Features
Cabinet squabbles over rice ration cut, PM threatens to resign
(Excerpted from the Memoirs of a Cabinet Secretary by BP Peiris)
Within a couple of days, another emergency meeting of the Cabinet was summoned, again at the instance of four Ministers, to consider the question of restoring the cut of half a measure imposed on the rice ration. The suggestion was made that if the rice coupons were taken away from those who had paddy, there would be a saving of Rs 20 million and, if certain other Votes were cut, the budget could be balanced. Felix stood his ground. He said he was not convinced that depriving paddy owners of their rice coupons was a satisfactory alternative proposal. If any satisfactory proposal was made, he was prepared to restore the half measure; but Ministers had no alternative proposal.
Regarding the proposed cut on the Votes, he asked whether the Minister of Education was prepared to forego his teachers, the Minister of Health his new hospitals, and the Minister of Irrigation his new and continuing works on his schemes. The Ministers were not prepared to reduce their Votes. With this deadlock the Cabinet had no option but to let the reduced ration stand. Ministerial feelings were strained and the Cabinet atmosphere appeared to be fully charged for an explosion.
Two days later (August 6, 1962) another Cabinet meeting was summoned for 7 p.m. to consider the same question. This meeting went on for two hours. The Prime Minister arrived with a very long face and I sensed trouble. She asked the Ministers bluntly what they were going to do about the rice ration. One Minister raised the old argument about taking the coupons off paddy owners. This was taken up by other Ministers. It was argued contra that the people of the Southern province would be badly affected if the cut was enforced because the people along the coast existed on rice and had no money to buy flour.
Others argued that peasants existed on breadfruit, jak, manioc etc. and had no use for flour. Felix Dias was silent, so was the Prime Minister. A suggestion was made that the whole position be considered six months later. Felix stood his ground again and retorted that he had presented a budget for 12 months and not for six months. There was wrangling in the Cabinet and the Prime Minister was obviously very angry. It was also said that many backbenchers of the Parliamentary Group were against the move to cut the rice ration and would vote against the Government or abstain from voting. Four votes were sufficient to defeat the Government but the Minister of Labour informed the Cabinet that they had twelve votes against them.
The Prime Minister pushed her chair back in an angry mood. She said she would resign and asked the Ministers to choose her successor. I had, at this stage, to remind the Prime Minister that her resignation implied the resignation of her entire Cabinet and that the question of her successor had to be left to the Governor-General. I can well imagine the extreme limit of endurance and patience to which she must have been driven by the petty-fogging and almost schoolboyish conduct on the part of her Ministers. She left the meeting abruptly. I did so myself without speaking to the other Ministers. At that moment, I felt very sorry for her.
Members of the Government Parliamentary Group anticipated defeat and were nervous that if they voted against the restoration of the rice ration cut and if the Prime Minister resigned and asked for a dissolution and a general election, they would not be able to show their faces in their electorates. It was therefore said that, at the last moment, a large number of party members might jump the stile so that they might win their seats. We had to wait and see. This was August 7, 1962 and a vote on the second reading of the budget was not due to be taken till the 20th.
Felix Dias had a proposal. He suggested that as a poor man’s family of husband, wife and, say, six children did not use their entire race ration but sold the ration books to boutiques and co-operative societies, the Government should offer them Rs 24 for each book surrendered. As there was a racket in the Guaranteed Price Scheme where the same quantity of paddy was known to go through the mills three or four times and where the cultivator, hard pressed for money, was paid Rs 7 or Rs 8 when the Government Price was Rs 12 per bushel, Felix proposed that the government should buy the paddy direct from the cultivator at Rs 12.
He said this would eliminate the racket in rice coupons. It was again proposed to give a ration of paddy to cultivators and cut the relevant number of coupons off their books. Which was to be decided was not agreed upon, but Madam Prime Minister asked that the matter be kept secret as this was part of the budget, the debate on which was to commence on August 16. A Cabinet meeting had been summoned for August 15 and someone disclosed the proposals which were awaiting discussion to the ‘Daily News’, embarrassing Felix Dias and the entire Cabinet.
