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Understanding Alzheimer’s

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Elders whose brains are stimulated are at a lower risk of developing the disease

World Alzheimer’s Day is marked on September 21 globally to raise awareness about Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. This year’s theme is ‘Know Dementia, Know Alzheimer’s’.Speaking to the Sunday Island, Dr . Kapila Ranasinghe, Senior Consultant Psychiatrist (with special interest in old-age psychiatry) at the National Institute of Mental Health remarks that Sri Lanka’s inherent social and cultural traits are a strength in addressing Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike in the west where many senior citizens with Alzheimer’s are institutionalized, our culture of caring and looking after the elderly is an advantage in managing the disease better.

BY RANDIMA ATTYGALLE

Be it an elderly parent, a grandparent or any other elderly loved one in your family forgetting important dates or events or repeatedly asking the same question may sound familiar. Some may even be confused with time and places. Very often you may attribute this behaviour to ‘normal ageing’ or old age. But you may be seriously mistaken…These behavioural traits could be early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.

In 1901 that German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer’s disease, in a 50-year-old woman he called Auguste D. He described as a ‘peculiar disease’ one of profound memory loss and microscopic brain changes.

Commonest form of dementia

Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia. Although laymen often consider Alzheimer’s and dementia to be synonymous, it is not so. Dementia is a term for several diseases that affect memory, thinking and the ability to perform daily activities. It results from a variety of diseases and injuries that affect the brain. “Although Alzheimer’s disease is indeed one of the most common forms of dementia, it’s important to note that not all dementia is Alzheimer’s,” explains Dr. Kapila Ranasinghe, Senior Consultant Psychiatrist (with special interest in old-age psychiatry) at the National Institute of Mental Health.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Alzheimer’s disease may contribute 60-70% of cases of dementia. The other common dementias are:

Vascular Dementia: Often caused by strokes or brain blood vessel diseases, leading to impaired judgment or difficulty in planning and organizing.

Lewy Body Dementia: Characterized by visual hallucinations, sleep disturbances and fluctuating cognitive abilities.

Frontotemporal Dementia: Affects personality, behaviour and language, often leading to socially inappropriate behavior or language difficulties.

Early signs

The presentation of Alzheimer’s is generally late here at home, observes Dr. Ranasinghe. This is largely due to lack of awareness and the common misconceptions related to the early signs signaling the condition, he says. “Very often it is only when an elderly parent or a loved one is causing some kind of disturbance at home with his/her behaviour such as wandering in the night, developing crying or anger swells that children or caregivers seek medical help. Otherwise, early signs of Alzheimer’s such as memory loss, misplacing their possessions etc. is often put down to ‘old age’ and inactivity after retirement.”

Reiterating that Alzheimer’s is not a normal characteristic of aging, the psychiatrist cites some key early signs to watch for and seek medical advice and support. They are:

Memory Loss: Forgetting recently learned information, important dates, or events. Repeatedly asking the same questions.

Difficulty in planning or solving problems: For example, struggling to follow a plan, work with numbers, or keep track of monthly bills.

Challenges completing familiar tasks: Trouble with daily tasks like driving to a familiar location, managing a budget, or remembering the rules of a favourite game.

Confusion with time or place: Losing track of dates and the passage of time. Sometimes forgetting where they are or how they got there.

Trouble in understanding visual images and spatial relationships: Difficulty in reading, judging distance and determining colour or contrast, which can affect driving.

New problems with words in speaking or writing: Trouble following or joining a conversation, stopping in the middle of a conversation, or repeating themselves.

Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps: Putting things in unusual places and being unable to retrace steps to find them.

Decreased or poor judgment: Poor decision-making

Withdrawal from work or social activities: Avoiding social activities, work projects, or hobbies they once enjoyed.

Changes in mood and personality: Becoming confused, suspicious, depressed, fearful, or anxious.

Dr Kapila Ranasinghe

Risk factors

Alzheimer’s disease is influenced by a combination of genetic, medical and lifestyle factors. “The major risk factor is age and the majority of people with the disease are over 65 although a minority could experience it before 65,” explains Dr. Ranasinghe. The genetic risk factors include family history of having a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with Alzheimer’s, genetic variants (the presence of the APOE-e4 gene is associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s) and early-onset of the condition (rare genetic mutations can cause early onset of Alzheimer’s, typically before 65 years).

