, Know Alzheimer’s’.Speaking to the Sunday Island, Dr . Kapila Ranasinghe, Senior Consultant Psychiatrist (with special interest in old-age psychiatry) at the National Institute of Mental Health remarks that Sri Lanka’s inherent social and cultural traits are a strength in addressing Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike in the west where many senior citizens with Alzheimer’s are institutionalized, our culture of caring and looking after the elderly is an advantage in managing the disease better.
BY RANDIMA ATTYGALLE
Be it an elderly parent, a grandparent or any other elderly loved one in your family forgetting important dates or events or repeatedly asking the same question may sound familiar. Some may even be confused with time and places. Very often you may attribute this behaviour to ‘normal ageing’ or old age. But you may be seriously mistaken…These behavioural traits could be early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
In 1901 that German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer’s disease, in a 50-year-old woman he called Auguste D. He described as a ‘peculiar disease’ one of profound memory loss and microscopic brain changes.
Commonest form of dementia
Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia. Although laymen often consider Alzheimer’s and dementia to be synonymous, it is not so. Dementia is a term for several diseases that affect memory, thinking and the ability to perform daily activities. It results from a variety of diseases and injuries that affect the brain. “Although Alzheimer’s disease is indeed one of the most common forms of dementia, it’s important to note that not all dementia is Alzheimer’s,” explains Dr. Kapila Ranasinghe, Senior Consultant Psychiatrist (with special interest in old-age psychiatry) at the National Institute of Mental Health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Alzheimer’s disease may contribute 60-70% of cases of dementia. The other common dementias are:
Vascular Dementia: Often caused by strokes or brain blood vessel diseases, leading to impaired judgment or difficulty in planning and organizing.
Lewy Body Dementia: Characterized by visual hallucinations, sleep disturbances and fluctuating cognitive abilities.
Frontotemporal Dementia: Affects personality, behaviour and language, often leading to socially inappropriate behavior or language difficulties.
Early signs
The presentation of Alzheimer’s is generally late here at home, observes Dr. Ranasinghe. This is largely due to lack of awareness and the common misconceptions related to the early signs signaling the condition, he says. “Very often it is only when an elderly parent or a loved one is causing some kind of disturbance at home with his/her behaviour such as wandering in the night, developing crying or anger swells that children or caregivers seek medical help. Otherwise, early signs of Alzheimer’s such as memory loss, misplacing their possessions etc. is often put down to ‘old age’ and inactivity after retirement.”
Reiterating that Alzheimer’s is not a normal characteristic of aging, the psychiatrist cites some key early signs to watch for and seek medical advice and support. They are:
Memory Loss: Forgetting recently learned information, important dates, or events. Repeatedly asking the same questions.
Difficulty in planning or solving problems: For example, struggling to follow a plan, work with numbers, or keep track of monthly bills.
Challenges completing familiar tasks: Trouble with daily tasks like driving to a familiar location, managing a budget, or remembering the rules of a favourite game.
Confusion with time or place: Losing track of dates and the passage of time. Sometimes forgetting where they are or how they got there.
Trouble in understanding visual images and spatial relationships: Difficulty in reading, judging distance and determining colour or contrast, which can affect driving.
New problems with words in speaking or writing: Trouble following or joining a conversation, stopping in the middle of a conversation, or repeating themselves.
Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps: Putting things in unusual places and being unable to retrace steps to find them.
Decreased or poor judgment: Poor decision-making
Withdrawal from work or social activities: Avoiding social activities, work projects, or hobbies they once enjoyed.
Changes in mood and personality: Becoming confused, suspicious, depressed, fearful, or anxious.
Risk factors
Alzheimer’s disease is influenced by a combination of genetic, medical and lifestyle factors. “The major risk factor is age and the majority of people with the disease are over 65 although a minority could experience it before 65,” explains Dr. Ranasinghe. The genetic risk factors include family history of having a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with Alzheimer’s, genetic variants (the presence of the APOE-e4 gene is associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s) and early-onset of the condition (rare genetic mutations can cause early onset of Alzheimer’s, typically before 65 years).