The Prime Minister canceled the meeting and summoned the Ministers to meet unofficially to discuss the situation arising from this publication. I was not aware of what happened at this meeting but it was clear that that feeling of a collectively responsible Cabinet was fast disappearing.
Without any Cabinet decision of which I was aware, Ilangaratna announced in the House that the cut in the rice ration would take effect on October 22. Ministers were acting independently of one another. There was no team spirit. There was wrangling and maneuvering within the Cabinet and Felix Dias was forced as Finance Minister, at an emergency meeting on August 23, to withdraw the cut of half a measure in the rice ration. The Minister had no option but to resign. The Prime Minister now had nobody in the Cabinet on whom she could rely. ‘The Times of Ceylon’ commented on what happened as follows:
“That the wrangle within the Cabinet has developed into a crisis of sorts has been evident for some time now, but it is necessary to remind the Government that the country is faced with an even bigger crisis, the grave economic crisis which Ministerial pooh-poohing can no longer conjure away. It is the latter crisis which should take precedence in the Cabinet room, so that some serious and concerted efforts may be made to devise short term and long term remedies. Instead, the public interest is made a sort of football to be kicked from one end of the Cabinet room to the other.
“We refer specifically to the unseemly dispute about the rice ration, a dispute which has been reflected in successive announcements, one canceling out the other. Whether it was difficulty in obtaining supplies or (as we believe) the critical state of our foreign assets that prompted the budget proposal to cut the ration, this was obviously a matter for the most anxious consideration of the Cabinet as a whole before a firm decision was reached and announced. But no sooner was the cut announced that there were second, third and fourth thoughts, not among members of the opposition but in the Cabinet itself with the vagaries of the ministerial wrangle reflected in successive conflicting public announcements.
“When he broke the fateful news of the cut in the budget speech on July 26th, the Finance Minister said it would be effective “as far as possible from next week”. Five days later a commnique was issued saying that the cut would be made from August 13th. On August 2nd, however, the Government made the cryptic announcement that the implementation would be “on a date to be fixed by the Cabinet”. On August 3rd, after an emergency meeting of the Cabinet, it was stoutly denied that the cut would be operative from August 27th.
“Blame was heaped on ‘the newspapers’ which, it was announced, ‘had sought to infer that the Government had revised two major policy decisions contained in the budget speech regarding the sales tax and the reduction of the rice ration. The Government has not deviated in policy on either’. On August 15th the Minister of Agriculture’s proposed alternative to the rice ration cut was given publicity in the Press. Next day, August 16th, the Finance Minister told Parliament, ‘I would like to state quite clearly that the proposal before the House, and on which I have any information to give the House, still remain exactly where they were. There are no changes whatsoever.’ And now, this week, the Food Minister intervenes to tell Parliament that there may be no ration cut at all.
“The public have surely had enough of this farce. It would he pure comedy were the economic plight of the country not so tragic. There is indeed a crisis facing the nation, not merely an unseemly Cabinet wrangle but an economic crisis which may reduce the country to bankruptcy. In that context the squabbles within the Cabinet are an affront to the population. We reported on Monday that negotiation for foreign aid is to be given top priority by the Government. To beg abroad is no solution to our home-made economic difficulties. We hope the Cabinet will, at least in the grave pass to which the government had pushed the country, show a greater sense of decorum and responsibility than has been evident in recent weeks.”
Felix Dias was succeeded as Minister of Finance by C. P. de Silva who took the portfolio in addition to his other duties, an impossible task for any one man. In the meantime, Felix went round the country attacking C. P.’s finance policy from public platforms. C. P. handed back his portfolio and was succeeded by Kalugalla. Felix started the old game again and attacked Kalugalla in public. It amazed me that a Cabinet composed of men like this could ever have taken charge of the country’s affairs and, having taken charge, could have continued as a body for so long.