Certain medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol levels and having a history of traumatic brain injury can also increase the risk of Alzheimer’s in a person. Lifestyle risk factors would include poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. “Many senior citizens whose brains are constantly stimulated either by reading, writing or other mental-stimulants such as regular social-interaction have a very low risk of Alzheimer’s as their cognitive engagement is high,” points out the psychiatrist who goes onto note that lower levels of formal education and less engagement in mentally stimulating activities are linked to a higher risk of developing the disease.

Multiple burdens of the disease

Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world’s population over 60 years, according to the WHO data will nearly double from 12 % to 22%. In 2050 WHO predicts 80% of older people to be living in low and middle-income countries. “Sri Lanka already has a significant aging population and the double burden of Alzheimer’s disease, especially in the context of aging, is a significant concern. This burden can be individual as well as societal,” remarks Dr. Ranasinghe. Individual burdens would include health decline, emotional and physical impact and financial strains. “Alzheimer’s leads to progressive cognitive and physical decline, affecting the individual’s ability to perform daily activities and maintain independence. It could cause cause anxiety, depression and frustration for both the patient and their family members and care-givers. The cost of medical care, long-term care, and support services can be substantial, often leading to financial stress for families..”

The societal burden of Alzheimer’s too cannot be undermined. “The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s among the ageing population puts a significant strain on healthcare systems, requiring more resources to be mobilized for diagnosis, treatment, and care. The economic burden includes direct medical costs and indirect costs such as lost productivity of caregivers who may need to reduce work hours or leave their jobs to provide care. The condition also demands social services including support groups, respite care and community interventions to assist both individuals with Alzheimer’s and their care givers,” points out Dr. Ranasinghe who urges family members to seek early medical intervention for their loved ones suspected to be having the disease.

Seeking early care

Having an open discussion with parents and other elders suspected of early signs of the condition and seeking professional help is the key to managing the condition, maintains the psychiatrist. “Many children tend to hide the real situation from their parents and other elderly family members and this does more harm than good because the symptoms of Alzheimer’s worsen over time unless managed properly.”

Although Alzheimer’s cannot be cured, the progression of it could be slowed down with right interventions. “Today our state sector is also well equipped to address the disease both in terms of health care providers and other interventions. There are many non-pharmacological interventions such as memory assessments, cognitive function assessments etc. which will help in functional improvements of the person with Alzheimer’s. The good news is, not only can these interventions improve the quality of life of the person concerned but they are also relatively less expensive than other investigations and treatment modalities. Drugs for the disease are recommended only in severe and advanced stages,” Dr. Ranasinghe notes.

Alzheimer’s disease requires a holistic management or an inter-disciplinary approach to it. “When managing Alzheimer’s’ all aspects of a person’s life should be addressed; his/her physical and mental health, relationships and social life – all of this should be taken stock of. For example, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, excessive cholesterol and high blood pressure should be kept at bay for optimum results,” says Dr. Ranasinghe who also warns against ‘over protection’ of parents and other elders. “We see some elders being over restricted with their social interactions and other physical activities which would be detrimental. Social interaction is vital to slow down the progress of the disease.”

When managing Alzheimer’s, caregivers too need to be looked after as it could be overwhelming to care for a loved one with the disease. “It could be very stressful for caregivers to look after a loved one with the disease and they too need support of other family members and friends and getting the support of health care providers is also critical to avoid burnout,” remarks the consultant.

Sri Lanka’s inherent social and cultural traits are a strength in addressing Alzheimer’s. “Unlike in the west where many elders with the disease are institutionalized, our elders with dementia and Alzheimer’s still enjoy better lives within their family units. The psychological support our system enables with the love and support of the immediate family cannot be undermined at any cost,” concludes Dr. Ranasinghe.



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Charting a new course  for Sri Lankan tourism

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Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe on sustainability, growth and the future of tourism

Tourism remains one of the most powerful drivers of economic growth and cultural exchange in Sri Lanka.

As the tourist industry continues its post pandemic recovery and looks toward a more sustainable and innovative future, the role of strategic planning and policy direction has been more important. In this interview Professor Ruwan Ranasinghe, Deputy Minister of Tourism,, and a respected academic in this field shares his insight on the current state of the Sri Lankan tourism industry, emerging trends, challenges facing the sector and the governments vision for positioning Sri Lanka as a leading global destination.

With a vision focused on sustainability, innovation, and destination competitiveness, he is playing a pivottal role in shaping the future of Sri Lanka’s tourism industry. He shares his insights on the opportunities, challeges,and strategic direction of tourism in the years ahead. A first class graduate of Rajarata University and holds an MBA and a doctorate from Sichuan University, China. He launched Sri Lanka’s first Tourism and Hospitality Management degree at Uva Wellassa , endorsed by the UNWTO.

