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AKD in New Delhi: Some thoughts about the ‘Indian policy’ of a progressive government

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MP Dissanayake with Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jayashankar in New Delhi

By Ramindu Perera
Senior Lecturer, Department of Legal Studies, Open University of Sri Lanka

The recent visit of a delegation from the National People’s Power (NPP), led by Anura Kumara Dissanayaka, to India has sparked an intriguing discussion within our political circles. While some parties have seized upon this opportunity to mock the JVP, recalling their anti-Indian stance in the 1980s, others have raised concerns about the potential dangers of yielding to Indian regional hegemony. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the invitation extended by the Indian government to an NPP delegation for discussions signifies a significant turning point. The NPP, with only three members in Parliament, was until very recently perceived as a marginal political party.

However, in the post-2022 political landscape, the NPP has emerged as a pivotal player, marking the breakdown of the two-party system that has characterized our politics since independence. The decision by India to invite the leader of the NPP for discussions, rather than the main opposition leader in Parliament, indicates that New Delhi is keenly aware of the rapidly evolving political dynamics in its neighboring country.

The NPP positions itself as a progressive, left-leaning alternative to the established political order. Given that the rise of a left-leaning political bloc as a major force in Sri Lanka’s politics is an unprecedented development, several significant considerations arise regarding the nature of the foreign policy such a government would (or should) pursue.

Rise of multipolarism

The primary contradiction defining the contemporary international order lies in the tension between uni-polarity and multi-polarity. The Western-dominated unipolar world order that emerged in the aftermath of the Cold War is steadily unraveling, giving way to an increasingly multi-polar landscape characterized by the presence of multiple hegemonic blocs. On one hand, this multi polarization is propelled by the ascension of China. While Western economies faltered in the wake of the 2009 economic crisis, China adeptly weathered the storm and is emerging as a substantial counterbalance to Western hegemony.

Second, there is an increasing alignment among major economies of the Global South. BRICS has become the platform of this alignment. Established in 2009, the BRICS organization comprised five emerging economies —Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Recently, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates officially joined the platform. BRICS is envisioned as an alternative to Western dominance in the international order and has been promoting policies like de-dollarization and establishing a New Development Bank to strengthen the leverage of the Global South.

For developing countries like Sri Lanka, emerging multi polarization provides multiple opportunities, in terms of trade, investment, and diversification of development finance. The TINA doctrine suggesting that there is no alternative to the dominant neo-liberal framework that became mainstream aftermath of the fall of the Soviet Union has been a severe obstacle for countries like Sri Lanka to imagine an independent path for development.

India’s dual role

India presents a curious case in this emerging international order. The dualism evident in the Indian foreign policy has implications on countries like Sri Lanka too. There is no need to recall the historic anti-imperialist credentials of India as a founder member of the Non-aligned Movement. On the one hand, India seems to be continuing this legacy by becoming a part of the BRICS and taking a more independent stance on issues like the Russia-Ukraine war, resisting Western pressure.

But on the other hand, after the 1990s, India has become a close ally of the United States. India participates in the QUAD initiative founded by the United States to contain China’s advent. India calls this policy as ‘multi-alignment’ which denotes a departure from its historic non-aligned approach.

Furthermore, India also shares a complicated relationship with China. Since the 1962 Indo-China war, relations between the two countries have been always strained. It is no secret that India treats the Chinese presence in the Indian Ocean in a suspicious light. India’s attitude towards governments of smaller neighboring countries is largely characterized by this rivalry. Increased engagement with the rising East offers new opportunities for smaller South Asian nations, but it might also invite the suspicion of India. These are the geo-political realities that any future government in Sri Lanka —including a potential NPP government will have to deal with.

Balancing contradictions

Thus, at the foreign policy level, balancing these contradictions becomes a foremost task. It is no secret that as an emerging regional power, India also shares hegemonic ambitions. The dialectic of India’s growth is that while it leads to undue interventions in internal matters of neighboring countries, it also opens up new possibilities at the economic front with expanding markets. Japan in the 1960s spoke about the ‘flying geese paradigm’, a metaphor that characterized the relationship between Japan and other industrializing East Asian economies. In this paradigm, growth in Japan is the leading ‘goose’ — that accompanies other smaller geese like South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong towards further growth and development.

