Features
Ceylon Bird Club,Hoffmann’s interest in avifauna and services in this regard
(Excerpted from the authorized biography of Thilo W. Hoffmann by Douglas. B. Ranasinghe)
Over the years, Dr T.S.U. de Zylva has perhaps been Sri Lanka’s most successful photographer of wildlife, with a special emphasis on birds. Writing the foreword to his book Birds of Lanka in 1984, Thilo Hoffmann quotes G. M. Henry to say of himself:
“My interest in birds is primarily aesthetic; their beauty of form, colour, texture and pattern of plumage; their flight, song, behaviour and elusiveness appeal to me far more than … attempts to achieve … an acceptable scheme of classification.”
There he also describes how his closer involvement with the avifauna of the island began:
“… my wife and I started bird watching in Sri Lanka nearly 40 years ago … I remember how important it was for us to have a copy of The Book of Indian Birds by Salim Ali with an illustration for each species; only later did we graduate to Henry’s Guide.”
Initially the interest was much more on her part than his, but this gradually changed.
The Ceylon Bird Club
In the 1960s Thilo joined the Ceylon Bird Club (CBC). As he remembers, it was E. B. Wikramanayake who introduced him to it. Later he would record what W.W.A. Phillips told him about its beginnings.It would appear that the Bird Club was the ‘brain-child’ of the Rev. Basil Jackson, then at Kandy, who together with Major Phillips started it in 1933 or 1934. … Originally membership was limited to eight, which was the number of carbons which could be run off one typewriter. Subsequently membership increased slightly, but was always confined to a small group of amateur bird watchers.
Thilo eventually shouldered the burden of running the organization. He became its Secretary, Editor of its monthly journal, Treasurer and Chairman. Gradually he developed the club, with great dedication and success.
When Thilo joined the club it had a few dozen members. Its main purpose then was the exchange of notes on bird observations among them. Under him it widened to compiling, recording and providing information on the birds of Sri Lanka, and protecting them and their habitats. Thilo remarks:
“After taking over the Ceylon Bird Club from Roy McLeod Cameron, the last British Secretary, I steered it though a difficult period. If not for the devoted service of my personal secretary, Mrs Yvonne Nadarajah, the work of collecting, editing and typing the various contributions for the monthly journal could not have been done. We carried on until the situation changed and more young people became interested in birds. The Bird Club was then handed over to the new generation. Until then it had been virtually a ‘one-man show’, holding it in trust for them.”
The Club itself is a great feat and it is really astonishing how over a period of over 60 years a small band of volunteer members could produce and publish without fail the monthly Ceylon Bird Club Notes [CBCN], when during the same period many formerly famous journals of the Government and of other NGOs faltered, spaced out their issues and eventually disappeared altogether, e.g. The Tropical Agriculturist of the Agriculture Department, The Forester of the Forest Department, the Tea, Rubber and Coconut Quarterlies and the Annual Reports of heads of Government institutions, such as the Wildlife and Forest Departments.
Today, the CBC is widely regarded the world over as one of the principal bodies in the region concerned with avifauna. Among its 90-odd members, now selected from observers of proven reliability, are the leading ornithologists of Sri Lanka and several international experts and scholars. Much the greater part of the authentic information and analysis on the birds of the island has been published or provided by it. With Thilo’s dynamic example the club also continues to work effectively in the protection of critical bird habitats.
The CBCN has been published for every month since the inception of the club in 1943. It records among its subscribers eminent institutions abroad, such as the Bombay Natural History Society, the Oriental Bird Club, Natural History Museum, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology in Britain, and the Smithsonian Institution in the USA. Several regional experts read and contribute to it. The CBCN forms the basis of most of the published literature about Sri Lankan birds, on aspects such as their status and distribution, ecology and behaviour.
