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University Education in the 21st Century

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The basic principles that we should work on include –

a)  Breadth of knowledge in context, not depth that is

essential only for those going on to do research

b) Better communication skills including teaching

skills that will facilitate the sharing of knowledge

c)  Thinking skills that promote innovation and

analysis of different perspectives

d) Social awareness and sensitivity that contributes to

coherent and productive planning and action in the

world of work

———————-

Text of keynote address on ‘The Future of University Education’ delivered by Prof. Rajiva Wijesinha at the Sabaragamuwa Student Symposium, yesterday.

 

It is a pleasure to come back to Sabaragamuwa, and the more so this time as it is after several years. And though I am now old and lazy, and was a bit put out when I was told the text of my presentation was needed in advance, the topic given me, ‘University Education in the 21st Century’ was convenient. For I had been in fact reflecting on the subject, for the posts I now put up daily on what I term my political Facebook Account, that of the Council for Liberal Democracy.

The series that I called ‘Productive Initiatives’, as a contrast to the depressing series I am also writing, about the destruction wrought by J R Jayewardene and his political heirs, also however turned out depressing. For unfortunately most positive initiatives in education in the 20th century were promptly subverted, beginning with Kannangara’s Central Schools which J R Jayewardene soon straitjacketed in monolingualism.

It was the second great educational innovator of the last century, Prof Arjuna Aluwihare, who conceived the idea of Affiliated University Colleges, from which this University springs. He engaged in such innovation because by the eighties it had become clear to many youngsters that the education system was a mess. Though we prided ourselves on our literacy rates, and on providing free education up to university level, it was clear that the quality of the education provided was abysmal as far as many students were concerned and did not help them to gain decent employment.

There were of course many other causes for the radicalization of the young, and the insurgency that burst out at the end of the eighties. But the Youth Commission report that President Premadasa commissioned noted clearly the need to expand opportunities for rural youth. And though the school education system continued a mess, Arjuna Aluwihare as Chairman of the UGC proposed a radical new approach to tertiary education, and set up what were called Affiliated University Colleges, intended to provide a broad education to youngsters, including compulsory English and wider general awareness, instead of concentration on one or more subjects with no effort to relate them to the world of work.

His ideas were not supported by the majority of universities which were happy to continue doing the same thing for a few more decades. The only university which embraced the idea enthusiastically was Sri Jayawardenepura, which had a very dynamic Vice-Chancellor, Prof S B Hettiarachchi. So USJP conducted programmes in five AUCs, including the flagship programme of the AUCs, the English Diploma course.

This was open to students who had not done English at the Advanced Level. Very few schools in fact offered English at that level, so the intake at the three universities which offered English as a Special Subject was largely confined to students from Colombo and Kandy. This meant that only a few students offered English each year at these universities, but the Departments got vast amounts of funding on the grounds that they were producing English teachers for the nation. Given their exclusivity, hardly any of their products went into teaching except at a few elite schools.

I had long complained about restrictions on the study of English at tertiary level, and when I mentioned this to Arjuna he promptly got me involved in his new programme, which I had not known about before. And I believe I have every reason to be proud of what I achieved. One of my brightest colleagues at USJP, where I first returned to the University system, once told me that there was no point in being a teacher unless one’s pupils turned out better than one was oneself. When I look at my students who excel here, and at the Uva Wellassa University, and in the Department of Technical Education and Training, I feel that at least the English programmes I began in the early nineties have succeeded. Those I started later have done less well, but that is another story, once again to do with Ranil Wickremesinghe’s wickedness.

However, while the Science courses that Aluwihare initiated also I believe did well – and full marks again to this university in particular for that – the AUCs and their successors failed in other respects to live up to his vision. For instance the general courses he had thought of, essentially to increase the general knowledge of youngsters woefuly deprived of this in schools, fell into the trap that affected general courses elsewhere. They were stuffed full of specialist knowledge, and did not engage students to think of the realities of the world they lived in. Sri Lankan studies for instance regurgitated what students had learnt in school, without helping students to position Sri Lanka in the modern world. Unfortunately there was no clear understanding of soft skills, which we are now told at every turn is what the Sri Lankan education system fails to inculcate. And no one thought in those distant days of studying what happened elsewhere, of looking for instance at the development of what are called Core courses in American universities.

So where students should have been given first and foremost better communications skills, and the ability to work in teams, they were instead given detailed knowledge of science and history, formulas about systems for the former, catalogues for the latter.

