Connect with us

Life style

Understanding Alzheimer’s

Published

on

Elders whose brains are stimulated are at a lower risk of developing the disease

World Alzheimer’s Day is marked on September 21 globally to raise awareness about Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. This year’s theme is ‘Know Dementia, Know Alzheimer’s’.Speaking to the Sunday Island, Dr . Kapila Ranasinghe, Senior Consultant Psychiatrist (with special interest in old-age psychiatry) at the National Institute of Mental Health remarks that Sri Lanka’s inherent social and cultural traits are a strength in addressing Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike in the west where many senior citizens with Alzheimer’s are institutionalized, our culture of caring and looking after the elderly is an advantage in managing the disease better.

BY RANDIMA ATTYGALLE

Be it an elderly parent, a grandparent or any other elderly loved one in your family forgetting important dates or events or repeatedly asking the same question may sound familiar. Some may even be confused with time and places. Very often you may attribute this behaviour to ‘normal ageing’ or old age. But you may be seriously mistaken…These behavioural traits could be early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.

In 1901 that German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer’s disease, in a 50-year-old woman he called Auguste D. He described as a ‘peculiar disease’ one of profound memory loss and microscopic brain changes.

Commonest form of dementia

Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia. Although laymen often consider Alzheimer’s and dementia to be synonymous, it is not so. Dementia is a term for several diseases that affect memory, thinking and the ability to perform daily activities. It results from a variety of diseases and injuries that affect the brain. “Although Alzheimer’s disease is indeed one of the most common forms of dementia, it’s important to note that not all dementia is Alzheimer’s,” explains Dr. Kapila Ranasinghe, Senior Consultant Psychiatrist (with special interest in old-age psychiatry) at the National Institute of Mental Health.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Alzheimer’s disease may contribute 60-70% of cases of dementia. The other common dementias are:

Vascular Dementia: Often caused by strokes or brain blood vessel diseases, leading to impaired judgment or difficulty in planning and organizing.

Lewy Body Dementia: Characterized by visual hallucinations, sleep disturbances and fluctuating cognitive abilities.

Frontotemporal Dementia: Affects personality, behaviour and language, often leading to socially inappropriate behavior or language difficulties.

Early signs

The presentation of Alzheimer’s is generally late here at home, observes Dr. Ranasinghe. This is largely due to lack of awareness and the common misconceptions related to the early signs signaling the condition, he says. “Very often it is only when an elderly parent or a loved one is causing some kind of disturbance at home with his/her behaviour such as wandering in the night, developing crying or anger swells that children or caregivers seek medical help. Otherwise, early signs of Alzheimer’s such as memory loss, misplacing their possessions etc. is often put down to ‘old age’ and inactivity after retirement.”

Reiterating that Alzheimer’s is not a normal characteristic of aging, the psychiatrist cites some key early signs to watch for and seek medical advice and support. They are:

Memory Loss: Forgetting recently learned information, important dates, or events. Repeatedly asking the same questions.

Difficulty in planning or solving problems: For example, struggling to follow a plan, work with numbers, or keep track of monthly bills.

Challenges completing familiar tasks: Trouble with daily tasks like driving to a familiar location, managing a budget, or remembering the rules of a favourite game.

Confusion with time or place: Losing track of dates and the passage of time. Sometimes forgetting where they are or how they got there.

Trouble in understanding visual images and spatial relationships: Difficulty in reading, judging distance and determining colour or contrast, which can affect driving.

New problems with words in speaking or writing: Trouble following or joining a conversation, stopping in the middle of a conversation, or repeating themselves.

Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps: Putting things in unusual places and being unable to retrace steps to find them.

Decreased or poor judgment: Poor decision-making

Withdrawal from work or social activities: Avoiding social activities, work projects, or hobbies they once enjoyed.

Changes in mood and personality: Becoming confused, suspicious, depressed, fearful, or anxious.

