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Private education has grown faster in South Asia than in other regions – UNESCO
A new UNESCO Report released last week (Nov 2) shows that non-state actors in South Asia are more involved in every aspect of education systems than in any other world region. Highly competitive examination pressures and dissatisfaction with public schools led to the highest levels of enrolment in private institutions in primary and secondary education than in other regions, but also to extensive private tutoring and an explosion of education technology companies.
With fragmented systems stretched during the pandemic, and evidence of a shift of students from private to public schools, the report calls for a review of existing regulations on non-state actors and how they are enforced. While access to education has grown faster than in any other region in the past few decades in South Asia, learning levels are more than one third below the global average and growing more slowly than in the rest of the world. It recommends that all state and non-state education activities be viewed as part of one system, supported and coordinated ministries of education so that quality and equity can be improved.
The report draws on the global comparative research by the Global Education Monitoring Report at UNESCO and six regional partners: BRAC; the Institute for Integrated Development Studies; theInstitute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka; Idara-E-Taleem Oaagahi(Centre of Education and Consciousness); the Center for Policy Research; and the Central Square Foundation. Combining the experiences of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, it looks at occasions where the growing advent of private education has put equity under pressure but also at positive practices that have created cohesion across all actors involved.
Non-state actors are influential across all education levels in the region. In early childhood, the private sector is often the main provider, educating 93% of children in the Islamic Republic of Iran, for instance. At the primary level, private schools educate a quarter of students in Nepal, over a third in Pakistan and almost half in India. Low-fee private schools have flourished. Out of all new schools established in India since 2014, 7 in 10 are private independent schools. In Bangladesh, a quarter of primary and almost all secondary school enrolment is in private institutions. International schools have grown alongside the demand for English-language education, effectively doubling in Sri Lanka between 2012 and 2019.
Tertiary education is increasingly private due to insufficient public supply, covering over half of enrolment in Afghanistan by 2020. In Nepal, the limited capacity of the main public university in the country led to the establishment of non-state campuses. Teacher training institutions are also often private with teacher education only provided exclusively by the state in two countries, Bhutan and the Islamic Republic of Iran. In 2020, more than 90% of recognized pre-service teacher education institutions in India were privately funded through student fees.
Competitive education systems and labour markets have led to a surge in private tutoring, putting pressure on household finances. In Sri Lanka, the percentage of households spending on private tutoring increased between 1995 and 2016 from 41% to 65% of urban households and from 19% to 62% of rural households; it increased in Bangladesh between 2000 and 2010 from 28% to 54% in rural areas and from 48% to 67% in urban areas. The popularity of private tutoring has led to a rise of coaching centres; in India, their number may run into the hundreds of thousands.
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Sun directly overhead Pallawarayankaddu, Akkarayankulam, Ariviyal Nagar, Puthukkudiyiruppu, Ananthapuram at about 12.11 noon today (29)
The sun is going to be directly over the latitudes of Sri Lanka from 28th of August to 07th of September due to its apparent southward relative motion.
The nearest places of Sri Lanka over which the sun is overhead today (29) are Pallawarayankaddu, Akkarayankulam, Ariviyal Nagar, Puthukkudiyiruppu, Ananthapuram about 12.11 noon.
News
FSP fires fresh salvo at Govt.
Development officers to launch countrywide protest over pay, unfulfilled Govt. pledge
Development officers in the State and Provincial Public Services are to stage countrywide protests on Monday (31), demanding action on their longstanding salary grievances and the immediate release of a Cabinet paper the Government has repeatedly said was prepared to address their concerns.
The protest, organised by the Trade Union Alliance of Development Officers in the State and Provincial Public Services, will be held from noon to 1 p.m. across the country, alliance General Secretary Dhammmika Munasinghe said yesterday.
The alliance is led by the Frontline Socialist Party (FSP), a political group that emerged as a splinter from the JVP.
