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Private education has grown faster in South Asia than in other regions – UNESCO

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A new UNESCO Report released last week (Nov 2) shows that non-state actors in South Asia are more involved in every aspect of education systems than in any other world region. Highly competitive examination pressures and dissatisfaction with public schools led to the highest levels of enrolment in private institutions in primary and secondary education than in other regions, but also to extensive private tutoring and an explosion of education technology companies.

With fragmented systems stretched during the pandemic, and evidence of a shift of students from private to public schools, the report calls for a review of existing regulations on non-state actors and how they are enforced. While access to education has grown faster than in any other region in the past few decades in South Asia, learning levels are more than one third below the global average and growing more slowly than in the rest of the world. It recommends that all state and non-state education activities be viewed as part of one system, supported and coordinated ministries of education so that quality and equity can be improved.

The report draws on the global comparative research by the Global Education Monitoring Report at UNESCO and six regional partners: BRAC; the Institute for Integrated Development Studies; theInstitute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka; Idara-E-Taleem Oaagahi(Centre of Education and Consciousness); the Center for Policy Research; and the Central Square Foundation. Combining the experiences of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, it looks at occasions where the growing advent of private education has put equity under pressure but also at positive practices that have created cohesion across all actors involved.

Non-state actors are influential across all education levels in the region. In early childhood, the private sector is often the main provider, educating 93% of children in the Islamic Republic of Iran, for instance. At the primary level, private schools educate a quarter of students in Nepal, over a third in Pakistan and almost half in India. Low-fee private schools have flourished. Out of all new schools established in India since 2014, 7 in 10 are private independent schools. In Bangladesh, a quarter of primary and almost all secondary school enrolment is in private institutions. International schools have grown alongside the demand for English-language education, effectively doubling in Sri Lanka between 2012 and 2019.

Tertiary education is increasingly private due to insufficient public supply, covering over half of enrolment in Afghanistan by 2020. In Nepal, the limited capacity of the main public university in the country led to the establishment of non-state campuses. Teacher training institutions are also often private with teacher education only provided exclusively by the state in two countries, Bhutan and the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 2020, more than 90% of recognized pre-service teacher education institutions in India were privately funded through student fees.

Competitive education systems and labour markets have led to a surge in private tutoring, putting pressure on household finances. In Sri Lanka, the percentage of households spending on private tutoring increased between 1995 and 2016 from 41% to 65% of urban households and from 19% to 62% of rural households; it increased in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2010 from 28% to 54% in rural areas and from 48% to 67% in urban areas. The popularity of private tutoring has led to a rise of coaching centres; in India, their number may run into the hundreds of thousands.



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Low-quality coal causes power cuts: Ex-LECO Chief

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Chandrasekera

By Shamindra Ferdinando

The use of low quality coal, over a period of time, had led to the developing crisis at the Lakvijaya Coal Power Plant (LVPP) at Norochcholai that compelled the boastful NPP government to implement power cuts, former Lanka Electricity Company (Private) Limited (LECO) Chairman Bandula Chandrasekera said yesterday.

The government imposed one-hour countrywide power cuts on 19 Oct.

Chandrasekera, now a consumer rights activist, warned that though the government declared the power cuts would be limited to three days, the situation could take a turn for the worse.

The top United Republican Front (URF) activist said so in response to the government’s claim that Saturday’s sudden drop in electricity generation at the country’s only coal-fired power plant hadn’t been caused by the quality issue of coal.

The former LEOCO Chief emphasised that the country was paying a very heavy price for the controversial procurement of low-quality coal for the 2025/2026 season.

“Procurement of low quality coal is not an allegation. It has been accepted by a seven-member committee, headed by K. L. R. C. Wijayasinghe, Additional Secretary, Energy Ministry, appointed by Parliament,” Chandrasekera said, pointing out that the government was trying to mislead the public into believing that the use of coal supplied by Trident Chemphar wasn’t the cause of the current power crisis.

The expert committee that investigated the coal scam had disclosed losses caused by substandard coal, Chandrasekera said, adding that the total losses/damages could be as much as Rs 20 bn.

Trouble erupted in Dec, 2025 when LVPP began using coal purchased from the new supplier, whose selection was challenged by the Auditor General in a special report submitted to Parliament, in April this year, he said.