Excerpts of the interview.

(Q) Are you seeing a decline in visitors in Sri Lanka due to geo-political tensions?What segments of the tourism industry are most affected: luxury, leisure or group travel?

(A) Sri Lanka has not experienced a dramatic decline in arrivals, overall, but global geopolitical tensions do influence travel sentiment. The most affected segments are group travel and leisure tourism, as these travellers are more sensitive to perceptions of safety. Luxury tourism remains comparatively resilient, with high-end visitors continuing to seek curated, exclusive experiences.

(Q) Is Sri Lanka experiencing cancellations or postponements from travellers in conflicted zones? Are hotels and resorts reporting reduced occupancy linked to uncertainty in the region?

(A) Yes, there have been cancellations and postponements from travellers originating in conflict affected regions, particularly the Middle East. Some hotels and resorts have reported reduced occupancy during peak uncertainty periods. However, arrivals from other regions remain strong, balancing the overall impact.

(Q) What measures is the Sri Lankan tourism sector taking to mitigate the impact of local stability?

(A) The Ministry has adopted a proactive approach:

Transparent communication through embassies, airlines, and official tourism portals.

Safety protocols coordinated with law enforcement and emergency services.

Marketing resilience campaigns highlighting Sri Lanka’s stability and diverse attractions.

Stakeholder engagement with hoteliers, tour operators, and airlines to align strategies.

(Q) Do you expect a short-term disruption or long-term impact on Sri Lanka’s tourism growth?

Are you seeing early warning signs such as cancellations, reduced flight bookings or shorter stays?

(A) We anticipate short-term disruptions rather than long term setbacks. Early warning signs such as reduced flight bookings and shorter stays are being monitored. However, Sri Lanka’s fundamentals — diverse attractions, strong hospitality, and cultural authenticity — remain intact, ensuring recovery once tensions ease.

(Q) Boutique luxury tourism is often seen as niche – how central is it to Sri Lanka’s overall tourism strategy right now?

(A) Boutique luxury is central to our tourism strategy. It attracts high value travellers who contribute significantly to foreign exchange earnings while demanding sustainable, authentic experiences. This segment also diversifies our tourism portfolio beyond mass tourism, making the industry more resilient.

(Q) How is the government defining boutique luxury in Sri Lankan context?

(A) Boutique luxury in Sri Lanka is defined by personalised, small scale experiences rooted in cultural and natural heritage. It emphasises exclusivity, authenticity, and sustainability rather than sheer opulence, offering intimate stays in properties that reflect local architecture and traditions.

(Q) What makes Sri Lanka uniquely competitive in boutique luxury compared to destinations like the Maldives, Thailand and Bali?

(A) Sri Lanka’s strength lies in its diversity. Unlike the Maldives, which is primarily a beach destination, or Bali and Thailand, which focus heavily on wellness and nightlife, Sri Lanka offers a multifaceted experience: pristine beaches, UNESCO heritage sites, wildlife safaris, tea plantations, and Ayurveda wellness — all within short travel distances. This variety, combined with boutique hospitality, makes us uniquely competitive.

(Q) How do you balance encouraging foreign investment while preserving Sri Lanka’s cultural authenticity?

(A) We welcome foreign investment but ensure it aligns with our cultural identity. Guidelines require investors to integrate local design, employ Sri Lankan staff, and source materials locally. This ensures development enhances our heritage rather than dilutes it, creating partnerships that benefit both investors and communities.

(Q) Boutique luxury often interacts with sustainability – how is the Ministry ensuring that growth in this segment benefits local communities?

(A) The Ministry ensures boutique luxury growth benefits communities by:

Promoting local sourcing of food, crafts, and services.

Supporting eco friendly construction and operations in boutique resorts.

Encouraging community-based tourism initiatives where locals directly participate in guiding, hosting, and cultural performances.

(Q) How do you retain skilled hospitality professionals within Sri Lanka?

(A) Retention is achieved through:

Competitive compensation aligned with international standards.

Continuous training programmes in partnership with global hospitality schools.

Career pathways that allow professionals to grow within Sri Lanka.

Recognition programmes to celebrate excellence in service.

(Q) Where do you see Sri Lanka’s boutique luxury tourism sector in the next five years?