Later, when I joined Sabaragamuwa University, having already been involved in developing curricula for the degree courses it was developing, both for new students and for those who had completed AUC Diplomas, I decided I should study Core courses as they were being developed in the United States where they had first started.

They had developed initially because American schools were not like British ones from which students could proceed to specialize because they had been provided there with soft skills and wider knowledge. American High Schools as they were called provided more basic education and those going on to university needed catch up teaching as to the knowledge and skills better schools provide.

But in the early 19th century there was not too much of this. Later, by the end of the 20th century, the few core subjects introduced a century earlier had to be expanded as the range of skills needed for productive employment in a changing world also expanded. Derek Bok, President of Harvard for many years, led seminal changes to the system, which I was able to study. And though we did not do as well as Harvard, I think the Core courses we started here back in 1997 equipped our students well for the world of work. And I was able to introduce something similar at the Military Academy when we looked after their degree course.

But none of this had a wider provenance. So that is why, a quarter of a century after Prof Aluwihare showed the way, we have the Prime Minister in his budget speech highlighting ‘the need to build a knowledge-based economy, and the need to promote sport, particularly among the young generation. The Prime Minister also points out that education reforms are important to tackle issues especially among unemployed young generation’.

 

I would find this funny, if it were not so tragic. Six years ago, when I wrote to him to say the country needed reforms instead of the elections that had turned into his substitute for action, I drew attention to the need of the following –

a)      A new Universities Act that provides meaningful training that promotes employability free to those who need it, whilst facilitating the establishment of other centres of excellence through private/ public partnerships

b)      A new Education Act that ensures holistic education, with greater stress on skills and competencies that are developed through extra-curricular activities such as Sports and Social Service and Cultural Activities

But of course nothing happened. And if the inaction of the last year is anything to go by, nothing more will happen and instead we will simply hear more and more platitudes about the need for reform.

This is the sadder in that reform would be so easy. I have no regrets personally about having resigned from the post of State Minister of Higher Education five years ago, in time to avoid all taint of Yahapalanaya crookedness and incompetence. But it was sad for the country since those who took over – and indeed had been put on top of me – had no idea about what was required. The last Chairman of the UGC did try, and I am sure the present one will also try. But what the country needs is thoroughgoing reform that is based on general social needs, and that is inconceivable to those stuck in the ivory tower concept which we still cling to, in terms of not 20th century but rather 19th century British models.

The basic principles that we should work on include –

a) Breadth of knowledge in context, not depth that is essential only for those going on to do research

b) Better communication skills including teaching skills that will facilitate the sharing of knowledge

c) Thinking skills that promote innovation and analysis of different perspectives

d) Social awareness and sensitivity that contributes to coherent and productive planning and action in the world of work

Together with these let me draw attention to something that is particularly relevant to what we are concerned with, the research that students have engaged in. I should note though that when I was responsible for preparing a new curriculum for what was a new university, way back in 1997, I was not keen on what was described as a thesis. Not only did I feel that our undergraduates would simply reproduce material culled from others, I also thought that they would not be properly supervised. And though I agreed in the end to what we called a dissertation, I insisted on an oral viva because it was vital to check that students understood what they were presenting.

This may seem excessively cautious, but those were days in which plagiarization was rife in the universities. I recall interviewing someone for a senior position who had no idea of what anything in his master’s thesis meant. His response was that some authority had said this – which the thesis itself had not acknowledged – and I sent a rocket to the Colombo university Vice-Chancellor who was gracious enough to admit their error. He promised that in the future they would insist on an oral test to check on the understanding of the candidate as to what was in the thesis. But whether this happened I do not know, and of course nothing could be done about those masquerading as scholars on the basis of what they had copied.

The oral test was essential, but I am glad Sabaragamuwa has moved further on this and makes students present their research and respond to questions. But I believe too that we should go further, and ensure that research is practical and at undergraduate level oriented towards community development.

This was one of my last proposals when I was Minister, when I suggested to Vice-Chancellors that they should focus all research at undergraduate level on the area in which they were situated. So political science students could for instance look at the work of Grama Niladhari Divisions and Divisional Secretariats, economists could look at enterprises and employment opportunities in the area, sociologists at family structures and welfare statistics, English students at English education, Sinhala students at writing skills amongst students, geography students at water problems – which six years ago I told the then President was one of the greatest problems we had to face, something that thankfully, if six years too late, the current President has acknowledge.

