Business
New IPS publication, ‘Palm Oil Industry in Sri Lanka: An Economic Analysis’
Q&A Explainer with Author
Featuring:Dr Erandathie Pathiraja
Research Fellow – Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka
- The palm oil industry in Sri Lanka saves USD 17 million annually in foreign exchange and contributes to the economy through employment and capital investments.
- Oil palm cultivation was allowed initially to reduce reliance on imported palm oil, but concerns over environmental and health impacts led to a decision to phase out cultivation within ten years.
- Environmental concerns associated with oil palm cultivation involve deforestation and water degradation and health risks from edible oil consumption include concerns on cardiovascular diseases.
- While the evidence remains inconclusive, there is clearly a need for robust and unbiased technical analysis on this hotly disputed issue.
Dr Erandathie Pathiraja, Research Fellow at the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS), provides valuable insights into the recently published IPS study, ‘Palm Oil Industry in Sri Lanka: An Economic Analysis’. The study authored by Dr. Erandathie Pathiraja, Ruwan Samaraweera, Hiruni Fernando, and Jaan Bogodage, offers a comprehensive analysis of the economic and environmental impacts of the palm oil industry in Sri Lanka.
In the following Q&A session, Dr Pathiraja shares her perspectives on the reasons behind the ban on oil palm cultivation, the potential impact on the economy and environment, the industry’s economic contributions, environmental concerns and their mitigation, health issues related to edible oil consumption, and alternative solutions to meet the local edible oil demand.
Q: In light of the recent ban on oil palm cultivation in Sri Lanka, there has been much debate surrounding the decision. Could you share your insights on the reasons behind the ban and its potential impact on the economy and environment?
The palm oil industry in Sri Lanka has been an import substitution policy initiative aimed at reducing palm oil imports and boosting the economy. The 2021 ban on oil palm cultivation in Sri Lanka was primarily driven by concerns over its long-term environmental impact, owing to “soil erosion, drying of springs thus, affecting biodiversity and life of the community”. The policy further directs systematically removing the existing plantations and nurseries at an annual rate of 10% and replacing these with rubber or any other cultivation favourable for water resources.
The ban aims to shift the country towards more sustainable agricultural practices and protect Sri Lanka’s natural resources. In addition, by diversifying agricultural production, Sri Lanka aims to reduce its dependence on palm oil imports and strengthen domestic industries.
The ban on oil palm cultivation has generated mixed opinions and sparked debates. Some argue it could negatively affect the economy, as palm oil contributes to Sri Lanka’s edible oil requirements. The ban may increase reliance on imports, potentially impacting the country’s trade balance and food security. Furthermore, the ban has raised concerns among the Regional Plantation Companies (PRCs), who have already invested in cultivation and processing. Against such a backdrop, our study aims to revisit the reasons for the ban on oil palm cultivation and arguments against the ban focusing on economic, environmental, health and social factors.
Q: The study reveals that the palm oil industry in Sri Lanka contributes significantly to the economy. Could you shed some light on the economic aspects highlighted in the study and the potential benefits to the country?
Certainly, the study demonstrates that the palm oil industry in Sri Lanka currently saves approximately USD 17 million annually in foreign exchange outflows and meets around 6% of the domestic edible oil demand. Moreover, it generates employment for over 33,000 individuals and attracts a capital investment of LKR 23 billion. These numbers illustrate the industry’s positive economic impact, but we must also consider the long-term sustainability and environmental impacts.
Q: Environmental concerns surrounding oil palm cultivation have been a major point of contention. What are some of the specific environmental issues associated with the industry, and how can they be addressed?
Oil Palm cultivation has faced criticism globally due to its environmental impacts primarily linked to deforestation. Some of the specific criticisms include groundwater depletion, water quality degradation, regeneration, siltation, floods, landslides, and palm oil mill effluent handling. These issues directly affect the surrounding communities and ecosystems.
In Sri Lanka, RPCs were allowed to cultivate oil palms in marginal rubber lands. Therefore, deforestation is not relevant unless rubber is considered a forest tree. Environmental issues are common to any agricultural land use and are observed in oil palm cultivation. However, the degree of impact varies depending on factors such as high input consumption (due to high oil productivity), vertical and horizontal root systems, and management practices. Global literature on these studies remains inconclusive due to their context-specific nature and lobby group research. Therefore, conducting further investigations and closely monitoring these issues within the local context is crucial to make informed decisions.
Implementing sustainable management practices, periodic monitoring, and potentially financing the environmental costs through mechanisms like import Cess or domestic levy can mitigate the negative externalities. However, monitoring smallholder cultivations would be challenging in the absence of policy provisions. Balancing economic benefits with environmental sustainability is key to a responsible palm oil industry.
Q: The study also mentions health concerns related to edible oil consumption. Could you elaborate on these concerns and propose possible solutions to address them effectively?