Certain medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol levels and having a history of traumatic brain injury can also increase the risk of Alzheimer’s in a person. Lifestyle risk factors would include poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. “Many senior citizens whose brains are constantly stimulated either by reading, writing or other mental-stimulants such as regular social-interaction have a very low risk of Alzheimer’s as their cognitive engagement is high,” points out the psychiatrist who goes onto note that lower levels of formal education and less engagement in mentally stimulating activities are linked to a higher risk of developing the disease.
Multiple burdens of the disease
Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years, according to the WHO data will nearly double from 12 % to 22%. In 2050 WHO predicts 80% of older people to be living in low and middle-income countries. “Sri Lanka already has a significant aging population and the double burden of Alzheimer’s disease, especially in the context of aging, is a significant concern. This burden can be individual as well as societal,” remarks Dr. Ranasinghe. Individual burdens would include health decline, emotional and physical impact and financial strains. “Alzheimer’s leads to progressive cognitive and physical decline, affecting the individual’s ability to perform daily activities and maintain independence. It could cause cause anxiety, depression and frustration for both the patient and their family members and care-givers. The cost of medical care, long-term care, and support services can be substantial, often leading to financial stress for families..”
The societal burden of Alzheimer’s too cannot be undermined. “The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s among the ageing population puts a significant strain on healthcare systems, requiring more resources to be mobilized for diagnosis, treatment, and care. The economic burden includes direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of caregivers who may need to reduce work hours or leave their jobs to provide care. The condition also demands social services including support groups, respite care and community interventions to assist both individuals with Alzheimer’s and their care givers,” points out Dr. Ranasinghe who urges family members to seek early medical intervention for their loved ones suspected to be having the disease.
Seeking early care
Having an open discussion with parents and other elders suspected of early signs of the condition and seeking professional help is the key to managing the condition, maintains the psychiatrist. “Many children tend to hide the real situation from their parents and other elderly family members and this does more harm than good because the symptoms of Alzheimer’s worsen over time unless managed properly.”
Although Alzheimer’s cannot be cured, the progression of it could be slowed down with right interventions. “Today our state sector is also well equipped to address the disease both in terms of health care providers and other interventions. There are many non-pharmacological interventions such as memory assessments, cognitive function assessments etc. which will help in functional improvements of the person with Alzheimer’s. The good news is, not only can these interventions improve the quality of life of the person concerned but they are also relatively less expensive than other investigations and treatment modalities. Drugs for the disease are recommended only in severe and advanced stages,” Dr. Ranasinghe notes.
Alzheimer’s disease requires a holistic management or an inter-disciplinary approach to it. “When managing Alzheimer’s’ all aspects of a person’s life should be addressed; his/her physical and mental health, relationships and social life – all of this should be taken stock of. For example, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, excessive cholesterol and high blood pressure should be kept at bay for optimum results,” says Dr. Ranasinghe who also warns against ‘over protection’ of parents and other elders. “We see some elders being over restricted with their social interactions and other physical activities which would be detrimental. Social interaction is vital to slow down the progress of the disease.”
When managing Alzheimer’s, caregivers too need to be looked after as it could be overwhelming to care for a loved one with the disease. “It could be very stressful for caregivers to look after a loved one with the disease and they too need support of other family members and friends and getting the support of health care providers is also critical to avoid burnout,” remarks the consultant.
Sri Lanka’s inherent social and cultural traits are a strength in addressing Alzheimer’s. “Unlike in the west where many elders with the disease are institutionalized, our elders with dementia and Alzheimer’s still enjoy better lives within their family units. The psychological support our system enables with the love and support of the immediate family cannot be undermined at any cost,” concludes Dr. Ranasinghe.