I suggested then to the Vice-Chancellors, who seemed to think this a good idea though they promptly forgot about it after I resigned, that the students of each final year should focus on one administrative division, so that the university could then prepare a comprehensive development plan for that division based on the research of its students. That research would of course have included consultation of the people of the division, consultation that now rarely occurs when development plans are made.

Politicians will of course think this unwarranted interference, but in a context where many politicians can neither think nor plan, there has to be some sensible input. Of course I may be being unfair to politicians in this area, for I had thought of the need for such interventions after much work in the North and East. In those areas what were termed District and Divisional Development Committees had in the period between 2010 and 2014 been entrusted to scoundrels such as Bathiudeen and Hisbullah and Piyasena – and two of them, enthroned then, went on to engage in even greater destruction over the next five years too.

Such individuals would resent academic involvement but I have no doubt sensible politicians would welcome this. Of course the plans prepared by universities would be subject to further discussion, but they would provide a better basis, with greater factual input, and greater input as to what the people want, than any plans prepared by politicians or even any central government agency could have.

So let me leave you with this suggestion, which I hope the Dean and the Faculty will take up, with the support of your new Vice-Chancellor. Focus on a socially productive outcome in your next cycle of research, one that will allow staff and students of the Faculty who are concerned citizens to work together coherently to make things better for the community in which you are situated. That is what the university of the 21st century should make a priority, development with precise knowledge, deeper understanding, and social sensitivity.

 



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UN

Formed in 1945 by the victors of World War II, the main aim of the United Nations was to preserve international peace and security. The UN Charter provides for pacific settlement of disputes between members, and, if the parties fail to settle the dispute by peaceful means, the Security Council may step in, and adopt coercive measures ~ ranging from diplomatic and economic, to the use of armed force.

Coercive measures were seldom applied during the Cold War period, because of liberal use of veto by the United States or the Soviet Union. Post-Cold War, till recently, USA was the only superpower left, so it rampaged unhindered through Iraq, erstwhile Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Yemen, Libya, Syria ~ to mention only some of its misadventures. Former US President Barack Obama succinctly observed: “In the middle of the Cold War, the chances of reaching any consensus had been slim, which is why the UN had stood idle as Soviet tanks rolled into Hungary or US planes dropped napalm on the Vietnamese countryside.

Even after the Cold War, divisions within the Security Council continued to hamstring the UN’s ability to tackle problems. Its member states lacked either the means or the collective will to reconstruct failing states like Somalia, or prevent an ethnic slaughter in places like Sri Lanka” (A Promised Land, 2020). In its early days the UN actively promoted decolonisation, hand holding the eighty colonies that gained independence in the aftermath of WWII. The UN, through its agencies like the FAO, IMF, World Bank and programmes and funds like UNDP and UNICEF actively supported the newly independent countries, helping them tide over food shortages, droughts, medical emergencies, etc.

All countries, developed and undeveloped, are immensely benefited by UN agencies like ILO, ICAO, UNESCO, WHO, UPU, IMF, World Bank etc. as also UN sponsorship of nuclear arms control treaties and environmental initiatives. However, now with the Russian invasion of Ukraine in its fortieth month and the Israeli invasion of Gaza in its twentieth, the failure of the UN to stop hostilities in either case highlights its increasing irrelevance. The ongoing war in Ukraine began in February 2014 when Russia occupied and annexed Crimea from Ukraine and then occupied eastern Donbas region in 2018, followed by a full-blown invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. The Ukraine war has resulted in a refugee crisis for both Russia and Ukraine, as also a million dead and injured on the Russian side and 700,000 dead and injured on the Ukraine side ~ all for a gain of around 113,000 sq.km. of Ukrainian territory by Russia.

The Security Council has been unable to act ~deadlocked by the veto power of Russia. True, the UN General Assembly has debated and condemned the Russian role in the war, but unlike the Security Council, its resolutions are not binding on member states. In the UN session called to mark the third anniversary of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the US twice sided with Russia. Firstly, the US opposed a European-drafted resolution in the General Assembly that condemned Moscow’s actions and supported Ukraine’s territorial integrity. Then, the US sponsored a resolution in the Security Council, which called for an end to the war but contained no criticism of Russia. The ongoing invasion of Gaza strip by Israel since October 2023, has resulted in an unprecedented tragedy; according to official figures of the Gaza Health Ministry, as of 4 June 2025, almost 57,000 people (55,223 Palestinians and 1,706 Israelis) have been killed. The dead include 180 journalists and media workers, 120 academics, and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, which include 179 employees of UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).