(A)In the next five years, Sri Lanka aims to be recognised as a regional leader in boutique luxury tourism. We envision a network of boutique properties integrated into cultural and ecological landscapes, offering world class service while maintaining authenticity. This sector will be a key driver of sustainable growth and foreign exchange earnings.

(Q) What markets are you targeting for boutique luxury tours?

(A) We are targeting highspending travellers from Europe, North America, and East Asia. These markets value exclusivity, sustainability, and authenticity — qualities that Sri Lanka’s boutique luxury sector embodies. We are also exploring niche markets such as wellness travellers and cultural enthusiasts.

(Q) How has the ongoing conflict between Iran and Israel affected overall tourism arrivals in Sri Lanka?

(A) The ongoing conflict has created uncertainty in global travel, particularly in the Middle East. While Sri Lanka has not experienced a dramatic decline, arrivals from conflict adjacent regions have slowed. To mitigate this, we are diversifying source markets, strengthening promotions in Europe and Asia, and reassuring travellers through diplomatic channels and tourism partners.

By Zanita Careem ✍️

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Serenity Tissa; Gateway to southern Sri Lanka’s timeless heritage

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Elegant architecture and traquil setting offers guests a peaceful escape

As Sri Lanka’s southern tourism corridor continues to attract travellers from across the globe, Serenity Tissa stands out as a destination where comfort, culture and nature come together in perfect harmony, offering guests an unforgettable journey into the soul of the island, southern heritage.

While many visitors journey through the Cultural Triangle in search of the Island’s ancient treasures, Tissamaharama itself stands as a destination rich in history, culture and natural beauty.

Set amidst this historic landscape of Tissamaharama, Serenity Tissa offers a unique retreat in the cradle of Southern Civilisation .

Nestled in the historic heartland of Tissamaharama Serenity Tissa offers far more than a comfortable stay, it delivers an experience deeply rooted in Sri Lanka’s Southern charm, cultured heritage and natural beauty.

Surrounded by the tranquil atmosphere of Tissa Wewa and located within easy reach of the famed Yala National Park, the boutique-style property has steadily earned a reputation among both local and international travellers seeking serenity, comfort and authentic Southern hospitality. Build on the grounds of an ancestral home, once owned by Patric De Silva, Serenity Tissa gracefully blends the warmth of a family residence with the conversion to a modern boutique-style hotel. Fortress inspired architecture, lush mango tress and peaceful open space create a welcoming retreat for travellers eager to explore the cultural and wildlife treasures of Sri Lanka’s deep South.

The hotel’s strategic location places guest close to some of the regions most treasured landmarks, including Yala and Bundala National Park, Tissamaharama Raja Maha Vihara, Kirinda Temple, Yatala Vihara and Sandagari Stupa, to mention a few.

For adventure seeking, safari excursions this place remains a major attraction, while those seeking relaxation they can simply unwind besides the hotel’s swimming pool or enjoy the calm beauty of the surrounding landscape. Serenity Tissa rooms are designed with simplicity and comfort in mind, offering a range of accommodation options suitable for couples, families and groups.

Managing Director Ajith de Silva dedication and commitment

Spacious interiors and warm hospitality have consistently drawn praises from guests from around the world. Dining at the hotel is another memorable highlight. The open air restaurant celebrates the bold and aesthetic flavours of Southern Sri Lankan cuisines with dishes inspired by coastal traditions and local village, kitchens. Fresh sea food delicacies, rich curries and fragrant spices combine to create a culinary experiences that reflects the region’s vibrant food culture. The executive chef Rushira, who has years of experience, said ‘At Serenity Tissa Southern hospitality with refined experience, inspired by Sri Lankan rich cultural and culinary heritage is bought to life in all our dishes. Ambul Thiyal. mouthwatering pol sambol, sea food kottu, all reflecting bold flavours of the south. The use of coconut milk, aromatic spices, creates a memorable culinary journey that introduce visitors to the local tastes.

His passion for authentic Southern Sri Lankan cuisine shines though every dish, offering guests an unforgettable experience. Under the leadership of the Managing Director Ajith de Silva, he has played a pivotal role in tranforning a family inspired hospitality, into one of Tissamaharama’s most welcoming boutique destinations.

Guided by his vision Serenity Tissa has emerged as a distinctive hospitality destination in Sri Lanka’s southern vision, offering the warm and personalised hospitality for which Serenity Tissa is renowned for. Frequently praised by guests, numerous reviews full attention, memorable guests experiences makes it a preferred choice for travellers exploring the historic attractions of the region

What is so special about Serenity Tissa is the personalised hospitality, numerous traveller reviews, dedication of the staff, a blend of warm Sri Lankan hospitality personalised services and authentic local experiences.