Dr Kapila Ranasinghe

Risk factors

Alzheimer’s disease is influenced by a combination of genetic, medical and lifestyle factors. “The major risk factor is age and the majority of people with the disease are over 65 although a minority could experience it before 65,” explains Dr. Ranasinghe. The genetic risk factors include family history of having a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with Alzheimer’s, genetic variants (the presence of the APOE-e4 gene is associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s) and early-onset of the condition (rare genetic mutations can cause early onset of Alzheimer’s, typically before 65 years).

Certain medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol levels and having a history of traumatic brain injury can also increase the risk of Alzheimer’s in a person. Lifestyle risk factors would include poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. “Many senior citizens whose brains are constantly stimulated either by reading, writing or other mental-stimulants such as regular social-interaction have a very low risk of Alzheimer’s as their cognitive engagement is high,” points out the psychiatrist who goes onto note that lower levels of formal education and less engagement in mentally stimulating activities are linked to a higher risk of developing the disease.

Multiple burdens of the disease

Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years, according to the WHO data will nearly double from 12 % to 22%. In 2050 WHO predicts 80% of older people to be living in low and middle-income countries. “Sri Lanka already has a significant aging population and the double burden of Alzheimer’s disease, especially in the context of aging, is a significant concern. This burden can be individual as well as societal,” remarks Dr. Ranasinghe. Individual burdens would include health decline, emotional and physical impact and financial strains. “Alzheimer’s leads to progressive cognitive and physical decline, affecting the individual’s ability to perform daily activities and maintain independence. It could cause cause anxiety, depression and frustration for both the patient and their family members and care-givers. The cost of medical care, long-term care, and support services can be substantial, often leading to financial stress for families..”

The societal burden of Alzheimer’s too cannot be undermined. “The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s among the ageing population puts a significant strain on healthcare systems, requiring more resources to be mobilized for diagnosis, treatment, and care. The economic burden includes direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of caregivers who may need to reduce work hours or leave their jobs to provide care. The condition also demands social services including support groups, respite care and community interventions to assist both individuals with Alzheimer’s and their care givers,” points out Dr. Ranasinghe who urges family members to seek early medical intervention for their loved ones suspected to be having the disease.

Seeking early care

Having an open discussion with parents and other elders suspected of early signs of the condition and seeking professional help is the key to managing the condition, maintains the psychiatrist. “Many children tend to hide the real situation from their parents and other elderly family members and this does more harm than good because the symptoms of Alzheimer’s worsen over time unless managed properly.”

Although Alzheimer’s cannot be cured, the progression of it could be slowed down with right interventions. “Today our state sector is also well equipped to address the disease both in terms of health care providers and other interventions. There are many non-pharmacological interventions such as memory assessments, cognitive function assessments etc. which will help in functional improvements of the person with Alzheimer’s. The good news is, not only can these interventions improve the quality of life of the person concerned but they are also relatively less expensive than other investigations and treatment modalities. Drugs for the disease are recommended only in severe and advanced stages,” Dr. Ranasinghe notes.

Alzheimer’s disease requires a holistic management or an inter-disciplinary approach to it. “When managing Alzheimer’s’ all aspects of a person’s life should be addressed; his/her physical and mental health, relationships and social life – all of this should be taken stock of. For example, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, excessive cholesterol and high blood pressure should be kept at bay for optimum results,” says Dr. Ranasinghe who also warns against ‘over protection’ of parents and other elders. “We see some elders being over restricted with their social interactions and other physical activities which would be detrimental. Social interaction is vital to slow down the progress of the disease.”

When managing Alzheimer’s, caregivers too need to be looked after as it could be overwhelming to care for a loved one with the disease. “It could be very stressful for caregivers to look after a loved one with the disease and they too need support of other family members and friends and getting the support of health care providers is also critical to avoid burnout,” remarks the consultant.

Sri Lanka’s inherent social and cultural traits are a strength in addressing Alzheimer’s. “Unlike in the west where many elders with the disease are institutionalized, our elders with dementia and Alzheimer’s still enjoy better lives within their family units. The psychological support our system enables with the love and support of the immediate family cannot be undermined at any cost,” concludes Dr. Ranasinghe.