Scholars have estimated that 80 percent of Palestinians killed were civilians. A study by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNOHCHR), which verified fatalities from three independent sources, found that seventy per cent of the Palestinians killed in residential buildings were women and children. The Gaza war has led to extreme famine conditions in Gaza Strip, resulting from Israeli airstrikes and the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip, which includes restrictions on humanitarian aid. More than two million Gazans ~ about 95 per cent of Gaza’s population ~ have been displaced, and are categorized as facing acute or catastrophic food insecurity. There are currently no functioning hospitals in Gaza. After the end of the two-month ceasefire with Hamas on 18 March, Israel resumed attacks on Gaza.

According to a U.N. assessment, since then, the Israeli military has dramatically altered the map of the enclave, declaring about 70 per cent of it either a military “red zone” or under evacuation orders, and pushing hundreds of thousands of Palestinians into ever-shrinking pockets. A fortnight ago, the Israeli government approved a plan to expand military operations in the Gaza Strip, which would, eventually, include occupation of the entire Gaza Strip. Israel intends to move Gaza’s civilian population southward “for its own defence,” though forced displacement is a crime under international law. Eyal Zamir, the IDF chief, said: “We will operate in additional areas and destroy all infrastructure ~ above and below ground.”

The Israeli cabinet also ratified a plan to take control of and sharply reduce the distribution of food and lifesaving aid. As of now, Israeli soldiers sometimes fire on crowds assembled to seek food. Images of starving Palestinians scrambling for paltry aid packages, herded in cage-like lines and then coming under fire have caused global outrage. Israel’s actions have the complete backing of the US, which is bankrolling its invasion and providing weapons and intelligence for the genocide of Palestinians. US President Trump seems to have provided the roadmap for the future of the Gaza strip; in a video posted in late-February, President Trump outlined the concept of a plan for the U.S. taking ownership of the Gaza Strip and turning it into the “Riviera of the Middle East.”

The question naturally arises as to what the UN is doing when such egregious violations of its underlying principles are taking place? As early as December 2023, to draw attention to the Gaza crisis, in the first such move in decades, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres invoked Article 99 of the UN Charter; the UNSC failed to act because a US veto blocked a ceasefire resolution, supported by more than 150 countries. Every time the issue came up in the Security Council, similar US vetoes stalled action against Israel. As late as 4 June 2025, the United States has vetoed a United Nations Security Council resolution that called for an immediate, unconditional, and permanent ceasefire in Gaza. Notably, the US was the only country to vote against the measure, while the 14 other members of the Security Council voted in favour.

The dangerous impasse in the UN, is part of a larger problem of incompatibility of 20th century multilateralism and 21st century geopolitics, and quest of a global balance of power, between a West on the defensive, rampant authoritarian powers, and an emerging South, demanding its place at the high table. The world over the UN is perceived to have failed in its objectives ~ even in the US ~ which has strengthened its hegemony through the UN; a Disengaging Entirely from the United Nations Debacle (DEFUND) Act was introduced, in the US Congress in 2023. However, the failure is mostly of the Security Council, which is extrapolated to the entire UN. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres noted that “the U.N. is not the Security Council,” but all U.N. bodies “suffer from the fact that the people look at them and think, ‘Well, but the Security Council has failed us.”

A more correct assessment is that members of the United Nations have failed it ~ while big powers pursue their rivalries through the UN, poorer countries are only interested in the money they can get from the UN and its agencies ~ which is mostly eaten away or spent on unconnected purposes. A quick fix solution could be to abolish the veto in UNSC, or to empower the General Assembly to override a veto in specified circumstances. The second secretary general of the UN, Dag Hammarskjöld, observed that the UN wasn’t designed to take humanity to heaven, but prevent it sliding into hell. Let’s hope it can do that at least, before the flames engulf us. (The Statesman)

(The writer is a retired Principal Chief Commissioner of Income-Tax.)

by DEVENDRA SAKSENA ✍️

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Family bereavement and heavier workload

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Lalith: “In 1978 the Minister of Trade and Shipping Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali appointed me to the Board of Directors of the Ceylon Shipping Corporation.”