In 1963 for the first time in Ceylon an effort was made to conduct a scientific study of the migratory habits of certain bird species. It was undertaken by the CBC in association with the Bombay Natural History Society. A population of more than 50,000 migrant Forest Wagtails were occupying the jungles of the Gal Oya valley. Using mist-nets Bird Club members caught and ringed 36 wagtails in that year and 92 in the next.
Since 1983 the club carries out an annual waterbird census, first organized by Thilo, as described later. It has continued to undertake studies and projects, and produce special publications. It services inquiries through correspondence, and on request assists State bodies and visiting ornithologists, all on an entirely voluntary basis. The club retains ‘Ceylon’ in its name for historical reasons – just as the Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) has desisted from the change to `Mumbai’.
During the time Thilo was Secretary and Chairman of the club it published a number of books and booklets, available to the public, in conformity with its aims and activities. These are listed at the end of this Chapter.
Into his nineties Thilo Hoffmann continued to play a valued part in the CBC, of which he is Chairman Emeritus, being consulted by its general committee and invited to participate in their meetings.

The Serendib Scope Owl, Otus thiloboffmanni, a new endemic discovered in 2001 by Deepal Warakagoda and named after Thilo Hoffmann.
He also remains the Chairman of the CBC Rarities and Records Committee. This body evaluates and determines the validity of reports of bird species and subspecies in Sri Lanka, including those from the past, and of new – i.e. previously unrecorded – or rare migrants. Established in 1985 under his direction, it consists of the Sri Lankan authorities and some of the international experts best qualified for the purpose, and is the only such active body in the region.
For nearly every month he has been in Sri Lanka, the material in the CBCN has included his own observations of birds and their habitats.
Connections overseas
Before Hoffmann took the helm of the CBC it had joined the International Council for Bird Preservation (ICBP) in Cambridge, Britain, the sole worldwide body for the protection of birds. For many years the club was Sri Lanka’s representative in it and was the ‘Sri Lankan National Section of the ICBP’. A delegate of the CBC regularly attended Asian Continental Section conferences held at four-yearly intervals in various countries of Asia, e.g. Indonesia and Thailand.
In 1984 the Club under Thilo hosted in Kandy the 10th Conference of the Asian Continental Section. The WNPS and March for Conservation assisted with the local arrangements. Representatives from 12 countries attended, as well as foreign agencies. The author of this biography, who was a participant, noted the efficient manner in which Thilo contributed to the great success of the occasion.
Hoffmann was elected Chairman of the Asian Section, the only person from Sri Lanka to hold this position. Two resolutions were passed in respect of Sri Lanka, as follows.
On endemic birds of Sri Lanka:
Whilst recognising Sri Lanka’s efforts to conserve important wildlife areas, the conference reminds the government respectfully that endemic species are irreplaceable and that together with their tropical and montane forest habitats, they are of great value to the people and country of Sri Lanka and indeed, the world and thus, urges the government of Sri Lanka to declare the few remaining [w]et and montane zone forest[s] in Sri Lanka as protected areas, and to take measures to safeguard these valuable habitats permanently from encroachment and other human activities.
On wetlands in Sri Lanka (the main theme of the conference was Wetlands in Asia’):
Recognizing the great importance of Sri Lanka’s many wetlands for indigenous waterbirds and migrating waders, ducks and seabirds and noting that the more important wetlands on the island have not yet been protected, the Conference urges the Government to do so immediately and to take steps to sign and ratify the Ramsay Convention on Wetlands of International Importance.
Hoffmann submitted papers on national conservation issues as background to these two draft resolutions, as well as reports on wetlands and the pioneering Provisional Inventory of Wetlands in Sri Lanka published in Loris, December 1982, with a revision in 1984 (Appendix XIX).