The study highlights that local edible oil consumption in Sri Lanka poses serious health risks due to improper processing, storage, and potential adulteration with repeatedly used oils. Therefore, addressing these issues at the forefront is crucial to overcome these hazards. This can be achieved by enforcing proper quality checks during importation and local edible oil production, ensuring adherence to processing and storage regulations, and avoiding repeatedly used oils. Additionally, it is equally important to raise public awareness about these aspects. By prioritising these measures, we can mitigate the health hazards associated with edible oil consumption and ensure public safety.
Q: Given the ban on oil palm cultivation, what alternatives exist to meet the local edible oil demand in Sri Lanka?
Meeting the local edible oil demand in Sri Lanka is indeed a challenge without imports. Nearly 74% of the demand is met through imports. Local palm oil supplies 6% and the rest is through local coconut oil, which varies with annual coconut production. While coconut oil is often considered a substitute, the current coconut production capacity is inadequate and does not remain a perfect substitute for industrial needs owing to different properties and prices. Given the limited land availability for expanding commercial cultivations in Sri Lanka for coconut and oil palm, productivity improvements would support partially bridging the gap. This can be facilitated by lowering the import tariff on edible oils, easing the burden on consumers. Adopting modern and safe oil production technologies such as virgin coconut oil and promoting high value-added products such as lauric acid for the export market are crucial to mitigate the impact on the coconut oil industry. Considering the economic crisis and foreign exchange deficit, a comprehensive evaluation of feasible alternatives is necessary.
Erandathie Pathiraja is a Research Economist at the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS) with research interests in the analysis of industries and markets, competitiveness and SMEs. She holds a BSc in Agriculture from the University of Peradeniya, an MPhil in Agricultural Economics from the Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, and a PhD in Agricultural Economics from The University of Melbourne, Australia. (Talk with Erandathie – erandathie@ips.lk)
Business
Prudent policy adjustments could help manage a local growth rate drop – CBSL Governor
‘Sri Lanka recorded a growth of five percent or more but due to the Middle East crisis this growth rate could be expected to drop. However, this decline could be managed effectively through the adoption of prudent policy adjustments, Central Bank Governor Dr. Nandalal Weerasinghe said at the monthly CBSL monetary policy review meeting. The meet was held at the CBSL head office in Colombo yesterday.
The Governor said that the CBSL had decided to increase the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) by 100 basis points, bringing it to 8.75 percent.
Following this adjustment, the Standing Deposit Facility Rate (SDFR) and the Standing Lending Facility Rate (SLFR), which are linked to the OPR, have been increased to 8.25 percent and 9.25 percent, respectively. The decision comes after a careful evaluation of evolving domestic and global macroeconomic conditions, Dr Weerasinghe explained.
Dr. Weerasinghe added: ‘The tightening of the monetary policy stance is primarily driven by mounting inflationary pressures. Heightened geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have kept global commodity prices, especially petroleum, elevated.
‘This has led to sharp upward adjustments in domestic energy prices, pushing Sri Lanka’s year-on-year headline inflation to 5.4 percent in April 2026.
‘While the recent spike is largely supply-driven, strengthening domestic demand, evidenced by continued credit expansion, credit-driven imports and robust economic activity—has further accelerated short-term inflation expectations.
‘The external sector has also faced amplified headwinds in recent weeks. A widening merchandise trade deficit, driven by increased fuel import costs and a slowdown in tourism earnings, resulted in a modest external current account surplus for the first quarter of 2026.
‘Additionally, speculative activities led to notable depreciation pressures on the Sri Lankan rupee, though conditions have since stabilized. Despite these pressures and ongoing foreign debt servicing, Sri Lanka’s Gross Official Reserves stood at a resilient USD 6.8 billion by the end of April 2026, a figure that includes a swap facility from the People’s Bank of China.
‘Looking ahead, headline inflation is projected to remain above the Central Bank’s target of 5 percent in the near term before stabilizing.
‘To counter potential second-round effects on inflation from energy price hikes and unchecked private sector credit growth, the Board deemed a restrictive policy stance necessary to maintain long-term domestic price stability. Upcoming multilateral inflows and government stabilization measures are expected to support the external sector and we will continue to monitor incoming data ahead of the next scheduled monetary policy review on July 22, 2026.’
By Hiran H Senewiratne
Business
New Tilapia processing centre opens economic frontiers for Northern women
A new tilapia culture-based production and semi-processing centre launched in Iranamadu, Kilinochchi, is expected to boost climate-resilient aquaculture, strengthen rural livelihoods and create sustainable employment opportunities for women in Sri Lanka’s Northern Province.
The facility, launched by the International Labour Organization in partnership with Cargills (Ceylon) PLC and supported by the Government of Norway, is being hailed as a significant milestone in inclusive economic development and inland fisheries advancement.
Located in the Iranamadu freshwater fisheries hub, the centre has been established under the ILO’s Promoting Advancement of Vulnerable Persons and Enterprises (PAVE) Project, aimed at promoting climate-resilient livelihoods among vulnerable communities, particularly women and persons with disabilities.
