Features
Whither Meritocracy? Reimagining Grade 5 Scholarship Examination in Sri Lanka – II
(Continued from yesterday)
The 2024 Grade 5 Scholarship Examination data for Paper I reveals stark disparities in performance between upper- and lower-income students, underscoring deep systemic inequities. Upper-income students are disproportionately represented in the highest scoring bands—particularly in the 71–100 range—while lower-income students are heavily concentrated in the mid-to-low bands, especially between 41–60 marks. For instance, only 1.33% of lower-income students scored above 70, compared to 4.32% of upper-income students, indicating that socioeconomic status remains a strong predictor of academic success even in early-stage assessments. These findings echo the patterns observed in Paper II and suggest that early educational disadvantage is both class-based and gendered, with lower-income males particularly underrepresented in scholarship-qualifying bands. The data supports urgent calls for income-sensitive scholarship thresholds, targeted academic interventions in low-income districts, and gender-responsive pedagogy to address these entrenched gaps and promote equitable access to educational opportunity. (See Graph 3)

The data from the 2024 Grade 5 Scholarship Examination reveals a stark and persistent correlation between income level and academic performance, particularly in Paper II. Students from upper-income households are disproportionately represented in the highest scoring bands, with nearly 7% achieving marks between 91 and 100, compared to just 2.48% of lower-income students. This disparity is not merely statistical—it reflects deeper structural inequities in access to quality education, preparatory resources, and supportive learning environments. Lower-income students are heavily concentrated in the middle bands, especially between 41 and 70 marks, suggesting that while they participate widely, their upward mobility within the system is constrained. By the 70-mark threshold, nearly 70% of lower-income students fall below it, whereas only about half of upper-income students do, underscoring the advantage wealth confers in standardised assessments. These findings challenge the notion of meritocracy embedded in the scholarship system and call for urgent reforms such as income-sensitive eligibility thresholds, district-weighted cutoffs, and targeted academic support to ensure that talent is recognised and nurtured equitably across socioeconomic lines (Table 16 accompanying Graph 3, and Graph 4).

The 2015 Grade 5 Scholarship Examination data reveal a stark correlation between income level and academic performance, with higher-income students disproportionately represented in the top score bands, while lower-income students cluster in mid-to-low ranges. This pattern underscores the systemic nature of educational inequality, where socioeconomic status heavily influences access to resources, preparatory support, and learning environments. Fast forward to 2024, and despite policy shifts and digital learning initiatives, the disparities remain entrenched. Although 319,284 students sat for the exam and over 51,000 surpassed the cutoff, estate and rural sectors continued to lag, with urban districts dominating the top achiever lists. The absence of publicly available income-disaggregated frequency graphs in 2024 limits transparency, but district-level data and the volume of appeals suggest persistent inequities. Tuition bans and coaching restrictions introduced in 2024 have yet to demonstrate measurable improvements in equity, and digital access gaps post-COVID may have inadvertently widened the divide. Taken together, the longitudinal comparison between 2015 and 2024 highlights the urgent need for income-sensitive scholarship criteria, district-wise equity audits, and targeted interventions that address the structural barriers faced by marginalised communities. Without these reforms, the scholarship examination risks reinforcing privilege rather than recognising potential.
Reimagining Merit: Socioeconomic Inequities in Sri Lanka’s Grade 5 Scholarship Examination
The Grade 5 Scholarship Examination in Sri Lanka was conceived as a gateway to educational opportunity, designed to identify academic potential and reward merit regardless of background. Yet, the 2024 examination data reveal a troubling deviation from these founding principles. A comprehensive analysis of candidate performance, particularly when disaggregated by socioeconomic status, exposes deep-rooted structural inequities that continue to shape educational outcomes. These findings challenge the notion of a level playing field and call for urgent reforms to ensure that the scholarship system fulfils its promise of equity and inclusion.
At the heart of the issue lies a stark correlation between socioeconomic status and academic performance. Students from upper-income households dominate the highest scoring bands in both Paper I and Paper II, with nearly 7% scoring between 91 and 100 in Paper II, compared to just 2.48% of lower-income students. This disparity is not merely statistical—it reflects the unequal distribution of educational resources, parental support, and enriched learning environments.
Upper-income students benefit from access to private tutoring, digital tools, and academically engaged households, while lower-income students often contend with overcrowded classrooms, limited instructional support, and economic instability. These conditions create a performance gap that is evident even in early-stage assessments, undermining the fairness of a system that purports to reward merit.
The gendered dimension of this disparity further complicates the picture. Lower-income males are particularly underrepresented in scholarship-qualifying bands, suggesting that economic disadvantage intersects with gendered patterns of academic disengagement. This dual burden places them at a significant disadvantage, both in terms of performance and access to future educational opportunities. The data calls for gender-responsive pedagogical strategies that address the specific challenges faced by boys in low-income communities, including targeted mentorship, behavioural support, and inclusive curriculum design.