Continue Reading
Advertisement
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Life style

The letter that revealed the man behind the legend

Published

on

As the world celebrates the 100th birthday of Sir David Attenborough, tributes continue to pour in from scientists, conservationists, filmmakers, and millions of admirers whose lives were shaped by the legendary natural historian’s work.

But among the many messages shared this week, one deeply personal reflection from renowned Sri Lankan-born scientist Dr. Ruchira Somaweera has captured the true essence of the man behind the iconic voice.

“We all have people we look up to and hope to be like one day,” Dr. Somaweera wrote in a moving tribute marking Attenborough’s centenary. “For me, one of those people has always been Sir David Attenborough.”

The story dates back to 2013, when a BBC⁠ documentary crew visited to explore Dr. Somaweera’s pioneering work on freshwater crocodiles for a potential wildlife series. Although his research ultimately did not make it into the final production, the encounter led to something far more meaningful.

Through members of the crew, Dr. Somaweera sent Attenborough a card expressing gratitude for the profound influence he had on three generations of his family.

“What I never expected,” he recalled, “was to receive a handwritten letter from him just two weeks later, thanking me for the kind words.”

For Dr. Somaweera, the gesture revealed something extraordinary about Attenborough — not merely the global icon known to billions, but a deeply gracious and humble human being who still took time to personally respond to admirers, despite decades of worldwide fame.

“It said so much about the man behind the legend,” he reflected.

That quiet act of kindness perhaps explains why Attenborough’s influence extends far beyond television screens. Across nearly eight decades, he has become not only the world’s most recognisable natural history broadcaster, but also one of the most trusted voices in science communication and conservation advocacy.

From Life on Earth to Planet Earth, Blue Planet and countless other landmark productions, Attenborough transformed the way humanity sees the natural world.

He brought remote rainforests, coral reefs, deserts, mountains, and deep oceans into living rooms around the globe, inspiring generations to care about ecosystems they might never physically encounter.

Few communicators have bridged science and emotion with such extraordinary power.

For Sri Lankan scientists and conservationists, Attenborough’s impact has been especially profound. Many grew up watching his documentaries, developing an early fascination with wildlife through his storytelling.

Dr. Somaweera’s own career reflects that inspiration. Widely respected for his work on crocodilians, reptiles, and conservation biology, he has become an internationally recognised scientist whose research has contributed significantly to understanding freshwater ecosystems and reptile conservation.

Yet even accomplished scientists, it seems, can remain awestruck by the people who first ignited their curiosity.

The timing of Dr. Somaweera’s tribute also resonates strongly, following recent screenings of Attenborough’s powerful documentary Ocean, including an exclusive showing hosted by Spa Ceylon⁠ at SCOPE Cinema.

In the film, Attenborough reflects on humanity’s relationship with the sea with a sense of urgency sharpened by a lifetime of observation.

“After living for nearly 100 years on this planet,” he says, “I now understand the most important place on Earth is not on land, but at sea.”

The documentary explores the astonishing biodiversity of oceans while warning against destructive practices, such as industrial bottom trawling, climate change, and marine habitat destruction. But even amid alarming realities, Attenborough continues to offer hope grounded in science and collective action.

That enduring optimism may be one reason why his influence spans generations.

“Happy 100th birthday to a true giant of science communication, storytelling and conservation advocacy,” Dr. Somaweera wrote in his tribute. “The impact you have had on the world, and on countless young minds, is immeasurable.”

Indeed, for millions around the world, Attenborough’s voice became synonymous with wonder itself.

He taught humanity that the planet is not merely scenery, but a living system of intricate relationships — forests breathing for oceans, coral reefs feeding fisheries, plankton generating oxygen, predators maintaining balance, and every species playing a role in the fragile architecture of life.

At 100, Sir David Attenborough remains more than a broadcaster.