Speaking at the launch, ILO Country Director for Sri Lanka and the Maldives, Joni Simpson, said the initiative demonstrated the power of partnerships in advancing social justice and decent employment.
“This processing centre represents what can be achieved when communities, government, development partners and the private sector work together. It contributes not only to strengthening aquaculture value chains but also to expanding access to decent and productive employment, especially for women and marginalized groups,” she said.
The centre is expected to generate new jobs in fish handling, processing and quality assurance while providing training in food safety standards, value addition and enterprise development. Officials said this would significantly increase women’s participation in the aquaculture value chain in the Northern Province.
Representing the Norwegian Government, Tormod Nuland said Norway’s continued support for livelihood projects in the North reflected its commitment to gender equality, inclusivity and climate resilience.
“Illustrating the success of long-standing cooperation with the ILO, the new tilapia processing unit is a key initiative that will help strengthen socio-economic conditions for communities in the Northern Province,” he said.
Cargills officials noted that the project marked the company’s first major venture into inland fisheries development after years of engagement with agricultural and dairy farming communities in the North.
Group Manager Agribusiness at Cargills, Haridas Fernando, said the company saw immense potential in developing the tilapia industry as an affordable and nutritious protein source for Sri Lankan consumers.
“We are pleased to partner with the ILO on this important initiative to support the inland fisheries sector while strengthening livelihoods for small-scale fishing communities,” he said.
The initiative also strengthens market access for the Iranamadu Freshwater Fishermen’s Cooperative Society by linking smallholder fisher communities with private sector markets and national retail networks.
Officials said the project would continue under the ILO’s Generating Resilient Opportunities for Work (GROW) programme, funded by the Governments of Australia and Norway, with the aim of expanding climate-resilient and market-oriented livelihood systems across the Northern Province.
The GROW project builds on more than a decade of interventions under the ILO’s Jobs for Peace and Resilience Programme and focuses on sustainable employment creation, private sector partnerships and social empowerment for vulnerable communities.
By Ifham Nizam
Business
Bourse indices dip as West Asian tensions continue to simmer
As West Asian tensions continued to simmer, the All Share Price Index moved down by 189.63 points, while the more liquid S&P SL20 went down by 36.97 points.
Turnover stood at Rs 4.93 billion with four crossings. Those crossings were: Softlogic Life Insurance 33.8 million shares crossed to the tune of Rs 3 billion at a per share value of Rs 92, HNB 316,889 shares crossed for Rs 125.2 million; its shares traded at Rs 395, HNB (Non-Voting) 318,199 shares crossed to the tune of Rs 105 million; its shares sold at Rs 330 and Lanka IOC 200,000 shares crossed for Rs 27.7 million; its shares traded at Rs 138.50.
In the retail market companies that mainly contributed to the turnover were; LOLC Holdings Rs 116.5 million (207 900 shares traded), Softlogic Life Insurance Rs 112.3 million (1.2 million shares traded), Commercial Bank 78.2 million (380,000 shares traded), Overseas Reality Rs 64 million (1.3 million shares traded), Sampath Bank Rs 48.9 million (340,000 shares traded), CIC Holdings (Non-Voting) Rs 46.5 million (1.7 million shares traded) and JKH Rs 46 million (2.3 million shares traded). During the day 94.3 million share volumes changed hands in 22097 transactions.
It is said that 75 percent of the turnover came from Softlogic Life Insurance which amounted to more than Rs 3 billion. Therefore, the Insurance sector led the market while the banking sector, especially Commercial Bank and HNB, performed well.
Main contributors to the ASPI were DFCC Bank (up 0.75 percent at Rs 135.00 ), Lanka Ashok Leyland (up 7.38 percent at Rs 3,050.00 ), and Tokyo Cement Company (Lanka) (up 2.00 percent at Rs 92.00 ).
Hayleys (down 1.78 percent at 234.00 rupees), Melstacorp (down 0.53 percent at Rs 186.25 ), Sunshine Holdings (down 3.49 percent at Rs 30.40), LB Finance (down 3.44 percent at Rs 161.25 ), and Dialog Axiata (down 1.25 percent at Rs 39.40 ) were top negative contributors.
Lanka Ashok Leyland announced a first and final proposed dividend of Rs 30 per share for the financial year ended March 31, 2026.
The Lighthouse Hotel has also declared a final dividend of Rs 3 per share for the financial year ended March 31, 2026, subject to shareholder approval at its Annual General Meeting on June 30, 2026.
Yesterday the rupee was quoted at Rs322.00/323.50 to the US dollar in the spot market , stronger from Rs 325.50/327.00 the previous day, dealers said, while bond yields were quoted higher following the rate hike.
The telegraphic transfer rate for Sri Lanka’s rupee against the US dollar was 321.50 buying, 330.50 selling.
By Hiran H Senewiratne
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