(Continued from last week)

Death in the family

In the meantime, in spite of the time spent at conferences and meetings relating to food policy reforms, I saw to it that our regular Tuesday afternoon review meeting with the Minister and Deputy Minister took place. By early 1978 my father’s condition was deteriorating. He was gradually losing interest in food and getting very weak. He was almost 89 years old and the doctors felt that the system was beginning to shut down due to age. Towards late February, he also began in a weak voice sometimes hardly audible, to say, what was for him, very unusual things.

He said he saw a collection of beautiful birds with the most colourful plumage. Sometimes he said that he heard the most beautiful music, and one day he said that he was present at a very pleasant musical show. What was most surprising was that I had never known my father to listen to any music. He showed no interest whatsoever in this area. Neither did he show any interest in birds.

The only interest that he and my mother showed in birds was when men came around occasionally, selling birds, whether they be parrots, mynahs or house sparrows. On many such occasions they used to bargain with the seller on a wholesale price and release the whole lot from captivity.

For months afterwards we saw large numbers of them on our roof and the roofs of surrounding homes. These visions of my father were very unusual and we were wondering whether there was any significance to them, particularly when on some days he referred to “Heavenly” birds. His sunken eyes used to light up at these recollections.

On Tuesday 14th of March we were at our weekly meeting with the Minister and Deputy Minister. There were a number of items to be discussed and by 9 p.m. we had not quite finished. At 9.15 p.m., we were about to finish when I received an urgent telephone call from home to say that my father’s condition had taken a serious turn, and asking me to come immediately. I rather suspected that all was over, and left immediately. The Minister and others were very upset that I was not at home at a time anyone should normally have been there.

As I suspected, I found when I reached home that my father was dead. He had died whilst my mother was feeding him. His eyes had suddenly gone up and that was it. There had been no struggle or pain. He had a serene expression on his face and his body was still warm. I spent a few minutes alone with him in the room.

When I came out of his room, the immediate issue was to contact Dr. Hudson Silva’s cornea bank, because my father was keen that his corneas should be gifted. This was done and soon someone came around with a box packed with ice. Thereafter, we had to discuss funeral arrangements and we decided that it should be on Thursday the 16th. The crematorium had to be booked and we were contemplating this when the Minister Mr. S.B. Herat, the Deputy Minister and some of my colleagues arrived.

The Minister was still upset. In spite of my protests he said he would immediately personally go to the residence of Mr. B. A. Jayasinghe, Colombo’s Municipal Commissioner and ensure that the crematorium was booked. I later found out that when the Minister arrived at Mr. Jayasinghe’s residence he was asleep, and since banging on the gate and tooting the horn brought no response, he had jumped over the wall, banged on the door and woken him.

As I had referred to earlier, the Minister had been a racing motorcyclist during the not too distant past and was still energetic and fit, although some poison administered to him by a political rival, about which I will relate later, had undermined his constitution to an extent. The Minister, one of the most decent human beings I have met, had openly appreciated my work and felt distressed that I had to be in office at 9.15 p.m., when my father passed away.

He was therefore, determined to render whatever assistance that was possible to lighten my load in making the funeral arrangements. He was aware that I was an only child and had no brothers and sisters to share the load. This was the reason for his extraordinary nocturnal adventure of scaling walls. He phoned me later that night and said that the crematorium was booked.

Deputy Minister, the M.P. for Dompe Mr. Saratchandra Rajakaruna, was also very concerned at what had happened. He had to go out of Colombo on a fairly long journey the day after my father’s death. But he came home at about 9.30 p.m. and announced that he had come to stay the whole night. He said “Just get me some coffee and you go to sleep.” My protests were useless. He had come to stay the whole night, and was determined to stay.

He was equally determined that both I and my wife should sleep. My wife and I were packed upstairs to sleep and Mr. Rajakaruna stayed the whole night along with a few of my relations. These gestures of concern and support by both the Minister and the Deputy Minister were appreciated by all who knew what they had done and was a source of solace and comfort to me at a difficult moment.

Director, Shipping Corporation

Things settled down and in late March 1978 the Minister of Trade and Shipping Mr. Lalith Athulathmudali appointed me to the Board of Directors of the Ceylon Shipping Corporation. The former Commander of the Navy, Admiral Rajan Kadirgamar was the Chairman and after his sudden death, Mr. M.L.D. Caspersz of the former Civil Service was appointed Chairman. An important issue we faced during this period was containerization. This also went along with the energetic port development policies of the Minister.