Kalugalla now tried his hand at finding ways and means of bridging the budget deficit. His proposals, which were not prepared in the Treasury but by a friend of his in the Central Bank, were approved. He asked Cabinet approval to increase the maximum statutory limit of Treasury Bills from Rs 1,000 million by a further Rs 150 million. Felix Dias asked why this was at all necessary. The Minister had made his proposals for bridging the budget deficit – then why more Treasury Bills?
Ultimately the increase was approved. At a subsequent meeting, Kalugalla stated that the deficit would be Rs 217 million, that his calculations had been wrong and that by his proposals only Rs 60 million could be raised. He therefore proposed to impose further taxation on a public which was already taxed to the utmost. He was asked to bring his tax proposals before the Cabinet.
Up to May 1963, Kalugalla had no proposals to make. On May 6, Parliament was prorogued till July 17, amid strong protests by all parties of the Opposition. As a result, over one hundred items on the Order Paper lapsed. The real reason for the unusually long prorogation was that, if the six appointed members were ignored, the Government had only a slender majority of two.
Features
The Division Bell Mystery
Tales of Mystery and Suspense 3
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
The Brahms and Simon detective novels, the first of which I wrote about last week, were amongst several books by the pair that Robert Scoble gave me when I was in Australia towards the end of last year. Amongst them was another thriller of a very different sort, though that too was written and set between the wars.
Called The Division Bell Mystery, it was set in the House of Commons, the first such book I believe, and was by Ellen Wilkinson, a Labour MP who became Minister of Education in Attlee’s government after the war, having served previously as Parliamentary Private Secretary to several ministers. Her hero Robert West is also a PPS, but a conservative, and his Minister, of Home Affairs, is an old style aristocrat, not much loved by the less orthodox Prime Minister, who nevertheless needs his support on many occasions.
The murder, in a private dining room in the house, is of a financier with whom the government was negotiating a loan. When this seemed difficult the Minister of Home Affairs agreed to lead discussions, since he had known Mr Oissel the financier when they were young. Hence the private dinner, but when the Minister stepped out for a vote, Oissel was shot just as the Division Bell rang.
West was just outside the door when the shot was heard, and when he opened it saw only the dead body with a revolver beside it. The assumption that this was suicide was however challenged by Oissel’s grand-daughter Annette, who was his heir, on the grounds that he would never have killed himself. But her view was given greater credence by the Inspector put in charge of the case who said there were no burn marks on the body which would have been the case had Oissel fired the pistol himself.
Matters are complicated by the fact that Oissel’s flat had been burgled while he was at dinner, and Jenks the policeman allocated to him, who had served the Home Secretary and seemed more acceptable to Oissel than someone from the Security Service, had been killed. Matters get even more complicated when Annette says her grand-father’s notebook in which he wrote his secrets in cipher was missing.
That was found in Jenks’ pocket, and then a photographer came to West to say he had been asked by Jenks to photograph this. More worryingly for West, he finds in the Home Secretary’s drawer a few pages from the notebook with what appears to be an interpretation of the cipher.
Overwhelmed by all this he confides in a recently created peer who knows all about the business world, who insists that they leave the house party at which they had met over dinner and discuss the matter with the Prime Minister who promptly summons the Home Secretary.
But the Home Secretary had gone to Scotland to launch a ship over the weekend, so the meeting could take place only on the morning of the Monday, when difficult questions were expected on the adjournment motion. He admits at the meeting that he had got Jenks to take the notebook, and also that he knew the code since it had been created by him and Oissel when they were young.
He thought he should resign, and even contemplated suicide, but the Prime Minister told him that that would be even worse for the government, and that he should go home to bed. The Prime Minister said that he himself would handle the question, which he did with aplomb, insisting that confidentiality was needed until the inquest. What had happened would be made clear then, he declared, leaving West and Inspector Blackit and Lord Dalbeattie what seemed the impossible task of solving the murder.