He is a witness to a changing planet. A storyteller for the natural world. And for many scientists like Dr. Ruchira Somaweera, a lifelong inspiration whose greatest legacy may lie not only in the documentaries he created, but in the curiosity, compassion, and responsibility he awakened in others.

By Ifham Nizam

Continue Reading

Life style

Two hearts, one ocean

Published

on

At the press conference hosted by Manipal Hospitals at Kingsbury Hotel, where the historic Sri Lanka-India Ocean Water Swim was unveiled, spotlighting endurance and cross border unity

The first Lanka-India swim by a couple

Bengali couple,Vrushali Prasade and Danish Abdi, created history by undertaking the first ever Sri Lanka-India Ocean Water Swim, reflecting not only athlete excellence and endurance but also the deep rooted cultural and historical connection between India and Sri Lanka.

Sharing their thoughts, before the event, Vrushali Prasade and Danish Abdi expressed enthusiasm about their challenges. “We are excited to take this unique expedition and are proud to align it with a message of health and wellness. This expedition stands as a powerful symbol of unity.

The first ever Sri Lanka-India Ocean Water Swim, presented by Manipal Hospitals, is not just another event, it is a bold endurance crossing of geography, grit and shared history between Sri Lanka and India.

This message was unfolded at a press conference held at the Kingsbury Hotel, before the event, by the officials of the giant Manipal Hospitals. The spotlight, however, firmly rested on the two swimmers, a couple, who brought this vision to life.

Vrushali Prasade and her husband Danish Abdi, in their 30s from Bangalore are working in the IT industry. They learnt swimming only about four years ago, after first taking to waters during a holiday in the Maldives. The Island met them before their historic attempt.

Poised yet quietly determined, the swimmers embodied the spirit of the challenges ahead, At the press conference they spoke on true discipline, preparations and mental strength required to take on such a historic crossing.

Manipal Hospitals, India’s largest Pan Multi Speciality Hospital, are the main sponsors , symbolically connecting the two nations, India and Sri Lanka, through sport, healthcare and shared ambition.

The couple had previously swam the Indian Ocean as part of the rally but the recent Indian Ocean swim is their first solo couple effort and the longest. They were assisted by multiple boats, alongside paramedics and coast guards.

The Chief Operating Officer, Manipal Health Enterprise Karthik Rajagopal said this historic swim reflects not only athlete excellence and endurance, but also the deep rooted cultural and historical connection between the two countries, The swimmers Vrushali and Danish Abdi said, before the event: ” Swimming is for all ages whether you are a kid or a matured person, it is never too late to start for any age group. When asked about their challenges of undertaking such a historic feat, they said. “The Palk Strait is no gentle stretch of water, its currents are unpredictable, its tides restless . Unlike the the controlled calm of a swimming pool, the sea offers no guarantee, one moment they may bring a steady rhythm, the next, a surge that breaks it entirely. But we are excited to take on this unique expedition and proud to resonate the message of health and wellness to the world’

Fatigue, inevitably becomes a companion and also long hours in open water test not just muscle strength but mental resilience. Jellyfish often drift with currents making the calm swim into a painful endurance test.

“With limited visibility, we can suddenly brush against tentacles, turning a steady rhythm into a moment of sharp pain. In the vast unpredictability of the ocean, we have to chose whatever the sea offers.”

Vrushali Prasade and Danish Abdi: The young Bengali couple who conquered the ocean

They also said the route across the Palk Strait is deceptively complex. Though relatively shallow, those waters are known for shifting currents, strong tidal pulls and unpredictable winds. We cannot rely on a straight path, we move guided by pilots on escort boats who constantly adjust the direction based on the sea conditions. Then we have the unpredictability of the sea itself. Floating debris, sudden weather shifts and there is no wall to hold onto, no pause button only the rhythm of our stroke and breath. Vrushali and Danish expressed enthusiasm about these challenges . We are very excited to overcome all these challenges.’