Life style
Bold new vision for Sri Lankan’s tourism
Sri Lanka is rising on the world’s travel radar – a jewel of the sun, drenched beaches, misty tea estates, and hidden waterfalls. Although Thailand dazzles with scale neon lights, bustling party islands and luxury resorts designed to impress, Sri Lanka offers something different, intimacy, authenticity and a luxury that doesn’t shout, it seduces.
As global travel surges and destinations vie for attention, the Deputy Minister of Tourism for Sri Lanka, Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe with deep roots in tourism studies, speaks about elevating Sri Lanka beyond its beautifully raw landscapes into a world class destination that embraces sustainability, technology and community empowerment. We spoke to him and asked what’s next for Sri Lanka and how the island envisions its tourism renaissance over the next few years.
(Q) How do you foresee the tourism strategy direction for the next five years?
(A) Sri Lanka’s future tourism strategy is firmly anchored in sustainable and inclusive tourism. The focus is on balancing growth with responsibility: protecting natural and cultural assets while ensuring that communities across the island benefit directly. Diversification into wellness, eco-tourism, heritage, adventure, and rural experiences will be guided by evidence-based planning and inclusivity.
(Q) The key priorities for post pandemic recovery?
(A) Rebuilding trust with clear safety standards and transparent communication.
Inclusive growth by empowering small entrepreneurs and rural communities.
Sustainable practices in site management, energy use, and conservation.
Diversified demand targeting wellness, eco-travel, and long-stay visitors.
Digital transformation to modernize marketing and expand reach.
(Q) With Tourism booming in Thailand and Maldives, what is Sri Lanka’s position in the tourism landscape?
(A) Sri Lanka’s edge lies in offering a compact, diverse, and authentic experience— heritage, wildlife, tea, beaches, spa and wellness—all within short travel times. By positioning itself as a sustainable and inclusive destination, Sri Lanka appeals to travellers who value responsible tourism and meaningful cultural engagement, setting it apart from regional competitors.
(Q) What are your plans for sustainable and responsible growth for tourism?
(A) Sustainability is non-negotiable. Policies include carrying-capacity management, eco-certification, renewable energy incentives, and climate adaptation in coastal and hill-country zones. Inclusivity ensures that local communities share in tourism’s benefits, reinforcing resilience and equity.
(Q) How do we promote ecotourism, protect wildlife and marine ecosystems?
(A) Eco-tourism is being advanced through responsible visitor management, conservation partnerships, and community guardianship. Wildlife parks, marine ecosystems, and coastal zones are protected with stricter codes of conduct, while local communities are empowered as custodians and beneficiaries.
(Q) How can Sri Lanka showcase its position as a tourist destination?
(A) Sri Lanka presents itself as a sustainable, inclusive, and authentic destination. Live craft, cuisine, Ayurveda, and cultural showcases highlight the island’s unique identity, while digital tools ensure global buyers can connect directly with local providers.
(Q) How do we support small tourism entrepreneurs and rural communities?
(A) Inclusive tourism means empowering SMEs and rural communities with finance, skills, and market access. Homestays, village experiences, and community-based tourism routes are promoted to ensure equitable growth and authentic visitor experiences.
(Q) How do you predict the outlook for Sri Lanka’s tourism by 2030?
(A) By 2030, Sri Lanka envisions a tourism industry that is globally recognized for sustainability and inclusivity. Success will be measured not only in arrivals and revenue, but in conservation outcomes, community empowerment, and equitable regional development.
(Q) How will the role of technology and digital marketing help the tourist sector?
(A) Digital platforms and data insights will modernize Sri Lanka’s tourism, ensuring inclusive access for SMEs and smarter targeting of global markets. Technology supports transparency, efficiency, and sustainability, making tourism more resilient and competitive.
(Q) The impact of recent adverse weather and national disaster on tourism?
(A) Sri Lanka faced severe weather and a national disaster in the past months which inevitably disrupted parts of the tourism industry. Some destinations experienced temporary closures, and travel plans were affected. However, the government has acted swiftly: through the national budget and special allocations, resources are being directed to restore infrastructure, support affected communities, and stabilize the tourism sector.