Could the expanding influence of India prompt consideration of a flying geese model within the context of South Asia? How might Sri Lanka leverage India’s burgeoning domestic markets to foster its own industrial and economic development? These are weighty inquiries that demand thoughtful contemplation and scholarly examination.

Sri Lanka should be smart enough to gain from new openings like the growth of India and increasing multi polarity while not compromising its sovereignty and independence. Of course, compromises are a part of diplomacy, but certain lines cannot be allowed to be crossed. Sri Lanka being a part of an international military pact, or allowing foreign military bases in Sri Lanka is an example of such lines. What a future progressive government in Sri Lanka needs is a Lula De Silva approach to foreign relations. The Brazilian President during his first two terms (2002-2010) was a well-known critic of United States imperialism. However, during the office, he managed to successfully lead Brazil, avoiding an outright confrontation with the United States, but also not compromising friendly relations with countries like China, Russia, and neighboring Cuba and Venezuela.

Historical rivalries

NPP’s increased engagement at the diplomatic front indicates that the party has ceased to think only as a party of the opposition but has seriously started thinking as a party in government. It is well known that the idea of ‘Indian expansionism’ was a part of the JVP’s discourse when the party was formed in the 1960s. This term was an invention of Maoist China during the 1962 Indo-China conflict, and the JVP must have inherited it from its predecessor — the Ceylon Communist Party (Peking wing).

Nevertheless, it might be interesting to note that, even in its history, JVP has not always been ‘anti-Indian’ as certain commentators seem to assume. In the aftermath of 1977, when the JVP entered into mainstream politics, the idea of Indian expansionism was discarded, partly because of the criticism that it encouraged a hostile mentality towards the upcountry Tamil community. One might even be surprised to know that the main argument of Rohana Wijeweera’s thesis on the national question — Demala Eelam aragalayata visaduma kumakda? (What is the solution to the Tamil Eelam struggle?) can be said to be a very much sympathetic account of India. In his book, Wijeweera argues that Tamil separatism might become an accomplice of Western imperialism, that aims to destabilize India which was following a pro-Soviet foreign policy at the time.

The talk about Indian expansionism reappeared in the JVP’s discourse only after 1987, when the Indo-Lanka agreement was signed, and the Indian Peace Keeping Force entered Sri Lanka. JVP viewed this intervention in a hostile light. The re-founded JVP in the 1990s removed reference to Indian expansionism from its literature but has been critical about certain hegemonic type behaviors of Sri Lanka’s powerful neighbor.

Regardless of the merits and drawbacks of these historical positions, any reasonable individual would acknowledge that rivalries within a specific historical context cannot, or should not, endure indefinitely. The Vietnamese people valiantly fought against the United States during the Vietnam War, yet the same Communist Party engaged in economic cooperation with them following the 1986 Doi-Moi reforms. This wasn’t because Vietnam perceived America to have ceased being imperialist, but rather because they skillfully balanced idealism and realism. In international relations, realism devoid of idealism is morally questionable, whereas idealism divorced from realism can prove to be disastrous.



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Combining local resources,traditional knowledge and science to build a food-secure Sri Lanka

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World Food Day 2026: Innovating today for a better food future

by Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

What will be on the Sri Lankan dinner table ten years from now? Will our children be able to get nutritious food at a price their families can afford? Will farmers be able to grow enough despite changing weather and rising costs? And how much of the food we produce will actually reach the consumer, instead of being lost or wasted along the way?

These questions can’t wait. A farmer faces unpredictable weather. A family faces rising food costs. Fruit goes unsold after a good harvest. Some children do not get enough nutrition. The future of food is tied to the future of Sri Lanka itself.

World Food Day 2026 is a chance to look beyond the immediate problems and ask whether we can build a food system that feeds our people well, gives farmers better opportunities, protects the environment and makes better use of what we already have. The answer can be yes, but we will have to think differently.

We are not starting from zero. Sri Lanka has diverse crops, fisheries, traditional food knowledge, indigenous varieties, research institutions, universities and a young generation able to create new solutions. What we need is to bring these together and act. Producing more will not secure our food future on its own. It will depend on how intelligently we produce, process, preserve, distribute and consume food.

Making more of what we already have

Innovation does not always mean inventing something new. Often it means finding better uses for the resources we have.