Despite policy shifts aimed at promoting equity—such as tuition bans and digital learning initiatives—the disparities remain entrenched. The 2024 data show only marginal improvement in the percentage of candidates meeting the cut-off, rising to 16.05% from 15.22% in 2023. However, mean marks have declined, and the percentage of students scoring above 100 has dropped significantly compared to previous years. These mixed results suggest that recent reforms have yet to yield meaningful change. Moreover, the digital divide exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic has likely widened the gap, with rural and estate sectors continuing to lag urban districts in top achiever lists.
A longitudinal comparison with the 2015 examination data underscores the persistence of these inequities. Despite nearly a decade of educational reform, the core issue—socioeconomic disparity—remains largely unaddressed. The absence of publicly available income-disaggregated frequency graphs in 2024 further limits transparency and accountability, making it difficult to assess the true impact of policy interventions. The volume of appeals and the continued dominance of urban districts in scholarship awards suggest that the system continues to favour privilege over potential.
Considering these findings, the scholarship examination must be reimagined to align with its original goals. Reforms should include income-sensitive eligibility thresholds that account for socioeconomic background, district-weighted cut-offs to reflect regional disparities, and targeted academic support for marginalised communities. Additionally, equity audits should be conducted regularly to monitor progress and identify areas for improvement. Without these measures, the examination risks reinforcing existing hierarchies rather than dismantling them.
In conclusion, the Grade 5 Scholarship Examination stands at a pivotal crossroads. The 2024 data underscore a troubling reality: the current definition of merit is deeply entwined with socioeconomic privilege. To genuinely uphold fairness and expand opportunity, the system must undergo a fundamental transformation—one that identifies and cultivates potential across all backgrounds. Superficial adjustments, such as altering the evaluation method, may offer temporary relief but fall short of addressing the structural inequities at the heart of the issue. Without deeper reform, the scholarship risks reinforcing the very disparities it was designed to overcome.
By Professor Amarasiri de Silva
Features
Acid test emerges for US-EU ties
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addressing the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on Tuesday put forward the EU’s viewpoint on current questions in international politics with a clarity, coherence and eloquence that was noteworthy. Essentially, she aimed to leave no one in doubt that a ‘new form of European independence’ had emerged and that European solidarity was at a peak.
These comments emerge against the backdrop of speculation in some international quarters that the Post-World War Two global political and economic order is unraveling. For example, if there was a general tacit presumption that US- Western European ties in particular were more or less rock-solid, that proposition apparently could no longer be taken for granted.
For instance, while US President Donald Trump is on record that he would bring Greenland under US administrative control even by using force against any opposition, if necessary, the EU Commission President was forthright that the EU stood for Greenland’s continued sovereignty and independence.
In fact at the time of writing, small military contingents from France, Germany, Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands are reportedly already in Greenland’s capital of Nook for what are described as limited reconnaissance operations. Such moves acquire added importance in view of a further comment by von der Leyen to the effect that the EU would be acting ‘in full solidarity with Greenland and Denmark’; the latter being the current governing entity of Greenland.
It is also of note that the EU Commission President went on to say that the ‘EU has an unwavering commitment to UK’s independence.’ The immediate backdrop to this observation was a UK decision to hand over administrative control over the strategically important Indian Ocean island of Diego Garcia to Mauritius in the face of opposition by the Trump administration. That is, European unity in the face of present controversial moves by the US with regard to Greenland and other matters of contention is an unshakable ‘given’.
It is probably the fact that some prominent EU members, who also hold membership of NATO, are firmly behind the EU in its current stand-offs with the US that is prompting the view that the Post-World War Two order is beginning to unravel. This is, however, a matter for the future. It will be in the interests of the contending quarters concerned and probably the world to ensure that the present tensions do not degenerate into an armed confrontation which would have implications for world peace.
However, it is quite some time since the Post-World War Two order began to face challenges. Observers need to take their minds back to the Balkan crisis and the subsequent US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq in the immediate Post-Cold War years, for example, to trace the basic historic contours of how the challenges emerged. In the above developments the seeds of global ‘disorder’ were sown.
Such ‘disorder’ was further aggravated by the Russian invasion of Ukraine four years ago. Now it may seem that the world is reaping the proverbial whirlwind. It is relevant to also note that the EU Commission President was on record as pledging to extend material and financial support to Ukraine in its travails.
Currently, the international law and order situation is such that sections of the world cannot be faulted for seeing the Post World War Two international order as relentlessly unraveling, as it were. It will be in the interests of all concerned for negotiated solutions to be found to these global tangles. In fact von der Leyen has committed the EU to finding diplomatic solutions to the issues at hand, including the US-inspired tariff-related squabbles.
Given the apparent helplessness of the UN system, a pre-World War Two situation seems to be unfolding, with those states wielding the most armed might trying to mould international power relations in their favour. In the lead-up to the Second World War, the Hitlerian regime in Germany invaded unopposed one Eastern European country after another as the League of Nations stood idly by. World War Two was the result of the Allied Powers finally jerking themselves out of their complacency and taking on Germany and its allies in a full-blown world war.
