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Govt. decides to postpone potential Samanalawewa disaster !

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Samanalawewa dam was built in 1992 for both irrigation and power generation

By Dr Tilak Siyambalapitiya

Disasters cannot be postponed. Certainly, they cannot be prevented with 100% certainty. What governments do is to do their best to minimise the risk, based on expert advice. They err on the side of caution so that the population is satisfied that their government has done the utmost. But not in Sri Lanka!

On 24 Sept., the print media reported that Minister of Power and Energy Kanchana Wijesekera had decided to postpone repairs to the Samanalawewa leakage until 2025. No reason was given.

Samanalawewa has been in the news recently, for all the wrong reasons. In July, farmers were waiting for water to save their rice crop downstream of Samanalawewa. The power plant, which was required to produce electricity and let the water flow downstream along Walawe Ganga. Engineers were in a dilemma. They needed to operate Samanalawewa sparingly, only in the evening, 6 pm to 9 pm to keep the electricity supply to the south intact. Why was Samanalawewa so important to the south?

That’s a long story. In 1992, President Ranasinghe Premadasa cancelled the 500-megawatt Mawella (Matara) power plant because Professor Alawaththagoda Premadasa of Ruhunu University told him that the south would be a desert in 100 years if the power plant was built there. In 2013, the President cancelled the Hambantota 900-megawatt power plant saying “ane oya ithin madai”.

In 2002, the Prime Minister, after cancelling the Puttalam power plant, “ordered” the CEB to purchase two massive diesel generators, each 100 megawatt, one of which is at Embilipitiya. Faced with difficulties to serve electricity to the south, the government authorised CEB’s proposal to build a strong transmission line from Polpitiya (near Laxapana) to Hambantota. Building the line got held up in Deniyaya, with a family living in Colombo preventing it from crossing their ancestral tea estate in Deniyaya. They yielded five years later, “gifted the right of way”. Yet, we must remember: power lines do not produce electricity, as is obvious. They only transfer power. The problem of inadequate electricity production remains today, as acute as it was in the 1990s. That’s when politicians began playing ball games with power plants.

Record low water levels have allowed geologists to identify several leakage paths. This is one such “sinkhole”.

The other reason why Samanalawewa is in the news is the water leak. The public even does not remember that the embankment of the reservoir has been leaking for 30 years. Yes, 30 years!

The date was 22 October 1992. Water from Walawe ganga and Belihul Oya was released to the brand-new reservoir. Water level in reservoirs is stated in meters above sea level. The water level reached 439 metres, and there was a sudden burst.

A large leakage of water, amounting to about 7,500 litres per second, gushed down the river. It was a leak from the right-bank of the dam. The bank was expected to be water-tight, but it was not. Gradually, the leak reduced and stabilised at 2,500 litres per second and has been leaking ever since. Over the years, the leakage further reduced to about 2,200 litres per second. Yet, it is a large volume of water, escaping under the mountainous terrain, carrying with it debris, in turn indicating that further cavities are forming underneath the seemingly harmless lush green surface.

The leak amounts to about one week’s water used in an average household, gushing down the holes every second.

For the first time after 30 years, the drought in 2023 caused the Samanalawewa reservoir to be fully drawn down last August, back to its minimum water level of 425 meters. Samanalawewa spills when the water level reaches 460 meters. So, the height of water, near the dam, from the minimum to maximum, is 35 meters.

Investigations conducted in August jointly by the CEB and the University of Peradeniya, reconfirmed that leaks are from two major sources; (1) leaks along a construction access tunnel that has not been fully sealed after construction, (2) “sink holes”, which are cavities at reservoir bottom, opening pathways for water to leak downstream.

At a recent public seminar held at the Institution of Engineers, experts expressed their observations, investigations, calculations, and results. The call for immediate action was emphatic and unanimous, to take advantage of the water levels in Samanalawewa that are still very low, despite recent rains. Experts wanted water levels to recede further to investigate some leakage paths that are still not visible, and for immediate rectification work to be done. Rectification will require soil, mud and concrete, depending on the final decision of geologists and engineers.