Sri Lanka grows traditional rice varieties, kurakkan, green gram, cowpea, jackfruit, breadfruit, cassava, sweet potato, coconut and palmyrah. All of them have great potential for modern, nutritious, value-added foods. Jackfruit and breadfruit can be made into flour and other convenient products. Traditional rice varieties can go into new foods that suit changing consumer needs. Palmyrah, with its strong cultural heritage, can create new income through better processing, packaging, quality assurance and market development.

The aim is to connect our traditional food knowledge with modern consumer needs and technology, while keeping our food heritage.

Stop wasting the food we produce

Reducing food loss and waste should be a major priority. Seasonal fruits such as mango, banana, papaya and pineapple can be lost in large quantities when production exceeds demand or when storage, transport and processing facilities are inadequate. With suitable technology, these fruits can become dried products, pulps, powders, beverages and other shelf-stable foods.

Agricultural and fisheries by-products are resources too. They could be turned into food ingredients, animal feed, bio-based products and other useful materials, which would move us toward a more circular food economy.

Technology alone is not enough. We need stronger local processing facilities, cold storage, efficient transport, collection centres and market information systems, especially close to where food is produced. Cutting food loss raises the value of what our farmers and fishers already produce.

Nutrition and food safety come first

Food security means more than having enough food. People also need food that is safe and nutritious.

Sri Lanka can develop affordable, nutritious foods from local pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits and fish. Children and other vulnerable groups should get particular attention. Schoolchildren in particular deserve a focus: safe, nutritious, locally sourced products for school feeding programs would support child nutrition, local farmers and domestic food industries at the same time.

Food safety must stay at the centre of food innovation. Good hygiene, quality control, laboratory testing, traceability and appropriate food safety systems are what make new products safe as well as attractive and nutritious.

A food system that can cope with climate change

Climate change is already affecting agricultural production, water availability, crop yields and food prices. We need food systems that can handle changing conditions. That means climate-resilient crops, efficient water use, soil and water conservation, better storage and resource-efficient food processing.

Traditional knowledge matters here. Generations of Sri Lankan farmers have developed practices suited to local climates and ecosystems. Combining that experience with modern science can give us solutions that fit local conditions and are sustainable. Technology alone will not build the future of food. Science, experience and local knowledge together can.

Give young people a bigger role

Sri Lanka’s universities have an important part to play in shaping our food future. Young people should be encouraged to identify real problems in the food system and work on practical solutions in areas such as food waste, sustainable packaging, nutrition, food safety, modernising traditional foods and digital technologies.

A good research project should not always end as a research paper. Where appropriate, research should be supported to move on to products, technologies, enterprises and community solutions. That needs stronger partnerships between universities and industry, along with mentoring, research funding, business support and market connections. If young researchers and entrepreneurs can turn their ideas into viable food innovations, both consumers and producers will benefit.

A pathway designed for Sri Lanka

We do not need to copy food-system models from other countries. We can build a pathway that suits our own resources, culture and needs. It would bring together local resources, traditional knowledge, scientific research, appropriate technology and entrepreneurship, with farmers, fishers, universities, research institutions, food industries, entrepreneurs and policymakers working side by side.

The goal goes beyond selling raw materials. We need to create more value, reduce waste, improve nutrition, generate jobs and strengthen rural livelihoods. This matters especially for small and medium-scale food enterprises, which can drive local economic development when they get the right technical, financial and market support.

The choices we make today

The food future will not create itself. It will be shaped by what we grow, what we research, what we process, what we consume and what we choose not to waste.

So, the question for World Food Day 2026 is this: what can we do today so that every Sri Lankan has safe, nutritious, affordable and sustainable food tomorrow?

The answers are already around us, in our farms, fisheries, food businesses, universities, laboratories and communities. We have the resources, the traditional knowledge, the scientific expertise and talented young people. What we need now is to connect them and act.

A better food future begins with the choices we make today.

Dr. Kaushalya Wijayasekara

Senior Lecturer, Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Ruhuna

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20th Anniversary of Digampathana blast – the day Sri Lanka Navy cried

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Aftermath of the terror attack

By Admiral Ravindra C Wijegunaratne
WV, RWP and Bar, RSP, VSV, USP, NI (M) (Pakistan), ndc, psn, Bsc
(Hons) (War Studies) (Karachi) MPhil (Madras)
Former Navy Commander and Former Chief of Defence Staff
Former Chairman, Trincomalee Petroleum Terminals Ltd
Former Managing Director Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Former High Commissioner to Pakistan

The Digampathana suicide truck attack on 16th October 2006 remains the deadliest single strike in Sri Lanka Navy history, leaving scars that time cannot erase.