The ordering of vital equipment such as gantry cranes had to go hand in hand with the pace of containerization. In this respect my batch mate in the Civil Service Harsha Wickremasinghe, the Additional Secretary responsible for shipping in the Ministry of Trade and Shipping played a key role. He had developed both a knack for and a degree of specialization in the whole area of port development and shipping.

It is my belief that but for his own vision and his energetic pursuit of the Minister’s policies, we could not have achieved the rapid development that occurred in this sector. The Corporation went in for container vessels and the port of Colombo had gantry cranes before Bombay or Karachi.

In June, Harry Guneratne, an officer very senior in the Sri Lanka Administrative Service and former Controller of Imports and Exports joined the Ministry as Additional Secretary with responsibility for the co-operative sector. This was a strength to me. Harry was responsible and balanced. He also possessed a temper which was very useful at times. On one occasion, he got very angry with a Member of Parliament who was complaining to the Minister about some alleged negligence on his part. More than the content, Harry resented the disparaging tone adopted by the MP and at one stage fixing the MP in a steely gaze said “Remember, I am a public servant. Not a domestic servant.

” It was splendid stuff. His towering six-foot presence added emphasis to his manner. The Ministry at this time had both a Secretary and an Additional Secretary who were six feet tall and well-built, not the best combination for the negotiation of food aid programmes. On the subject of Additional Secretaries, it was interesting that the Ministry never had an Additional Secretary handling Food. The reason for this was, that food was a subject where decisions had to be taken very quickly, if not, sometimes immediately.

Therefore, there was no time for matters to be filtered through another layer. The Food Commissioner and the Secretary had to be on the phone several times a day, and many matters were decided on the phone. We recorded the decisions so reached in our respective files, for the purposes both of record and further reference. If the matter was important enough, I sent across a formal note to the food

Commissioner confirming the conversation and the decisions. Such working arrangements were necessary, because often decisions had to be taken before a market opened the following day, or because you could not risk a Currency fluctuation, or could not idle whilst a master of a vessel containing 10,000 tons of your cargo, had radioed that his ship had broken down in mid-ocean. In such instances, a delayed or a careless decision could lead to financial loss, legal problems or stock problems.

Wheat Tour to the US

In June, the US Wheat Associates, the umbrella organization of wheat farmers enjoying official status with the US Department of Agriculture invited me and a delegation from Sri Lanka for a Wheat Tour of the United States. By this time, most of the urgent deadline-oriented work was successfully completed, and the Minister was keen that we should go. The visit proved both useful and relaxing. We left in July. The team consisted besides me, of Captain Hayward Fernando of the State Flour Milling Corporation, Mr. Ramanathan who headed the Corporation’s laboratory; and Mr. Pulendiran, Deputy Food Commissioner (Imports).

In a near three-week tour we visited Portland, Oregon; Spokane, Washington; Idaho; Lincoln, Nebraska; Kansas; Oklahoma and Washington D.C.

The visit entailed a great deal of travelling and field visits. During the course of our journey, we had discussions with Grain Exporter’s Associations; viewed trading sessions at Grain Exchanges; visited Grain Elevators and bulk wheat loading facilities; went to railway yards and viewed the discharge of wheat from 60 ton box cars which were raised from the ground on a hoist and then tilted in two directions; viewed the discharge of wheat from 300 ton barges; visited grain laboratories, including the well-known DOTY laboratory; saw the operation of feed mills; visited university research laboratories and agriculture faculties.

visited farms and travelled on huge combines whilst harvesting was being done; saw experimental wheat plots; food and nutrition research centres; noodle and pasta making plants; grain marketing research institutes; and circle irrigation methods. We also saw sights that could not be seen in Sri Lanka such as a train with three engines pulling over 112 very large wheat loaded waggons. The waggons kept coming and coming. One thought that one would never see the end of the train. We used to laugh and say that the lead engine must be in the next town, by the time the last waggon passed this town.

The visit also gave us an opportunity to widen our general knowledge and experience. We therefore, whenever possible visited facilities such as museums and planetariums. In Oklahoma, we visited an oil well that had been pumping for 16 years.

The oil was being pumped from over one mile down. As the leader of the team, I had extra duties. I had to make numerous speeches after official lunches and dinners and give several TV and radio interviews. We also met important people such as Governors and Lieutenant Governors of some of the states we visited, as well as others in industry, trade and government. This gave us productive opportunities to talk about Sri Lanka.