The mini-hydro saga

There are two mini-hydro power plants on the Walawe River. They were built to use water downstream of the Samanalawewa dam; water which is not used to produce electricity from the CEB’s Samanalawewa power plant. Sri Lanka’s mini-hydropower plants (all privately-owned) had an average capacity factor of 43% in 2021. Apologies for the jargon — the capacity factor indicates the equivalent time a power plant produces electricity over a year, given the variation of river flow. The prices of electricity produced by the private mini-hydros that signed up in the 2013-2016 period were based on a capacity factor of 42%.

However, the two mini-hydros downstream of Samanalawewa have reported a capacity factor of 55%, ably supported by the godsend water “leaking” from the reservoir. Therefore, the two mini-hydros, both threatened of a complete washout in case of a disaster, who may well have recovered their investment at least twice over, should be the most interested in making sure that the reservoir is safe as it could be. Although some newspaper reports wrongly indicated that the mini-hydro owners are “against” the leak being plugged, they must be pushing the government to plug the leak and make their investments secure.

The Institution of Engineers held yet another seminar last week, featuring Australia’s key dam safety expert, a Sri Lankan, to drive home the point that Samanalawewa needs to be made safer. Other dams, too, have to be examined, and most importantly, all dams must have an evacuation plan, in case the unthinkable happens.

Eight officials jailed after dam burst

Not in Sri Lanka, but in Libya last week. Not only the present officials but the former officials, too, were jailed. Libya does not even have a unified functioning government, but Sri Lanka has a government.

The Sri Lanka government, too, acted when geologists and engineers were pleading with it two weeks ago to go ahead with Samanalawewa investigations and carry out repairs. It would require water levels to be reduced further, and a quick set of actions in succession to make the reservoir safe.

In its customary style, the government appointed a committee to prepare a report on the safety of all dams, with no special emphasis on Samanalawewa. The Ministry of Power and Energy, which is in charge of Samanalawewa, announced the repairs will be done in 2025. Until then?



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New US sanctions on ICC, a fillip to worldwide political repression

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The International Criminal Court in session. UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe

US Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s warning to the International Criminal Court (ICC) was stark: ‘Either the ICC will end its threats, or we will end the ICC.’ It followed US central administration accusations that the court was unfairly targeting Americans on the basis of trumped-up war crimes charges.

However, a new plethora of sanctions has been clamped on the ICC by the US, which in turn has spurred accusations by sections of the world that the latter has unleashed an ‘assault’ on the international legal order.

What some of the sanctions would mean for the ICC was outlined by Rubio: ‘We will ban transactions with this rogue court, cutting off their resources and crippling their ability to operate against us.’

The ICC has shown consistency of purpose over the years. Despite some operational constraints it has indicted a large number of political strongmen from around the world, accused of war crimes and other governance excesses that come under its purview. Two such recent figures are: Russian President Vladimir Putin and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

Rather than enjoy a mere nominal presence in the world community, the ICC has proved its effectiveness by detaining and bringing to justice scores of VIP politicians and others of their ilk who have been found guilty of human rights abuses and kindred excesses that come within the terms of reference of the ICC.

Accordingly, the international justice system would be stymied considerably as a result of the ICC being dis-empowered, particularly financially. Needless to say, potential and real perpetrators of the species of crime coming under the jurisdiction of the ICC would stand to gain most from such anarchic tendencies. That is, political repression globally would be enabled to enjoy a new lease of life.

A detailing of the types of crime coming under the purview of the ICC provides an idea of what it would cost the international community if the ICC’s operations are gravely hampered. They are mainly: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of aggression.

That is, the part of the world to be worst affected would be the global South, since the latter is awash with the mentioned crimes. Needless to say, a chronically-disaffected South will sooner rather than later undermine the well being of the world dangerously. The world is already being put through these paces.