Munasinghe said the Government had informed Parliament in June that a Cabinet paper had been prepared to resolve the issues faced by development officers. However, despite several months having passed, the document had not been made public.
“We are asking the Government to make these Cabinet papers public. If the Government wants to stop these protests, it should not put unnecessary labels on us. It should clearly present the measures it intends to take,” he said.
He also challenged Government claims that public servants had already received a significant salary increase, saying the increase being implemented from 2025 to 2027 was insufficient to meet the rising cost of living.
According to Munasinghe, the Government was repeatedly highlighting the salary revision through the Presidential Media Division, Cabinet spokesperson, Ministers and MPs while failing to acknowledge the impact of higher taxes and the rising prices of essential goods.
He said a recent international comparison, based on data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and International Labour Organization (ILO), had placed Sri Lanka 120th among 130 countries in terms of wages.
“This makes the real situation behind the claims of a salary increase clear,” he said.
Munasinghe said workers were facing an increasing tax burden, with higher taxes imposed on essential items, including food, medicines and medical equipment. At the same time, the cost of living continued to rise, while fuel prices had been increased six times this year, he claimed.
Against this backdrop, he argued that the salary increases announced by the Government were inadequate in real terms.
He also questioned why public servants and other workers were not being given a mechanism to compensate for rising fuel prices, similar to what he claimed had been provided to Parliamentarians through adjustments to their privileges.
“If fuel adjustments can be given to MPs and Ministers, why can’t the same relief be given to public servants, private-sector employees, fishermen and farmers?” he asked.
Munasinghe said there were mechanisms for adjusting fuel prices and electricity tariffs, but no comparable formula existed to automatically adjust salaries in line with the rising cost of living.
He also pointed to changes in deductions affecting public servants, saying the contribution to the Widows’ and Orphans’ Pension (W&OP) scheme had increased from six to eight percent alongside the salary revisions.
He said such deductions and other costs should also be taken into account when assessing the actual benefit of the salary increases.
“Do not deceive the people. We tell the Government not to lie and not to mislead the public,” Munasinghe said.
Meanwhile, the trade union alliance has also criticised the reported restrictions on social media use by railway employees, describing the move as an attempt to curtail the right of trade unions to express their views.
Munasinghe said the issue arose after the General Secretary of the Sri Lanka Railway Station Masters’ Union publicly stated that train services had declined by around 50%, largely due to problems with railway maintenance.
He said the statement had been made by a recognised trade union as part of its efforts to highlight problems affecting the railway service.
However, Munasinghe claimed that following the statement, disciplinary action had been initiated against the union official.
He questioned the Government’s approach, pointing out that many of its present Ministers and MPs had previously represented trade unions or spoken out in support of workers’ grievances, while in the Opposition.
He said trade unions should not be prevented from raising issues affecting employees and public services.
The Monday protest will, therefore, serve as a broader expression of dissatisfaction over salaries, rising living costs, taxation and what the alliance describes as restrictions on trade union activity.
Munasinghe said the development officers would continue their campaign until the Government clearly sets out its proposals for resolving their grievances and makes the promised Cabinet paper public.
News
Dengue cases near 95,000 as death toll reaches 72
The number of dengue cases reported in Sri Lanka so far this year has risen to 94,805, with 72 deaths recorded, according to the National Dengue Control Unit.
A total of 9,469 cases have been reported so far in August, following 29,962 cases in July and 21,533 in June.
The Western Province accounts for more than half of the reported cases, with 50,167 patients, or 52.92% of the national total. The Southern Province has recorded 13,823 cases, while 8,624 cases have been reported from the Central Province.
At district level, Gampaha has recorded the highest number of cases at 20,207, followed by Colombo with 18,794.
Kandy has reported 6,913 cases, while Kalutara and Galle have recorded 6,117 and 6,111 cases respectively.
Meanwhile, 76 Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas across the country continue to be classified as high-risk zones for dengue.
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