We ended our tour in Washington D.C. We had travelled from San Francisco on the West Coast to the capital in the East, taking in some important areas of the mid-west. In Washington too, we had a number of meetings with important organizations such as the US Wheat Associates our hosts and the Flour Millers National Federation. We also had a round of meetings with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Ambassador hosted a lunch in our honour. Whilst in Washington I was able to have lunch with Ambassador Chris Van Hollen, former US Ambassador to Sri Lanka, about whom I had written in an earlier chapter. It was a pleasant and interesting two hours.

On the way back, we were briefly in London, and took the opportunity to visit the Sugar Terminal and see sugar trading being conducted on the floor. We also went to the Baltic Exchange, connected with shipping and freight. Overall, this visit was a tremendous education. I was fortunate that I had this exposure so early in my career as Secretary Food. It deepened my knowledge and gave me new knowledge and insights. Subsequently, when I chaired a tender board to purchase flour and later wheat, I had much greater awareness of quality and other aspects. I knew enough to ask pertinent and relevant questions even on technical matters and insist on proper answers.

Local agents couldn’t fool me with excuses and stories generated in their imaginations. We were also able to obtain information directly from the contacts we had made, including the USDA. This visit proved invaluable for another reason. Prima Singapore was constructing the flour mill in Trincomalee. We in the Food Ministry were on the verge of switching over from flour purchases, about which we knew a great deal, to the purchase of whole wheat for the mill, about which we knew nothing.

(Excerpted from In the Pursuit of Governance, autobiography of MDD Pieris) ✍️

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A personal note

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All my life I have been a family man. So, I have been close to my sister and brother and we enjoyed our growing up years together and remained close throughout. As a husband, father, and grandfather too, I have always found time for my family members even in the amidst my busy days as a parliamentary official and now in retirement make it a point to spend time with my loved ones as much as possible, especially with my son, daughter, their spouses and beloved grandchildren, all girls and now all teenagers.

MY SISTER IRANGANIE & BROTHER PROFESSOR NISSANKA

Both my sister and brother were born in Deniyaya where my father was stationed as the only doctor there. As my father was transferred from time to time to Elpitiya, to Galle and Police Hospital, Colombo, they too moved with our parents. Iranganie was educated at Southlands College, Galle and Ladies’ College, Colombo. She excelled at music and completed her LRSM professional diploma in music.

My sister married D.G. Atukorala from Panadura. He worked at the State Engineering Corporation and ended as its Chairman, after many years of service. They had three children, two sons and a daughter. As a son and daughter migrated to Australia 15 years ago, they persuaded my sister and her husband to join them there. They live in Sydney and the daughter and son who live close by look after their aging parents with absolute dedication and loving care.

My sister is now 94 and brother-in-law 97 and thankfully they are in reasonably good health. As a close-knit family, their elder son who is in Edinburgh keeps in constant touch with the parents. All the children are well educated and are doing exceptionally well in their chosen fields.

My brother was at Royal College and then Medical College. Having passed out of Medical College, he joined Government service for the first few years. He later joined the Physiology Department of the Faculty of Medicine in Colombo. Thereafter he was sent to Edinburgh University for further studies and obtained his doctorate from there.

He also had another important acquisition there when he fell in love and married Alison Alexander, the daughter of the Professor in the same University. They had no children.

He was handpicked by Minister George Rajapaksa, Minister of Health in the Sirimavo Bandaranaike government, to set up the Postgraduate Institute of Medicine as its first director. The PGIM is well regarded even today. A few years later he was chosen to join the World Health Organization (WHO) in New Delhi as its Manpower Director. He had just completed five years there when on an official assignment to Bali in Indonesia, he suffered a fatal heart attack. I was instrumental in getting his body back to Sri Lanka with help from the WHO. He was cremated in Colombo. Our families, especially my son and daughter, miss him very much as he was a tower of strength in our small family and had an outstanding personality.

HUSBAND, FATHER & GRANDFATHER

On 10th January 1962, I married Srima Kodagoda, the daughter of Albert and Margi Perera of Kalyani Road, Colombo-6. I had known Srima for a few years previously, having met her through common friends. The reception took place at the residence of Dr. P. R. Anthonis who had very kindly agreed with my in-laws to have the reception there because of the close friendship between them. My boss Ralph Deraniyagala, Clerk of the House of Representatives and Dr. Anthonis were the attesting witnesses. Our first home was a small two-bedroom apartment down Swarna Road off Havelock Road, belonging to the family of eminent historian Dr. G. C. Mendis.

