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Private education has grown faster in South Asia than in other regions – UNESCO
A new UNESCO Report released last week (Nov 2) shows that non-state actors in South Asia are more involved in every aspect of education systems than in any other world region. Highly competitive examination pressures and dissatisfaction with public schools led to the highest levels of enrolment in private institutions in primary and secondary education than in other regions, but also to extensive private tutoring and an explosion of education technology companies.
With fragmented systems stretched during the pandemic, and evidence of a shift of students from private to public schools, the report calls for a review of existing regulations on non-state actors and how they are enforced. While access to education has grown faster than in any other region in the past few decades in South Asia, learning levels are more than one third below the global average and growing more slowly than in the rest of the world. It recommends that all state and non-state education activities be viewed as part of one system, supported and coordinated ministries of education so that quality and equity can be improved.
The report draws on the global comparative research by the Global Education Monitoring Report at UNESCO and six regional partners: BRAC; the Institute for Integrated Development Studies; theInstitute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka; Idara-E-Taleem Oaagahi(Centre of Education and Consciousness); the Center for Policy Research; and the Central Square Foundation. Combining the experiences of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, it looks at occasions where the growing advent of private education has put equity under pressure but also at positive practices that have created cohesion across all actors involved.
Non-state actors are influential across all education levels in the region. In early childhood, the private sector is often the main provider, educating 93% of children in the Islamic Republic of Iran, for instance. At the primary level, private schools educate a quarter of students in Nepal, over a third in Pakistan and almost half in India. Low-fee private schools have flourished. Out of all new schools established in India since 2014, 7 in 10 are private independent schools. In Bangladesh, a quarter of primary and almost all secondary school enrolment is in private institutions. International schools have grown alongside the demand for English-language education, effectively doubling in Sri Lanka between 2012 and 2019.
Tertiary education is increasingly private due to insufficient public supply, covering over half of enrolment in Afghanistan by 2020. In Nepal, the limited capacity of the main public university in the country led to the establishment of non-state campuses. Teacher training institutions are also often private with teacher education only provided exclusively by the state in two countries, Bhutan and the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 2020, more than 90% of recognized pre-service teacher education institutions in India were privately funded through student fees.
Competitive education systems and labour markets have led to a surge in private tutoring, putting pressure on household finances. In Sri Lanka, the percentage of households spending on private tutoring increased between 1995 and 2016 from 41% to 65% of urban households and from 19% to 62% of rural households; it increased in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2010 from 28% to 54% in rural areas and from 48% to 67% in urban areas. The popularity of private tutoring has led to a rise of coaching centres; in India, their number may run into the hundreds of thousands.
News
Merchant Shipping Secretariat probes bribery scandal
… bribe giver departs Colombo port
The Merchant Shipping Secretariat (MSS) is investigating a complaint received from the Captain of an Indonesian flagged vessel Sensho that he had to pay an official USD 5,000 bribe to facilitate what our sources called port state control inspection.
Sources said that the cement carrier arrived at the Colombo Port, on Friday, and departed after having passed the rigorous inspection. Responding to queries, sources said that after paying the bribe, the vessel’s Captain has lodged complaints with MSS and the Commission to Investigate Allegation of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC).
In spite of the government’s high profile anti-corruption drive there seemed to be fresh cases, sources said, adding that MSS had received a comprehensive complaint. The vessel had departed Colombo for Jeddah, sources said.
“The issue at hand is whether there have been unreported cases of MSS personnel receiving bribes,” sources said, acknowledging that the Captain, instead of immediately bringing the demand for USD 5,000 bribe to the MSS, had paid it and departed Colombo. (SF)
News
Theft of USD 2.5 mn: Dinana Dakuna claims COPF trying to protect mastermind
An opposition political group, styled as Dinana Dakuna, has accused the Committee of Public Finance (COPF) of protecting the masterminds behind the USD 2.5 mn theft from the Treasury.
Commenting on the recent COPF report on the theft, the group has alleged that the all-party parliamentary grouping made an attempt to shift the blame to the Central Bank as part of a cover-up. It has described the COPF report as a deliberate attempt to suppress the truth.
The group said that the COPF conveniently asserted that the theft took place due to the inexperience of officers concerned, thereby diverting the attention from those who perpetrated it.
An alleged attempt to portray the collapse of the administrative set-up that led to the USD 2.5 mn theft as a human resource problem, has also been questioned by Dinana Dakuna.
News
COPF chief slams security sticker scam
The country was losing so much revenue due to the controversial liquor bottle security sticker scam that if tangible measures were taken to stop the fraud, they could fund about eight projects on the scale of the Suwaseriya ambulance service, Chairman of the Committee on Public Finance (COPF) and Colombo District MP Dr. Harsha de Silva said on Saturday.
Addressing the media in Colombo, Dr. de Silva described the security sticker, introduced for alcoholic beverages, as a “major scam” and called on the government to act responsibly when the current tender is renewed in 2027.
The former State Minister said the security sticker system had originally been introduced with the legitimate objective of improving tax compliance and preventing excise duty evasion in the liquor industry. However, he alleged that the manner in which the programme is currently being implemented was resulting in significant losses to the State.
According to Dr. de Silva, the government pays an Indian company US$8 for the digital printing of every 1,000 security stickers, although the actual cost of printing the same quantity is only about 12 US cents.
“The money being lost through this scheme is sufficient to finance around eight Suwaseriya-type projects,” he said, highlighting, what he described as, the excessive cost burden borne by the State.
Dr. de Silva noted that the high taxes imposed on alcoholic beverages had created incentives for manufacturers, distributors and liquor outlet owners to evade taxes, making a security sticker mechanism a necessary regulatory tool.
He said the proposal to introduce security stickers was first put forward during the Yahapalana administration in 2016.
The tender process commenced in 2017, was concluded in 2018 and the system was eventually implemented in 2023. The COPF Chairman said his Committee had recently undertaken an extensive review of excise revenue and the operation of the security sticker programme.
During the inquiry, it emerged that the Excise Department still lacked a computerised system capable of recording and managing data, related to the stickers, despite their importance to government revenue collection.
Dr. de Silva further said that Excise Department officials, who appeared before the Committee on Public Finance, had maintained that no fraud was taking place in relation to the sticker programme.
However, he expressed concern over the subsequent seizure of a stock of security stickers, in Malabe, only days after those assurances had been given.
He questioned whether stickers recovered during raids were genuine labels, legally obtained from the authorised supplier, or counterfeit versions, printed illegally, arguing that either possibility pointed to serious shortcomings in a system intended to guarantee security and traceability.
Dr. de Silva also referred to media reports concerning the company awarded the security sticker tender and allegations of fraudulent activities linked to the firm in several other countries.
He urged authorities to ensure greater transparency and accountability in the management of the programme and to carefully scrutinise the tender process when it comes up for renewal next year.
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