At the time of writing, ‘illegal migrants’ from the South, for example, are aggravating many a Western economy’s woes, besides creating for them acute law and order issues. The fact that these migrants’ presence goes on to become a virtual test of the migrant receiving states’ ability to forge domestic social inclusion in the face of jingoistic protests by mainly white supremacist groups is evidence of the latter. As is known, the US, to take just one example, has been up against this crisis for quite a while.

Accordingly, it will be in the best interests of the West if ‘illegal’ migrant arrivals on their shores are stemmed. If the socio-political and economic problems assailing the South are effectively managed through North-South collaborative, ‘trouble-shooting’ efforts the causes leading to ‘illegal’ migration and connected issues could be resolved at source as it were. For, it is the aggravation of the South’s material questions that lays the basis for the emergence of repressive and anti-democratic regimes in the hemisphere.

Until such time that the aforementioned issues in North-South relations are visited afresh and addressed urgently, a vibrantly functioning ICC would be needed. For, the latter would prove a deterrent to Southern political and military strongmen, highly prone to power abuse and like excesses, from coming into being in the wake of the South’s chronic material woes and the wars and conflicts that result from them.

It stands to reason then that the US would be acting in its own interests by enabling the ICC to perpetuate its mandate without hindrance. For a crop of issues that impinges negatively on internal law and order would be defused.

Meanwhile, there needs to be a meeting of minds among the rest of the West to put back in place a North-South dialogue process aimed at reducing some of the economic pressures that are weighing on the South.

Since economics usually drives politics it will be in the interests of the world community to scrutinizingly re-visit North-South issues of the past and put in place economic relief packages for Southern publics that would enable them to tide over their material hardships rather than permit the latter to aggravate into social disaffection and eventually armed militancy. It is the latter juncture that paves the way for the emergence of authoritarian rulers in the South who then go on to be a blight on their publics.

Accordingly, the Southern-based global development thinking of the past that envisaged a more equitable world economic order needs to be seen as an urgent need. That is, NAM’s international development paradigms need to be resuscitated to the extent possible.

It is unlikely that rightist governments of the West, such as the current Republican administration in the US, would find these projects feasible, but democratic states of Europe, led by perhaps the UK, are likely to think otherwise. For it would not be beneficial for the democratic world to be having on their hands repressive governments in the South who would be gravitating towards the major military and economic actors of the South, such as Iran and North Korea, who tend to be in constant power struggles with the West.

However, until such time that the mentioned, pro-people initiatives are given serious thought the ICC would need to be enabled by the international community to be in place comfortably and carry on with its mandate of bringing repressive rulers to book. Besides the ICC should pave the way for the peoples of the developing world to enjoy some substantial respite from the political repression and even terror which tend to be their lot.

Meanwhile, the wars of West Asia are relentlessly aggravating the economic hardships of people everywhere, driving the point home to enlightened sections that there is no alternative to peacemaking. A challenge is to convert the US under President Trump to this line of thinking.

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Clear, soft and shine-free skin

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This week, I give you five simple, time-tested homemade remedies that help reduce the appearance of blemishes, control excess shine and leave your skin feeling softer and smoother.

The Honey and Lemon Brightening Dab:

For stubborn blemish marks, this is a classic. Mix one teaspoon of pure bee honey with three to four drops of fresh lemon juice. Apply gently, only on the affected spots, and leave for 10 minutes before rinsing with lukewarm water. While honey soothes and softens, lemon helps to brighten naturally. Use twice a week in the evening.

Besan and Rose Water Oil-Control Pack:

An ideal remedy to combat shine, especially on the T-zone. Take two teaspoons of besan (gram flour) and mix with sufficient rose water to form a smooth paste. Add a pinch of turmeric for its antiseptic goodness. Apply evenly, keep for 15 minutes and wash off. It absorbs excess oil without over-drying, leaving a beautiful matte finish.