However, unlike in the late thirties of the last century, the seeming number one aggressor, which is the US this time around, is not going unchallenged. The EU which has within its fold the foremost of Western democracies has done well to indicate to the US that its power games in Europe are not going unmonitored and unchecked. If the US’ designs to take control of Greenland and Denmark, for instance, are not defeated the world could very well be having on its hands, sooner rather than later, a pre-World War Two type situation.
Ironically, it is the ‘World’s Mightiest Democracy’ which is today allowing itself to be seen as the prime aggressor in the present round of global tensions. In the current confrontations, democratic opinion the world over is obliged to back the EU, since it has emerged as the principal opponent of the US, which is allowing itself to be seen as a fascist power.
Hopefully sane counsel would prevail among the chief antagonists in the present standoff growing, once again, out of uncontainable territorial ambitions. The EU is obliged to lead from the front in resolving the current crisis by diplomatic means since a region-wide armed conflict, for instance, could lead to unbearable ill-consequences for the world.
It does not follow that the UN has no role to play currently. Given the existing power realities within the UN Security Council, the UN cannot be faulted for coming to be seen as helpless in the face of the present tensions. However, it will need to continue with and build on its worldwide development activities since the global South in particular needs them very badly.
The UN needs to strive in the latter directions more than ever before since multi-billionaires are now in the seats of power in the principle state of the global North, the US. As the charity Oxfam has pointed out, such financially all-powerful persons and allied institutions are multiplying virtually incalculably. It follows from these realities that the poor of the world would suffer continuous neglect. The UN would need to redouble its efforts to help these needy sections before widespread poverty leads to hemispheric discontent.
Features
Brighten up your skin …
Hi! This week I’ve come up with tips to brighten up your skin.
* Turmeric and Yoghurt Face Pack:
You will need 01 teaspoon of turmeric powder and 02 tablespoons of fresh yoghurt.
Mix the turmeric and yoghurt into a smooth paste and apply evenly on clean skin. Leave it for 15–20 minutes and then rinse with lukewarm water
Benefits:
Reduces pigmentation, brightens dull skin and fights acne-causing bacteria.
* Lemon and Honey Glow Pack:
Mix 01teaspoon lemon juice and 01 tablespoon honey and apply it gently to the face. Leave for 10–15 minutes and then wash off with cool water.
Benefits:
Lightens dark spots, improves skin tone and deeply moisturises. By the way, use only 01–02 times a week and avoid sun exposure after use.
* Aloe Vera Gel Treatment:
All you need is fresh aloe vera gel which you can extract from an aloe leaf. Apply a thin layer, before bedtime, leave it overnight, and then wash face in the morning.
Benefits:
Repairs damaged skin, lightens pigmentation and adds natural glow.
* Rice Flour and Milk Scrub:
You will need 01 tablespoon rice flour and 02 tablespoons fresh milk.
Mix the rice flour and milk into a thick paste and then massage gently in circular motions. Leave for 10 minutes and then rinse with water.
Benefits:
Removes dead skin cells, improves complexion, and smoothens skin.
* Tomato Pulp Mask:
Apply the tomato pulp directly, leave for 15 minutes, and then rinse with cool water
Benefits:
Controls excess oil, reduces tan, and brightens skin naturally.
Features
Shooting for the stars …
That’s precisely what 25-year-old Hansana Balasuriya has in mind – shooting for the stars – when she was selected to represent Sri Lanka on the international stage at Miss Intercontinental 2025, in Sahl Hasheesh, Egypt.
The grand finale is next Thursday, 29th January, and Hansana is all geared up to make her presence felt in a big way.
Her journey is a testament to her fearless spirit and multifaceted talents … yes, her life is a whirlwind of passion, purpose, and pageantry.
Raised in a family of water babies (Director of The Deep End and Glory Swim Shop), Hansana’s love affair with swimming began in childhood and then she branched out to master the “art of 8 limbs” as a Muay Thai fighter, nailed Karate and Kickboxing (3-time black belt holder), and even threw herself into athletics (literally!), especially throwing events, and netball, as well.
A proud Bishop’s College alumna, Hansana’s leadership skills also shone bright as Senior Choir Leader.
She earned a BA (Hons) in Business Administration from Esoft Metropolitan University, and then the world became her playground.
Before long, modelling and pageantry also came into her scene.
She says she took to part-time modelling, as a hobby, and that led to pageants, grabbing 2nd Runner-up titles at Miss Nature Queen and Miss World Sri Lanka 2025.
When she’s not ruling the stage, or pool, Hansana’s belting tunes with Soul Sounds, Sri Lanka’s largest female ensemble.
What’s more, her artistry extends to drawing, and she loves hitting the open road for long drives, she says.
This water warrior is also on a mission – as Founder of Wave of Safety,
Hansana happens to be the youngest Executive Committee Member of the Sri Lanka Aquatic Sports Union (SLASU) and, as founder of Wave of Safety, she’s spreading water safety awareness and saving lives.
Today is Hansana’s ninth day in Egypt and the itinerary for today, says National Director for Sri Lanka, Brian Kerkoven, is ‘Jeep Safari and Sunset at the Desert.’
And … the all-important day at Miss Intercontinental 2025 is next Thursday, 29th January.
Well, good luck to Hansana.
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