Two years after this meeting Thilo attended the ICBP World Conference in Canada. As usual, he paid all costs out of his own pocket. Here, the new Directorate of the ICBP presented the draft of a new constitution, to turn it into a professional bureaucracy, with a network of similar organizations in the various countries, doing away with the proven National and Continental Sections. The main reasons for the change were rivalries between groups within single countries – e.g. Japan – and greed for the funds of mass movements
Hoffmann was the only speaker who strongly opposed this change, pleading instead for continuation of the mainly amateur-based National Sections, which had been the mainstay of ICBP for decades. This view received sincere applause, and the support of important National Sections, such as that of the USA. His stand delayed the change by four years. However, at the next World Conference, in his absence, the new constitution was accepted and quickly implemented.
The transformed body was called BirdLife International. New contacts were sought in various countries, including Sri Lanka. An emissary was sent to Colombo, unknown to the Club and Hoffmann. This person only contacted a new populistic group, was told that the Bird Club was “elitist”, and with that information returned to headquarters in the UK. The CBC was replaced by the group as the Sri Lanka representatives. Neither the CBC nor Thilo were contacted during or after this episode, or informed that they had been replaced and on what grounds, nor thanked for decades of good work in the past.
Hoffmann remarks: “The ICBP was effective on a small budget in bringing concerns for birds before the world. Its national amateur Sections provided the enthusiasm, the hard work and financing as well as specific knowledge on birds in close collaboration with the scientists and related organizations in their area – all at practically no cost. Today the international bureaucracy is mainly known for its high-gloss productions of doubtful value. There is as usual a lot of talk and lots of writings and publications but little effect, as an army of collaborators try to create paid work for themselves. Exceptions excluded!
Features
The Division Bell Mystery
Tales of Mystery and Suspense 3
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
The Brahms and Simon detective novels, the first of which I wrote about last week, were amongst several books by the pair that Robert Scoble gave me when I was in Australia towards the end of last year. Amongst them was another thriller of a very different sort, though that too was written and set between the wars.
Called The Division Bell Mystery, it was set in the House of Commons, the first such book I believe, and was by Ellen Wilkinson, a Labour MP who became Minister of Education in Attlee’s government after the war, having served previously as Parliamentary Private Secretary to several ministers. Her hero Robert West is also a PPS, but a conservative, and his Minister, of Home Affairs, is an old style aristocrat, not much loved by the less orthodox Prime Minister, who nevertheless needs his support on many occasions.
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
West was just outside the door when the shot was heard, and when he opened it saw only the dead body with a revolver beside it. The assumption that this was suicide was however challenged by Oissel’s grand-daughter Annette, who was his heir, on the grounds that he would never have killed himself. But her view was given greater credence by the Inspector put in charge of the case who said there were no burn marks on the body which would have been the case had Oissel fired the pistol himself.
Matters are complicated by the fact that Oissel’s flat had been burgled while he was at dinner, and Jenks the policeman allocated to him, who had served the Home Secretary and seemed more acceptable to Oissel than someone from the Security Service, had been killed. Matters get even more complicated when Annette says her grand-father’s notebook in which he wrote his secrets in cipher was missing.
That was found in Jenks’ pocket, and then a photographer came to West to say he had been asked by Jenks to photograph this. More worryingly for West, he finds in the Home Secretary’s drawer a few pages from the notebook with what appears to be an interpretation of the cipher.
Overwhelmed by all this he confides in a recently created peer who knows all about the business world, who insists that they leave the house party at which they had met over dinner and discuss the matter with the Prime Minister who promptly summons the Home Secretary.
But the Home Secretary had gone to Scotland to launch a ship over the weekend, so the meeting could take place only on the morning of the Monday, when difficult questions were expected on the adjournment motion. He admits at the meeting that he had got Jenks to take the notebook, and also that he knew the code since it had been created by him and Oissel when they were young.
He thought he should resign, and even contemplated suicide, but the Prime Minister told him that that would be even worse for the government, and that he should go home to bed. The Prime Minister said that he himself would handle the question, which he did with aplomb, insisting that confidentiality was needed until the inquest. What had happened would be made clear then, he declared, leaving West and Inspector Blackit and Lord Dalbeattie what seemed the impossible task of solving the murder.