Importantly, the industry’s resilience is evident. Stakeholders across government, private sector, and communities worked together with peaceful and strong dedication to minimize the damage. Recovery measures include targeted promotions to reassure international markets, rebuilding trust in Sri Lanka as a safe destination, and accelerating necessary upgrades.
This collective response demonstrates that Sri Lanka’s tourism is not only recovering, but doing so in a way that is sustainable, inclusive, and future-focused. The adversity has reinforced our commitment to building a sector that can withstand challenges while continuing to deliver authentic, safe, and memorable experiences for visitors.
Life style
Spectrum of elegance
The Prism story
Tiesh is a luxury Sri Lankan jewellery house known for its high-end handcrafted pieces that combine contemporary design with traditional craftsmanship.
Recently Tiesh unveiled a fresh vision for contemporary luxury called the Prism Collection.
The Prism Collection is a jewellery line launched by Tiesh that draws its inspiration from the way light refracts and splits into rich, vibrant colours when passing through a prism.
The idea behind this collection is to capture the spectrum of light and translate it into wearable art -jewellery that highlights brilliance, colour and dynamic form.
This is an era where jewellery is more than mere ornamentation – where every piece tells a story. Launched to great acclaim at the brand’s elegant Colombo showroom, this collection is a radiant celebration of light, colour and refined artistry – a body of work that doesn’t just adorn but transforms.
Renowned for its dedication to excellence, Tiesh continues to uphold its legacy of producing jewellery that epitomises luxury, elegance and meticulous craftsmanship. Each Prism creation is thoughtfully designed and expertly crafted using the finest precious stones and the skill of master local artisans, reflecting the brand’s unwavering commitment to quality and detail.
Launched as a festive yet fashion-forward collection, Prism presents a curated selection of jewellery that aligns seamlessly with today’s modern aesthetic. Available in yellow gold, rose gold and white gold; the Prism Collection features an extensive range of designs, including rings, earrings, pendants, necklaces, bracelets, bangles and chains. Each piece is crafted to highlight colour, balance and wearability, appealing to the modern, trend-conscious jewellery lover.
With a proud legacy spanning almost three decades Staying true to this ethos, the Prism Collection places
Sri Lankan sapphires in the spotlight, celebrating their natural colours, textures and rarity. Speaking of the collection, Tiesh Co-Director Ayesh de Fonseka stated, “Prism was created in keeping with the times, contemporary yet timeless. In a time when the nation looks towards renewal, this Collection emerges as a symbol of hope and positive transformation. Reflecting light, colour and clarity, the collection embodies a sense of resilience and betterment. As proud Sri Lankans, we wanted
this collection to showcase the exceptional beauty of our local sapphires alongside other precious stones. These are statement pieces designed for modern lifestyles.”
The collection also embraces customisation, a signature element of the Tiesh experience. Clients are invited to select their preferred gemstones and personalise designs, resulting in truly one-of-a-kind creations that reflect individual style and expression.
With global gold prices reaching historic highs, fine jewellery has inevitably become heavier on the wallet Yet for discerning clients, the conversation is no longer about grams alone
Here customers can adjust stone size, setting style and medal choice to suit their budget. At Tiesh, you’ll notice another surprise – the after-care service such as polishing and maintenance.
The gold at Tiesh remains genuine and hallmarked. In collections such as the Prism line, gemstones and design architecture do most of the talking, while gold becomes the elegant framework rather than the bulk of the piece. In their collections the gemstones carry much of the visual richness. Instead of purchasing a heavy block of gold, the client invests in design, craftsmanship and beauty. So, when gold prices rise globally our jewellery doesn’t escalate at the same pace because gold is not the sole component defining the piece Ayesh pointed out
We create jewellery meant to live with the heavier, not just sit in a vault. At its heart, Tiesh remains more than a jewellery house; it is a family legacy shared by vision, trust and affinity with craftsmanship. And within every shimmering facet of Prism lies that story: a family craft containing to shine, generation after generation.