It was a seemingly ordinary Monday morning on 16 October 2006, but the calm of that day would soon be shattered in a way none of us could have imagined. As the Commandant of the Naval and Maritime Academy and Flag Officer Commanding Naval Fleet at Trincomalee, I was aware that a number of my cadets were travelling that morning, part of a convoy of fifteen buses carrying naval personnel from Trincomalee, Colombo, and other bases, heading toward Dambulla to rendezvous with another group. The convoy also included trucks and escort vehicles, a routine movement planned and coordinated with the army to ensure the roads were clear. The morning started quietly. Some personnel greeted friends, handed over their weapons, or strolled to a nearby tea shop. It all seemed so ordinary—too ordinary for what would come next.

Sri Lanka Navy sunk LTTE Ships carrying arms, ammunition and warlike materials thousand miles away from Sri Lanka in Indian Ocean in September and October 2007.

By late morning, both convoys had reached the small ground at Digampathana, near the Sigiriya junction, and personnel mingled briefly, unaware that a carefully orchestrated act of terror was waiting. Then, suddenly, an empty half-truck veered directly into the convoy. It exploded with a ferocity I can still recall as if it were yesterday. Nuts, bolts, and high explosives tore through the air. Pandemonium erupted instantly. I later learned that 107 of our naval personnel were killed on the spot and another 153 critically injured. The scene was indescribable—bodies scattered, vehicles mangled, personal effects strewn across the ground. I remember later hearing that the head of the suicide bomber was recovered more than 100 meters away from the blast, a grim testament to the sheer force of the explosion.

I was in my office at the Naval and Maritime Academy when my mobile phone rang. A young midshipman from the 21st intake called, his voice trembling: “Sir, there was a huge explosion at the convoy point! Many are dead … my batch mate Wijesundara is among them.” I immediately jumped into my jeep with my escort Chief Petty Officer and driver and rushed to Digampathana, relying on every ounce of my driving skill to reach the scene. The journey, which usually took little more than an hour, felt endless that day, each passing mile weighed down by dread.

When I arrived, I was confronted with a sight that no training can prepare you for. The injured were being rushed to Dambulla Hospital, where doctors and nurses worked tirelessly, improvising in ways that saved lives despite the overwhelming chaos. I went back to the site after visiting the hospital. The remains of our naval personnel were scattered across the ground, and someone had begun collecting weapons and protective gear. I immediately contacted Surgeon Rear Admiral Nico Jayasekara and received his instructions: collect all body parts in separate bags and transport them to the Trincomalee Naval Hospital mortuary. This gruesome work had to be done with care and dignity, and it filled the icebox in my vehicle. Through DNA testing initiated by Rear Admiral Nico, we were able to identify every naval personnel lost that day, bringing some closure to grieving families.

The Navy Commander at the time, Vice Admiral Wasantha Karannagoda, was devastated. I had worked closely with him and knew how deeply he cared for his men. He ensured that the fallen were honoured with full ceremonial naval funerals at Welisara Naval Base, attended by families and comrades. Sixty-seven funerals were conducted in a single day—a number that still haunts me.

The Digampathana attack remains the largest single loss of naval life in our history. It was a day of sorrow, but also a day that reinforced our resolve. The tragedy galvanized the Navy to target the LTTE Sea Tiger wing with renewed determination and reshaped our maritime operations forever. Every time I think of that day, I remember not just the lives lost, but the courage, professionalism, and dedication of those who survived, those who treated the injured, and those who ensured the fallen were honored properly. May the souls of our naval hero’s rest in peace, their sacrifice guiding us and inspiring generations of naval personnel to come.

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‘Murder at Whitby Abbey’

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Tales of Mystery and Suspense – 24

I was intrigued by the title of a book I found in a book drop at the condominium of a friend, Murder at Whitby Abbey, and I brought it home with me though I will not be able to return it in the near future. It was described on the cover page as ‘a standout in the crowded medieval mystery field’, though I fear I do not know of other books in this field, apart from the Cadfael series, which I have dealt with earlier.