Dalbeattie had suggested that West ask a female Labour MP who was very fond of him to get what information she could from the staff. That there was some involvement there had become clear when West, going back late one night to collect a briefcase he had left in a dining room, found someone lurking in the dark in the corridor outside the private rooms. Room J, where the murder had happened, was meant to be guarded throughout by a policeman, but he had left the room having felt dizzy, and it seemed that his coffee had been drugged. West’s sudden appearance however had prevented anyone else getting into the room.
Dalbeattie decides to recreate the scene of the murder and has a dinner party in Room J on the Tuesday night, inviting West and Annette and the society hostess at whose house he had met, and also Patrick Kinnaird, an MP who was engaged to Annette, as well as the Permanent Secretary to the Home Ministry.
After coffee Inspector Blackit comes in with Grace, the Labour MP who had got the confidence of the staff, and a journalist who had also been helpful, and just as they say they think they are on the track the division bell rings. Grace jumps up and tells the Inspector that that provides the solution and they get a ladder, and sure enough find the revolver in the space where the bell is. Directed at the place where Oissel had sat, it had been primed to go off with the ringing of the bell. The waiter who had helped to set things up made clear who the murderer had been.
The reason for the murder and the confused motives of all those involved made for a fascinatingly intricate mix. But also impressive in the book were the descriptions of the isolation possible in the crowded premises of the house, the forceful characterization of the members – Grace based on the writer, the society hostess based on Nancy Astor, the first female MP – and the laid back nature of senior politicians which West realized had to change in the brave new world of high finance.
Features
The challenge of keeping value-based politics alive
The current outbreak of anti-immigrant protests in Durban, South Africa is bound to have taken many a subscriber to value-based politics or political idealism quite by surprise. After all, this is evidence that despite the historic accomplishments of nation-builders of the stature of the late President Nelson Mandela it cannot be taken for granted that identity politics, including racism in its worst forms, is no more in South Africa.
At the time of this writing details are scarce on the substantive root causes of the protests but it could very well be that economic grievances, particularly on the part of the majority community in South Africa, are contributing considerably to the disaffection. Shrinking employment and material prospects are likely to figure majorly among the factors igniting the unrest.
Fortunately, the local authorities in Durban are losing no time in calling for peaceful co-existence among the relevant communities and are pointing to the vital importance of stepping-up national integration processes. Apparently, immigrants in sizable numbers from neighbouring countries are present in Durban. However, international TV footage of the protests quoted some local authorities as saying that the majority of the immigrants in some centres that housed them were not illegal migrants and had the documents that entitle them to be in Durban.
In the Durban protests the world has fresh proof of the socially divisive consequences of the gathering globe-wide economic disaffection, touched off particularly by the continuing crisis in West Asia. Going ahead, the world would need to brace for increasing identity-based unrest of the kind it is just witnessing in South Africa.
Considering that the material lot of ordinary people everywhere could only aggravate progressively, with the US and Iran showing no signs of negotiating an end to their confrontation any time soon, it will be left to the more democratic and progressive sections of the world community to initiate positive measures collectively to bring a measure of relief to the discontented.
The swiftness with which such relief will be provided would depend crucially on the importance those sections taking up these undertakings attach to value-based politics as opposed to Realpolitik of power politics.
Going by these yardsticks, Italy could be considered to be moving in the right direction. Recently Italy came to the fore in initiating the collective named, ‘Rome Coalition for Food Security and Access to Fertilizer’, which has as one of its aims the swift provision of fertilizer to economically weak African countries.
In a recent statement Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Antonio Tajani, said that a principal aim of the project was to ensure that the farmers of Africa gained easy access to fertilizer, considering that food security is a growing concern among some of Africa’s economically vulnerable countries.
The statement went on to mention that some 30 countries hailing from the Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Balkans as well as the FAO had been invited to join the coalition. The venture is far-seeing in that food security is main among the reasons for social discontent which in turn could degenerate into endemic political turmoil and bloodshed. Separatist violence and geographical fragmentation of countries wouldn’t be too far behind these developments, as Africa itself has often proved.