‘Our decision, however, to take on the challenging stretch across the Palk strait is rooted in more than a personal achievement, said the couple. They spoke of the partnership aspect of the swim calling it both their biggest strength and unique challenge.

Behind the drama of the sea and the determination of the swimmers, lies a quieter crucial force,the medical backbone. As title sponsor, Manipal Hospitals was not merely lending its name to this event. They actively shaped the safety framework that make such a ambitious feat possible.

Manipal Hospitals is the largest Pan India Speciality Hospital network by bed capacity, boasting over 12,300. It is known for its expert medical expertise multi speciality care and commitment to patient centric care and also well connected to Sri Lanka’s medical and patient community especially for spine and oncology services.

Medical teams were stationed on escort boats equipped to respond instantly to issues ranging from hydration and hypothermia to jellyfish stings or muscle cramps. All in all the hospital’s participation underscores a broader message, promoting health, endurance sports and cross border collaboration.

In the end what the couple did places them in the same conversation as some of the world’s most daring open water swimmers, those who have conquered icy channels relentless tides and vast strong winds.

As the couple moved through the waters of the Palk Strait, their journey becomes a powerful metaphor for the relationship between Sri Lanka and India, two neighbours bound by history, culture and shared oceans. It is a quiet but powerful gesture of goodwill, reminding that while seas may separate lands, they can also bring them together.

By Zanita Careem

Continue Reading

Life style

Galle Face Hotel introduces “La Sérénité”

Published

on

Young invitees bringing new energy and elegance

Limited-Time Saturday Brunch at 1864 Limited Edition

The spirit of leisurely weekend dining came alive recently as La Sérénité Saturday Brunch unfolded in elegant style at 1864 Limited Edition at the iconic Galle Face Hotel.Set against the timeless charm of Colombo’s most historic seaside hotel. guests were treated to an indulgent culinary afternoon where sophistication, flavour and oceanfront glamour blended seamlessly.

The heritage charm of Galle Face Hotel, with its polished floors, high ceilings and whisper of history, created a backdrop that is both grand and intimate.Within this setting the brunch emerges not just as a culinary offering but as a carefully orchestrated experience. At the heart of this orchestration was the vision of the General Manager Suresh Abbas. A veteran in the hotel industry, under his leadership, the culinary team delivered a menu for selected invitees, a menu that balanced European finess with contemporary flair .

From gourmet seafood and international delicacies to locally inspired creations and decadent desserts, the spread offered a luxurious journey for discerning brunch lovers.

The GM’s influence is most visible in the intangible details, The curated menu, personalised service and elegant ambience all echoed the hotel’s dedication to offering memorable gastronic experience.The brunch remained international in character while still grounded in place.

La Sérénité, a thoughtfully conceived brunch experience, at 1864 Limited Edition, brings together a sense of calm, continuity, and culinary storytelling within one of the city’s most enduring landmarks.

Set against the pace of a restless world, La Sérénité is designed as a quiet counterpoint, an invitation to pause, to gather, and to ease into the weekend with intention. Since 1864, Galle Face Hotel has existed within this paradox, offering a sense of stillness and reassurance even as the world around it has continually evolved. This brunch extends that legacy, creating a space where time softens, conversation flows unhurriedly, and presence takes precedence.

At its core, La Sérénité is not only about the experience of slowing down, but also about the stories we return to through food. The menu is conceived as a subtle journey through culinary history, drawing from moments across continents and generations, where dishes have been shaped by instinct, refinement, and time.

There is a quiet familiarity in this approach. Classics are not reimagined for novelty, but carefully refined, preserving their essence while elevating their form. The experience moves between contrast and balance, simplicity and indulgence, tradition and gentle reinterpretation. In doing so, it offers something both recognised and rediscovered.

In this way, La Sérénité becomes more than a brunch. It is a curated timeline of taste, an experience that brings together memory, familiarity, and thoughtful refinement within a setting that invites calm.

Presented as a limited-time experience, La Sérénité commenced on 2nd May and takes place every Saturday at 1864 Limited Edition.

Continue Reading

Trending