Dalbeattie had suggested that West ask a female Labour MP who was very fond of him to get what information she could from the staff. That there was some involvement there had become clear when West, going back late one night to collect a briefcase he had left in a dining room, found someone lurking in the dark in the corridor outside the private rooms. Room J, where the murder had happened, was meant to be guarded throughout by a policeman, but he had left the room having felt dizzy, and it seemed that his coffee had been drugged. West’s sudden appearance however had prevented anyone else getting into the room.
Dalbeattie decides to recreate the scene of the murder and has a dinner party in Room J on the Tuesday night, inviting West and Annette and the society hostess at whose house he had met, and also Patrick Kinnaird, an MP who was engaged to Annette, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Home Ministry.
After coffee Inspector Blackit comes in with Grace, the Labour MP who had got the confidence of the staff, and a journalist who had also been helpful, and just as they say they think they are on the track the division bell rings. Grace jumps up and tells the Inspector that that provides the solution and they get a ladder, and sure enough find the revolver in the space where the bell is. Directed at the place where Oissel had sat, it had been primed to go off with the ringing of the bell. The waiter who had helped to set things up made clear who the murderer had been.
The reason for the murder and the confused motives of all those involved made for a fascinatingly intricate mix. But also impressive in the book were the descriptions of the isolation possible in the crowded premises of the house, the forceful characterization of the members – Grace based on the writer, the society hostess based on Nancy Astor, the first female MP – and the laid back nature of senior politicians which West realized had to change in the brave new world of high finance.
Features
The challenge of keeping value-based politics alive
The current outbreak of anti-immigrant protests in Durban, South Africa is bound to have taken many a subscriber to value-based politics or political idealism quite by surprise. After all, this is evidence that despite the historic accomplishments of nation-builders of the stature of the late President Nelson Mandela it cannot be taken for granted that identity politics, including racism in its worst forms, is no more in South Africa.
At the time of this writing details are scarce on the substantive root causes of the protests but it could very well be that economic grievances, particularly on the part of the majority community in South Africa, are contributing considerably to the disaffection. Shrinking employment and material prospects are likely to figure majorly among the factors igniting the unrest.
Fortunately, the local authorities in Durban are losing no time in calling for peaceful co-existence among the relevant communities and are pointing to the vital importance of stepping-up national integration processes. Apparently, immigrants in sizable numbers from neighbouring countries are present in Durban. However, international TV footage of the protests quoted some local authorities as saying that the majority of the immigrants in some centres that housed them were not illegal migrants and had the documents that entitle them to be in Durban.
In the Durban protests the world has fresh proof of the socially divisive consequences of the gathering globe-wide economic disaffection, touched off particularly by the continuing crisis in West Asia. Going ahead, the world would need to brace for increasing identity-based unrest of the kind it is just witnessing in South Africa.
Considering that the material lot of ordinary people everywhere could only aggravate progressively, with the US and Iran showing no signs of negotiating an end to their confrontation any time soon, it will be left to the more democratic and progressive sections of the world community to initiate positive measures collectively to bring a measure of relief to the discontented.
The swiftness with which such relief will be provided would depend crucially on the importance those sections taking up these undertakings attach to value-based politics as opposed to Realpolitik of power politics.
Going by these yardsticks, Italy could be considered to be moving in the right direction. Recently Italy came to the fore in initiating the collective named, ‘Rome Coalition for Food Security and Access to Fertilizer’, which has as one of its aims the swift provision of fertilizer to economically weak African countries.
In a recent statement Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Antonio Tajani, said that a principal aim of the project was to ensure that the farmers of Africa gained easy access to fertilizer, considering that food security is a growing concern among some of Africa’s economically vulnerable countries.
The statement went on to mention that some 30 countries hailing from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Balkans as well as the FAO had been invited to join the coalition. The venture is far-seeing in that food security is main among the reasons for social discontent which in turn could degenerate into endemic political turmoil and bloodshed. Separatist violence and geographical fragmentation of countries wouldn’t be too far behind these developments, as Africa itself has often proved.