Ajith de Silva’s vision has helped position the property as a preferred base for travellers exploring the cultural and natural wonders of Tissamaharama Hotel The Manager Thushara Samarasuriya whose dedication and attention in detail have also contributed significantly to the hotel’s reputation for excellence.

Serenity Tissa offers a gateway to the history, culture and natural wonders of Southern Sri Lanka Under the guidance of its dedicated team, Serenity Tissa continues to create lasting memories for guests from around the world.

By Zanita Careem ✍️

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Sabina Yousaf shines as the face of Tiesh

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Sabina Yousaf, the newest face of Tiesh

Tiesh Sri Lanka, renowned for its exceptional craftsmanship, timeless elegance, and celebration of Sri Lankan gemstones, has appointed Sabina Yousaf as the newest face of the brand. The partnership marks a significant milestone for both Tiesh and Sabina, uniting two names that embody grace, sophistication, and a deep appreciation for heritage and craftsmanship.

Sabina Yousaf recently brought pride to Sri Lanka on the global stage when she was crowned Second Runner-Up at the 41st Mrs World pageant. As the reigning Mrs World Sri Lanka, she has captivated audiences locally and internationally with her poise, intelligence, and charisma, becoming an inspiring figure admired by many across the country.

A successful businesswoman and passionate advocate for community empowerment, Sabina’s values closely align with the philosophy of Tiesh. Her commitment to giving back to society reflects the principles long championed by Founder and Managing Director of Tiesh, Lasantha De Fonseka, who has consistently emphasised compassion, generosity, and supporting communities, values that have also been instilled in the next generation of the brand, Thiyasha and Ayesh De Fonseka.

Sabina with the Directors of Tiesh (From Left): Thiyasha, Lasantha, Bryony, and Ayesh De Fonseka

Thiyasha and Ayesh – passionate about thier business

With a legacy spanning over two decades, Tiesh Sri Lanka has established itself as one of the country’s leading jewellery brands, celebrated for blending contemporary elegance with the natural beauty of Sri Lankan gemstones. Beyond jewellery, the brand has become a destination that educates and inspires, offering customers an appreciation of fine craftsmanship, artistry, and heritage.

Renowned for its dedication to excellence, Tiesh continues to uphold its legacy of creating jewellery that epitomises luxury, sophistication, and meticulous attention to detail. Every creation is thoughtfully designed and expertly crafted by skilled local artisans using the finest precious stones, reflecting the brand’s unwavering commitment to quality and authenticity.

Commenting on the collaboration, Founder and Managing Director of Tiesh, Lasantha De Fonseka stated, “Sabina embodies everything that Tiesh stands for: elegance, confidence, authenticity, and grace. Her inspiring journey, both nationally and internationally, resonates strongly with our values as a brand. We are delighted to welcome her into the Tiesh family as she represents the spirit of the modern Sri Lankan woman with remarkable strength and sophistication.”

Tiesh Director, Ayesh De Fonseka added, “We are incredibly excited to have Sabina as the face of Tiesh. She is admired both locally and internationally, and her presence brings a fresh sense of modern femininity and confidence to the brand. This partnership reflects our vision of positioning Tiesh on a greater global platform while remaining deeply rooted in Sri Lankan heritage and craftsmanship.”

Speaking on the partnership, Sabina Yousaf expressed her admiration for the brand and the significance of becoming its newest ambassador.

“For me, Tiesh is far more than a jewellery brand. It represents history, artistry, and an enduring passion for craftsmanship. What makes Tiesh truly exceptional is its deep connection to the heritage of Sri Lankan gemstones and the incredible artistry behind every creation. Each piece reflects elegance, individuality, and timeless beauty,” she said.

“This collaboration feels incredibly meaningful because the brand aligns so naturally with my own personal style, values, and appreciation for authenticity. I am genuinely grateful for the opportunity to work with a brand that I deeply admire and respect.”

She further added, “Jewellery, to me, is a powerful form of self-expression. It reflects individuality, personality, and confidence. The pieces we choose often tell a story about who we are, and I believe jewellery has the ability not only to elevate one’s style, but also to inspire confidence and presence.”

The collaboration between Tiesh and Sabina Yousaf symbolises a shared vision of elegance, empowerment, and timeless beauty. As the brand continues to evolve while honouring its rich legacy, this partnership further strengthens Tiesh’s position as a leading name in contemporary luxury jewellery. (ZC)

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