It is hoped that more G7 countries would take the cue from Italy and do what they could to ease the hardships of economically distressed countries, particularly of the global South. In these efforts they would need to break rank with the US, which is today brutally indifferent to the consequences of its policy of making ‘America First’, come what may.
Going by current developments, the Trump administration seems to be blithely oblivious to the wider, deleterious effects of its policy course in West Asia. Besides rendering Iran militarily and otherwise impotent nothing else seems to matter to Washington, as regards West Asia. This is policy short-sightedness of an extreme kind. After all, right now West Asia could be said to be sitting on the proverbial powder keg.
On the other hand, Iran is not giving the world the impression that it is doing anything constructive to get out of the policy straitjacket that it wove for itself decades ago. Rather than enter into a policy of ‘live and let live’ in relation to Israel in particular and initiate a process of reconciliation with the latter, it has chosen to operate within policy parameters that continue to damn Israel. This has put Israel always on the ‘defensive’ so to speak and prevented the opening up of space for meaningful dialogue.
That said, Israel is obliged to explore the possibilities of entering into a negotiatory process with the Arab-Islamic world that could lead to a de-escalation of tensions and bloodshed. It cannot continue to look at its neighbours through lenses that distort them as archetypal enemies who should be ‘wiped off completely from the face of the earth.’
In other words, the need is urgent for Realpolitik to give way to value-based politicks. Italy is beginning to prove that the latter approach could be pursued with some success. May be the EU and the UK could throw their weight behind these initiatives as well and establish that international politics could be refashioned on the basis of humane, civilized norms. The UN would need to be fully supportive of these moves and prove an organizational nucleus of the operations that follow.
In fact the time is ripe for people of conscience to collectively stand up on the side of peace and say ‘No’ to war and violence. Organizations such as the ICRC, the WHO and Medicines Sans Frontiers have already taken up this call. Referring to the widespread destruction of health facilities and their dehumanizing results these organizations have said, among other things, that ‘This is not a failure of the law. It is a failure of political will.’
True, ‘failure of political will’ among those powers that matter accounts for the runaway, uncontrollable nature of war and destruction in contemporary times, but more fundamentally it is a failure of the human conscience. It could very well be that the phenomenal levels to which violence and war have been unleashed today have had the effect of deadening consciences. This is a matter for urgent study and wide discussion.
Features
Vesak celebrations … with Cuteefly
I would describe Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka as innovative and creative, and she operates under the name of Cuteefly.
Indunil always comes up with something novel to celebrate special occasions, and she does it with candles … and that’s her profession.
She was in the spotlight when she created a happening scene, with candles, for Christmas, Sinhala and Tamil New Year, and Valentine’s Day.
As lanterns light up Sri Lanka for Vesak, the Colombo-based candle maker is quietly turning wax and wick into little pieces of the festival.

Candles reflecting Vesak themes
Her candles reflect Vesak themes – light, peace, remembrance, giving, etc., to enable you to fill your Vesak celebration with devotion and beauty.
Among her Vesak creations is a lotus-shaped soy candle, scented with sandalwood, lavender, etc., meant to burn during this Vesak Poya Day.

Indunil Kaushalya Dissanayaka: Customers
praise her for her creativity
These handcrafted Vesak candles are perfect for offering at the temple, she says.
What makes her creations so novel is that they come in different shapes, scents, themes, and all are handmade.
What’s more, her customers have heaped praise on her for her creativity.
According to Indunil, her creations are perfect as a thoughtful gift … to bring beauty, unity, and light into every moment.
Says Indunil: “Our beautifully handcrafted Unity candles are designed with premium detail and love, making them perfect for celebrations, gifts, and meaningful occasions.”
Cuteefly, says Indunil, is available online.
Readers could contact Indunil on 0778506066 for more details.
He Facebook Page is: Cuteefly.

Handmade with love
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