It is hoped that more G7 countries would take the cue from Italy and do what they could to ease the hardships of economically distressed countries, particularly of the global South. In these efforts they would need to break rank with the US, which is today brutally indifferent to the consequences of its policy of making ‘America First’, come what may.
Going by current developments, the Trump administration seems to be blithely oblivious to the wider, deleterious effects of its policy course in West Asia. Besides rendering Iran militarily and otherwise impotent nothing else seems to matter to Washington, as regards West Asia. This is policy short-sightedness of an extreme kind. After all, right now West Asia could be said to be sitting on the proverbial powder keg.
On the other hand, Iran is not giving the world the impression that it is doing anything constructive to get out of the policy straitjacket that it wove for itself decades ago. Rather than enter into a policy of ‘live and let live’ in relation to Israel in particular and initiate a process of reconciliation with the latter, it has chosen to operate within policy parameters that continue to damn Israel. This has put Israel always on the ‘defensive’ so to speak and prevented the opening up of space for meaningful dialogue.
That said, Israel is obliged to explore the possibilities of entering into a negotiatory process with the Arab-Islamic world that could lead to a de-escalation of tensions and bloodshed. It cannot continue to look at its neighbours through lenses that distort them as archetypal enemies who should be ‘wiped off completely from the face of the earth.’
In other words, the need is urgent for Realpolitik to give way to value-based politicks. Italy is beginning to prove that the latter approach could be pursued with some success. May be the EU and the UK could throw their weight behind these initiatives as well and establish that international politics could be refashioned on the basis of humane, civilized norms. The UN would need to be fully supportive of these moves and prove an organizational nucleus of the operations that follow.
In fact the time is ripe for people of conscience to collectively stand up on the side of peace and say ‘No’ to war and violence. Organizations such as the ICRC, the WHO and Medicines Sans Frontiers have already taken up this call. Referring to the widespread destruction of health facilities and their dehumanizing results these organizations have said, among other things, that ‘This is not a failure of the law. It is a failure of political will.’
True, ‘failure of political will’ among those powers that matter accounts for the runaway, uncontrollable nature of war and destruction in contemporary times, but more fundamentally it is a failure of the human conscience. It could very well be that the phenomenal levels to which violence and war have been unleashed today have had the effect of deadening consciences. This is a matter for urgent study and wide discussion.
Features
Vesak celebrations … with Cuteefly
I would describe Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka as innovative and creative, and she operates under the name of Cuteefly.
Indunil always comes up with something novel to celebrate special occasions, and she does it with candles … and that’s her profession.
She was in the spotlight when she created a happening scene, with candles, for Christmas, Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Valentine’s Day.
As lanterns light up Sri Lanka for Vesak, the Colombo-based candle maker is quietly turning wax and wick into little pieces of the festival.

Candles reflecting Vesak themes
Her candles reflect Vesak themes – light, peace, remembrance, giving, etc., to enable you to fill your Vesak celebration with devotion and beauty.
Among her Vesak creations is a lotus-shaped soy candle, scented with sandalwood, lavender, etc., meant to burn during this Vesak Poya Day.

Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka: Customers
praise her for her creativity
These handcrafted Vesak candles are perfect for offering at the temple, she says.
What makes her creations so novel is that they come in different shapes, scents, themes, and all are handmade.
What’s more, her customers have heaped praise on her for her creativity.
According to Indunil, her creations are perfect as a thoughtful gift … to bring beauty, unity, and light into every moment.
Says Indunil: “Our beautifully handcrafted Unity candles are designed with premium detail and love, making them perfect for celebrations, gifts, and meaningful occasions.”
Cuteefly, says Indunil, is available online.
Readers could contact Indunil on 0778506066 for more details.
He Facebook Page is: Cuteefly.

Handmade with love
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