Since the government entered into a deal with the Indian company, LVPP has so far received 19 ship loads of coal. An investigation conducted on the orders of the Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) revealed that the use of low-quality coal had had a detrimental impact on the LVPP.

The Frontline Socialist Party (FSP) exposed the corrupt deal in Sept. 2025. The NPP run Parliament ignored the disclosure made by the JVP breakaway faction.

Chandrasekera said that the Committee asserted that it would cost approximately Rs 80 mn to restore the LVPP to the previous status. Responding to The Island queries, Chandrasekera emphasised the country couldn’t meet the power requirement unless the LVPP operates without hindrance. Those who had been, for whatever reason, switched to South African coal provided by the Indian supplier should be held accountable and punished, Chandrasekera said, recalling how the NPP parliamentary group defeated the no-confidence motion moved against the then Power Minister Kumara Jayakody, who later quit, as the enormity of the scam and its repercussions shook the government.

Chandrasekera said that the government couldn’t maintain services though the powers that be intended to meet the power deficit with the help of hydropower generated by the Victoria power station. The ex-official underscored the need to inquire into the failure of the authorities to implement the backup plan last Saturday. Had Victoria met the requirement, last Saturday’s countrywide power failure, that lasted from 11.43 am to 11 pm could have been averted, Chandrasekera said.

He also questioned the controversial government decision to disconnect solar power over the weekend as the absence of solar generation obviously aggravated the problem. Chandrasekera emphasised that the latest countrywide power outage exposed the government whose basic strategy was to blame everything on the Opposition.

“We sincerely hope the Presidential Commission inquiring into the coal scams also looks into the situation developing at LVPP due to the use of substandard coal. According to him, the loss caused by the recent outage was estimated to be around Rs 16 bn and the crisis could not be addressed by propaganda campaigns, especially on social media. But, if other factors, including the expenditure on hydro and thermal generation were taken into consideration, the losses could be as much as Rs 20 bn.

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Power cuts continue

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Power cuts continued across the country yesterday and are expected to continue today following the shutdown of all three generating units at the Lakvijaya Power Plant in Norochcholai.

The Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) said approval had been granted on Monday (19) following a request by the National System Operator (NSO) to impose scheduled power cuts.

Accordingly, one-hour power cuts were scheduled between 4.30 p.m. and 9.00 p.m., with the country divided into four zones. Hospitals and locations providing essential services were exempted.

The three Norochcholai generating units remain out of operation following the countrywide power failure last Saturday, prompting the NSO to introduce daily power cuts to manage the available electricity supply.

NSO Chief Executive Officer Buddhika Samarasekara said the power cuts would be necessary yesterday and today (21).

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GL stresses importance of post-war Shangri-La investment after CIABOC questions him

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Prof. G. L. Peiris

By Shamindra Ferdinando

Prof. G. L. Peiris yesterday said he had not been concerned at all about being arrested when the Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC) summoned him to record a statement regarding an ongoing investigation.

Addressing the media outside the CIABOC, the former External Affairs Minister emphasised that his family had never taken anything from people but contributed to their welfare. The internationally renowned academic said that he didn’t accept lucrative opportunities abroad but remained committed to do whatever possible for the public here.

The CIABOC questioned Prof. Peiris on the launch of the Shangri-La Hotel project here. The Convener of the Janathawadi Joint Opposition said that when the top management of the hotel got in touch with

him, he had brought the matter to the notice of the then President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who promptly gave the go ahead.

Shangri-La was opened in Nov. 2017 with the participation of the then President Maithripala Sirisena and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe.

Prof. Peiris said that he had been appointed External Affairs Minister nearly a year after the successful conclusion of the war against the LTTE in May 2009. Shangri-La, which owned over 100 hotels at that time, was keen to explore the possibility of opening a hotel here and the government had swiftly grabbed the opportunity. Referring to the opening of ITC Ratnadeepa, in late April 2024, Prof. Peiris explained the importance of foreign investment, particularly after the end of the 30-year war that caused massive devastation.

Responding to media queries, Prof. Peiris said that he strongly opposed efforts to silence political opponents but accepted the need to investigate waste, corruption and irregularities. “People shouldn’t be targeted over their political stand,” the ex-lawmaker said, adding that he as the Minister tasked with attracting such special investments worked in line with the overall government policy.

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