The Prism collection is now available at the Tiesh showrooms R A de Mel Mawatha Colombo 3.
Life style
Shabana Azmi in conversation with Ashok Ferrey
Cinema, courage and conversation:
Renowned Indian actress Shabana Azmi brought candour, conviction and a lifetime of cinematic wisdom to the stage recently, in conversation with Sri Lankan author Ashok Ferrey at the HSBC Ceylon Literary and Arts Festival recently at Cinnamon Lakeside Colombo.
In a wide-ranging discussion that traversed five decades of cinema, feminism, censorship and cross-border politics, Azmi reflected on a career spanning over 140 films — dismissing the debate over whether the figure stands at 140 or 160 with characteristic wit. “One hundred and forty is good enough,” she quipped, setting the tone for an evening that blended humour with hard truths.
Ferrey opened the conversation with Ankur, the 1974 classic directed by Shyam Benegal, which marked Azmi’s debut and helped pioneer India’s parallel cinema movement. Azmi credited her formative years at the Film and Television Institute of India for shaping her craft, emphasising that acting is both talent and technique.
“Training polishes the diamond,” she said, rejecting the notion that acting can be mastered in a matter of months. Exposure to international cinema — from Japanese to French and Swedish films — deeply influenced her aesthetic choices, she noted, adding that her upbringing in a household steeped in theatre and poetry further shaped her artistic sensibilities.
Azmi spoke passionately about the delicate balance between emotion and technical precision required of an actor.
“You are in the moment, but you are also watching yourself,” she observed, describing the psychological demands of the profession. “Civilised behaviour expects you to control emotion. Acting demands the opposite.”
The discussion moved to Arth (1982), directed by Mahesh Bhatt, a landmark film in which Azmi portrayed a woman who refuses to reconcile with an unfaithful husband. The decision to let her character walk away — radical at the time — drew scepticism from distributors who doubted Indian audiences would accept such defiance.
“They said it wouldn’t run a single day,” Azmi recalled. Instead, it became both critically acclaimed and commercially successful, resonating deeply with women across India. She described how women began approaching her not as a star but in solidarity, seeking guidance.
“That’s when I realised I have a voice,” she said, marking the beginning of her active involvement in the women’s movement.
Azmi was unequivocal in her stance on patriarchy, describing it as deeply entrenched in South Asian society. While acknowledging that conversations have begun, she warned that social conditioning — including women’s acceptance of domestic violence — remains troubling.
The conversation turned to Fire (1996), directed by Deepa Mehta, a film that sparked controversy for its portrayal of a same-sex relationship between two sisters-in-law. Azmi admitted she took time to consider the role, anticipating backlash.
Encouraged by her husband, lyricist and writer Javed Akhtar, Azmi chose to proceed. The film was initially screened without incident before political groups vandalised theatres in protest. Yet she remains proud of her decision.
“If you can feel empathy for these two women, you can extend that empathy to others — another nation, race, religion or sexuality,” she said, underscoring her belief that art creates a climate of sensitivity where change becomes possible.
On ageing in cinema, Azmi expressed optimism. Unlike earlier decades when actresses were relegated to peripheral roles after 30, today’s industry offers space for senior actors.
She credited contemporaries such as Amitabh Bachchan — whose sustained presence in leading character roles has reshaped industry norms — for broadening opportunities.
The session concluded with reflections on cross-border tensions, prompted by a question about an India–Pakistan cricket match taking place concurrently.
Azmi offered a nuanced perspective, suggesting that while cricket fuels adrenaline, cultural collaborations — particularly film co-productions — could serve as stronger bridges between nations.
“People don’t have a problem with each other. Politics does,” she remarked, advocating for artistic exchange as a means of fostering understanding.
Throughout the evening, Azmi’s words echoed her lifelong belief: that cinema is not merely entertainment but a powerful vehicle for social transformation.
By Ifham Nizam
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