Aloe Vera and Cucumber Ice Soother:

Blend fresh aloe vera gel with the juice of a grated cucumber and freeze the mixture in an ice tray. Each morning, wrap one cube in a soft muslin cloth and gently rub over a cleansed face for 30 seconds. It calms, tightens pores and imparts a baby-soft smoothness.

Oatmeal and Curd Gentle Polish:

Roughness and old blemish marks need gentle exfoliation. Combine one tablespoon of finely powdered oatmeal with one tablespoon of fresh curd (yoghurt). Massage very gently, in circular motions, for one minute, leave for five minutes and rinse. It removes dead cells and unveils softer, clearer skin.

 Multani Mitti and Green Tea Magic Mask:

Brew some green tea and allow it to cool completely. Mix one and a half teaspoons of Multani Mitti (Fuller’s Earth) with the tea water to make a fine paste. Apply for 10 to 12 minutes – do not let it dry and crack completely – and wash off. It draws out impurities, fades blemishes and bestows a fresh, shine-free glow.

A Gentle Reminder:

As with any natural remedy, always do a patch test on your inner arm first. For those with oily or combination skin, avoid heavy coconut oil application and harsh scrubbing, as they tend to aggravate shine and blemishes.

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Compete, shine and be discovered at WCOPA 2027

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Dream of performing on a world stage? Well, here is your unique, golden opportunity!

The World Championships of Performing Arts (WCOPA) — the one and only official “Talent Olympics” — is the world’s premier global platform for aspiring singers, dancers, actors, models, instrumentalists, etc., to compete, shine and be discovered!

And, yes, this world stage is open to YOU, Sri Lankans living in Sri Lanka and overseas!

Held annually in glittering Las Vegas, WCOPA brings together over 70 countries, all competing for Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals, just like the traditional Olympics.

Lakisha Bernard: Will represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA 2027

Outstanding performers vie for the coveted titles of Junior and Senior Grand Champion Performer of the World, with winners and standout participants awarded over $500,000 in scholarships, cash awards and prizes to catapult their education and careers!

Sri Lanka is already making waves! At WCOPA 2026, Natharie Wickramasinghe, representing Team Sri Lanka, made the nation proud by winning a Bronze Medal in the Ethnic/Folklore Dance category!

Lakisha: Accomplished freelance Model and Fashion Design graduate

Recruitment for this prestigious competition is handled through a system of scouts and licensed National Directors — and this is where our very own Chris Rajendra, now based in Las Vegas, and National Director for Team Sri Lanka, comes into the scene.

If you are a singer, dancer, actor, model, instrumentalist — if you have talent burning inside you — contact Chris Rajendra today for registration and, who knows, you may find yourself in Las Vegas, and proudly draped in the Sri Lankan flag, at WCOPA 2027!

The contact address is: Chris Rajendra, wcopa.nationaldirector.sl@gmail.com

or chris.rajendra@gmail.com

Meanwhile, a star is born for 2027, in the form of Lakisha Bernard who is all set to represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA 2027.

Originally hailing from the sun-drenched coastal city of Colombo and now carving out her creative career in Canada, 22-year-old Lakisha is stepping into the international spotlight.

This accomplished freelance Model and Fashion Design graduate has officially been appointed as the Team Sri Lanka Promoter for Canada as she prepares to represent Team Sri Lanka at WCOPA in Las Vegas.

Lakisha brings a unique blend of high-fashion sensibility, captivating camera presence and expert garment design to the Team.

Having built her career, from local college shoots to high-glamour concepts, Lakisha’s inspiring journey embodies the true spirit of cultural bridge-building and creative resilience, bringing immense pride and recognition to Sri Lanka on the global stage.

WCOPA 2027 will be held at the legendary Westgate Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, from 12th to 20th July – the very same iconic arena where the late, great Elvis Presley himself performed!

Your moment is now. Your stage is Las Vegas, so hurry and contact Chris Rajendra.

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