It was a place with basic amenities, and I remember having to use it as a dining table, a box covered with a tablecloth. We stayed in this house for only a year and then shifted to our present residence 138/1 Havelock Road, Colombo-05. Satyajit Nilkamal, our son was born on November 9, 1962. Regrettably, I was not present at his birth as by then my boss Ralph Deraniyagala had sent me for a three-month assignment to the House of Commons, London, U.K. I was visiting Srima’s cousin Prof. Upali Kuruppu at Cambridge University when I got the wonderful news. Srima was living with my mother and brother Nissanka Seneviratne and his wife Alison at No.200 Havelock Road, Colombo-05 in my absence. I returned to Sri Lanka in May 1963 when my son was six months old Needless to say it was an unforgettable reunion.

Our son Satyajit was educated at Royal College throughout beginning with the Royal Junior School and later Royal College proper. After leaving school when he was under 18, thanks to a family friend Sarath Vidanage, the Royal cricketer, he proceeded to the USA and started his secondary school at a Junior College in San Jose in California. After Junior College, he got admission to the University of Texas in Austin to complete his studies leading to a Bachelor of Engineering Degree which he completed in three years.

I was lucky enough to visit him during his studies, taking time off from my parliamentary trips and paying my way there to visit him. On completion of his studies, I encouraged him to do a Master’s Degree and together we applied to two or three universities. Fortunately for us he received admission to the University of Clemson’s in South California to commence his studies, which led him to graduate in two years’ time with a Master’s Degree in Computer Engineering. On completion he was lucky to gain employment at the House of Representatives in Washington D.C. So coincidentally, father and son commenced work on the same day, June 15, myself at the then House of Representatives

in Sri Lanka and my son at the House of Representatives in the USA, working as an Assistant to the House Information System Department. If he remained with Congress in the USA, he would likely have got his Green Card leading to US Citizenship. Instead, he returned to Sri Lank a year later and was lucky to join Millennium Information Technology Campus at Kotte. He worked there until he retired at the compulsory age of 55. Now he works at Iron One Technologies, started by Ms. Lakmini Wij esundera, incidentally a close friend of my daughter at Ladies College, who has set up a very successful enterprise in Computer Technology and Management, now having branches in many countries abroad.

In January 1995 he married Udeni Wijeratne, a graduate in Tourism Management from the U.K. Coincidentally she is the only daughter of Cuda and Manel Wijeratne. Cuda was my classmate and close friend at Royal College, belonging to the 45 Alumni Group. Sadly, Cuda and Manel passed away some years ago. My son and daughter -in-law have been blessed with two adorable daughters Aleyha ,16 and Taheli ,13, both doing extremely well at Ladies College and intending to do further studies in the U.K.

Our daughter Shanika Anjali was born on 11 April, 1969 and was educated throughout at Ladies College. When she finished her studies, she was fortunate to join the Sri Lanka Institute of Architects (SLIA) for one year. She was admitted to the prestigious Architecture School in New Delhi, India- the School of Planning and Architecture. After three years, on graduation, she returned to Sri Lanka to complete architectural studies and become a qualified architect.

She married old Royalist Malik Wickramanayake, son of Sonny and Nirmalee Wickramanayake from Baddegama, the former running a successful tea firm in Colombo, the latter doing a successful job as a leader in fashion designing and shop owner in Colombo and a clever journalist. Malik was a banker with HSBC and worked many years in Colombo. They are blessed with their only daughter Sehanya who was born on 24 January 2004. When their daughter was only three years old, he was successful in getting employment in Dubai as Manager with HSBC. They spent ten long years in Dubai, U.A.E. and my wife and I had the immense pleasure of visiting them in February each year, when the weather was comfortable.

On their return to Sri Lanka, Malik joined Seylan Bank as a Deputy Manager where he still works. Though my daughter was keen to admit her daughter to Ladies College where, as a young girl she had studied for two years, they finally admitted her to Elizabeth Moir School. She now awaits sitting her Advanced Level Examination in May 2022, before proceeding abroad for higher education.

 by Nihal Seneviratne
Advocate of the Supreme Court
Retired Secretary General of Parliament
(From Memories of 33 years in Parliament) ✍️

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