The book, by Cassandra Clark, is set during the reign of Richard II and has as a backdrop his precarious position, which led to his being replaced, and murdered, by his cousin Henry, who reigned as Henry IV. It is a gloomy book, the action taking place in the twelve days of Christmas leading up to the Epiphany. And the gloom is pervasive, even though this is supposed to be a time of festivity, with mummers performing, and many of those in the guest house where the heroine stays going to town to enjoy themselves, with much drinking and much music, which also fills the guesthouse.

The heroine Hildegarde is a nun, sent to try to acquire a relic being sold by Whitby Abbey, though this was also a penance set by the Abbot of the monastery that governed her abbess because she had had sex with a man. Soon after she and her companions reach the Abbey set high on a cliff, she finds that there are other bidders, and soon suspects that the hierarchy, not perhaps the Abbot who seems a weakling, but his rapacious bursar, is determined to make money, and not above creating false relics to sell to several aspirants.

After Hildegarde and her Cistercian companions – Whitby is a Benedictine Foundation – two monks, Gregory and Egbert, and a young priest Mark, reach the abbey, they find that Aelwyn, a monk they had met on their way to the guesthouse had died. This was in the apple store, and they realize, when they find the surplices of novices stuffed into the air vents, that he had been left to suffocate in the overwhelming scent of apples.

Clark

The Cistercians are asked to look into the death, perhaps because they are likely to get no cooperation from the Abbey folk, but perhaps because those in charge are keen to know what happened. And the infirmarer, an old monk, suggests Hildegarde talk to a man called Edred who worked for the bursar, and had been a friend of Aelwyn’s. But Edred too is killed, before he can keep an appointment he had made with Hildegarde, drowned in a pool near the farmhouse of the Abbey.

Meanwhile tensions arise between the fisherfolk and the abbey for the bursar wants to charge them for using the beach that technically belongs to the abbey to dry their fish and their nets. This leads to physical battles, when the guards used by the abbey, under the command it seems of the bursar whose determination to make money is not resisted by the abbot and the prior, try to storm the area where the fishermen live.

Hildegard finds out more about what had happened through two youngsters, one of whom Torold is the son of Aelwyn by a woman who worked as a prostitute for a cartel, and with whom Mark fell in love. The other works on the farm and had seen Edred meet someone near the pool, after which that someone left the place by himself. And the boy had also found in the pool a sort of dagger with the seal of the abbey.

He and his dog, and Torold who follows her, rescue Hildegarde from a man at arms who has waylaid her and tries to rape her earlier. Escaping into the abbey she was nearly been raped then by the bursar, but she managed to escape, in the process setting fire to him and the muniments room, which led, when he was rescued, to the discovery of a box with the money he said had been stolen, blame being cast on both Aelwyn and Edred.

Matters come to a head when the fisherfolk try to storm the abbey, being resisted by the men at arms stationed on the towers. But then Hildegarde realizes that behind the murders was the bursar’s clerk, whom she pursued to the cathedral. There is great drama then as she escapes from him when he tries to kill her, and then from the man at arms who had tried to both rape and kill her, but they both fall from the scaffolding she had climbed, the latter coming from a tower where he had been stationed.

Both of them think they run the rapacity of the abbey, the latter claiming to work for the nobles opposed to Richard, who is presented throughout the book as devoted to his subjects, not to power or money. But though the villains die, the bursar continues, having got over the hysteria the fire had caused and his acknowledgment then of guilt – and though the abbot and the prior seem less vicious, whether they will be able to assert themselves is questionable.

Before the climax, when the others in the guesthouse were leaving, Hildegarde found that two of them were in possession of the relic, for which they seem to have paid well. Hildegarde herself had made a derisory offer, but before she leaves the abbot gives her the relic, perhaps in gratitude for what she and her fellow Cistercians had discovered, the abbey having made as much money as it needed and more from the gullible other buyers.

Mark’s inamorata is saved from the stews because she moves in with Edred’s widow whom the bursar had thrown out of the rooms he occupied when her husband was found dead. Hildegarde had paid for lodgings, in a house run by the man who ran the brothels, but he had a kindly side and was going to finance them to make nets for the fishermen.

So, the Cistercians set off for their home as swiftly as they can to get there on the day of the Epiphany, having stopped en route to pray for King Richard whose birthday it was.

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