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The US occupation of the Indian Ocean ‘Zone of Peace’

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Map of Trade in the Indian Ocean 15th-16th century

America’s war of choice on Iran has spread across the Indian Ocean World and maritime Silk Route. Starved of oil and gas South and Southeast Asia’s emerging economies have seen local currencies fall against the ‘exorbitantly privileged’ Petrodollar as public and private debt increased with soaring energy costs.

The US fifth fleet’s occupation and blockade of Indian Ocean trade routes targeting the Strait of Hormuz has shown the importance of the 1971 United Nations (UN) declaration of the ‘Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace’ — for global security and prosperity.

55 years ago the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) led by the world’s first woman head of state, Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Ceylon, declared the Indian Ocean a ‘Zone of Peace’. Resolution 2832 (XXV1) affirmed the vast Indian Ocean together with the airspace above and the subjacent ocean floor for all time a “Zone of Peace”.

The bold resolution by the world’s first woman head of state 55 years ago has never been more relevant: De-militarizing and de-colonizing the Indian Ocean in line with UNGA Resolution 2832 is vital to sustain and deepen the fraying 60-day peace pause between Iran and the United States brokered by Pakistan and Qatar.

The Indian Ocean World’s maritime Silk Route, where Iran, formally Persia sits, was the home of the world’s oldest and wealthiest sea-based trade system. For millennia the Silk Route of the Seas wherein the Straits of Hormuz is an integral part, connected the coastal regions and hinterlands of the Supercontinent of Asia with Africa and Europe– long before the US came into existence across the Atlantic Ocean in the “new world’.

European invaders of the Indian Ocean World fought bloody battles to access, control and colonize Indian Ocean sea lanes from the 17th century onward, much like the US today, which seeks to toll Indian Ocean shipping, wage hybrid economic warfare, and stymie the Asian 21st Century at this time.

Strategic islands and waterways like the Malacca Straits and Hormuz were vital to control of Indian Ocean supply chains and trade routes, in order to access and loot the great wealth of Asian civilizations, particularly, Persia/Iran, India and China.

Indeed, to this day the Indian Ocean remains to be fully de-colonized. Distant water fishing states or non-Indian Ocean countries, France, Spain, Japan, Taiwan PRC etc. are some of the biggest looters of Indian Ocean fishery with industrial trawler fleets according to data from the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Meanwhile littoral states fishery remains underdeveloped and “artisanal’; dependent on Foreign Aid for de-industrialization.

It was hence too that UNGA Resolution 2832 (XXV1) establishing the Indian Ocean Zone of Peace was spearheaded by the world’s first woman head of state, the Socialist Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Ceylon back in 1971 during the Cold War amid great power rivalry between the Soviet Union/Russia and the US.

Ceylon, now Sri Lanka is geo-strategically located at the center of the Indian Ocean World’s trade routes and supply chains. Hence, the county was perpetually in the cross-hairs of big power rivalry, and subject to neocolonial projects; most recently by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which has upended economic sovereignty and Energy policy autonomy in the Eurobond debt-trapped country.

United Nations Mandate and IOZP

The Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a ‘Zone of Peace’ (IOZP), 55 years ago has never been more relevant to global security, growth and decolonization, which are Core Mandates, albeit seemingly forgotten at the UN.

The UNGA IOZP Resolution sought to ensure that the world’s busiest trade routes would be free of foreign bases, militarization, and nuclear weapons during the long Cold War between the US and Soviet Union/Russia. Big power rivalry had undermined development and de-colonization while driving proxy wars in Asia, Africa and South America.

Ceylon’s Sirimavo Bandaranaike was aided by stalwarts of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and Global South: President Julius Kambarage Neyerere of the Republic of Tanzania in the western reach of the Indian Ocean later joined to co-sponsor UN Resolution 2832 (XXVI). It was a time of Afro-Asian, South-South cooperation.

India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Congress Party was a close friend of Ceylon’s Bandaranaike and a supporter of Palestine, unlike the current pro-Israeli Modi regime in New Delhi.

UNGA Resolution 2832 called upon big powers to enter into consultations with the littoral States of the Indian Ocean with a view to halting escalation of their military presence, and to eliminate all bases, military installations and logistical supply facilities, nuclear weapons, and other weapons of mass destruction.

In the context, should not UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres invoke the IOZP at this time to aid and deepen the tenuous peace agreement between Iran and the US? However, Guterres has preferred to focus on twin global ‘polycrisis’ narratives- pandemic health and Anthropocene climate disinformation.

The IOZP Declaration was made when Burma’s U Thant was the highly respected UN Secretary General and Asian Buddhist Principles of Panchaseel (5 principle virtues in Sanskrit), underpinned NAM diplomacy. Indeed, the current UNSG would do well to call on US President Trump to remove the marine environment despoiling US fifth fleet “Armada” led by aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln from the Indian Ocean in order to shore up the fraying peace agreement between Iran and the US at this time.

Prime Minister of Ceylon Sirimavo Bandaranaike speaks at the Belgrade Conference Non-Aligned Movement Archives (Yugoslavia)
TANJUG (Telegraphic Agency of the New Yugoslavia)

Priorities of the next UNSC: Return to Core Mandate amid New Cold War

The current US invasion and occupation of the Indian Ocean, far from America’s shores in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean in order to blockade the Strait of Hormuz and starve Asian countries of energy violates UNGA Resolution 2832.

The US has used the rhetoric of a ‘free and open Indo-Pacific” and ‘freedom of navigation’ ironically to militarize and blockade Indian Ocean trade routes and reroute energy supply chains to control markets, benefit corporate interests and prop up the Petrodollar as the BRICS de-dollarize.

President Trump’s alternating sanctions on Russian and Iran oil seem designed to destabilize energy markets and sales. South and Southeast Asian countries meanwhile have been forced to buy expensive US oil and gas buttressing the Petrodollar, rather than source cheaper oil from Asian neighbours and pay in local currency.

It is vital that the US cease and desist from aggression and occupation of Indian Ocean trade routes and plans to levy tolls from ships in the Indian Ocean. Rather, the US Armada would best return to the Atlantic Ocean and where it came from, to restore the Indian Ocean as a’ Zone of Peace’ as envisaged by the world’s first woman head of state.

However, it appears that the legacy of Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike declaring the IOZP has been forgotten at the UN, ironically, even as its corridors buzz with debate on the gender/s of the next UN Secretary General as the current UNSG’s term thankfully draws to an end.

It is increasingly clear that the gender of the next UNSG is irrelevant to making the UN relevant again. What is clear at this time is that the next UNSG should be from the Global South and a strong voice for Economic Justice for the Global South. Likewise, the priority of the next UN Secretary general would be to Streamline the organization and its agencies, literally cull the fat, in order to focus on Core Mandates of de-colonization, peace and security.

Anxieties of the American Empire: Undoing Indo-Pac Com

The UN has evolved as a behemoth in recent times with proliferating development and humanitarian agencies funded and controlled by corporate interests wedded to Disaster Capitalism and the Deepstate. The current UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres meanwhile prefered to talk up ‘global polycrisis’ narratives of climate disaster that mask geoengineering and weather warfare, and health emergency while side stepping their real causes including awkward subjects like, Gain-of-Function research, Covid-19 origins in biowarfare labs, directed energy weapons and geoengineering for weather warfare in the fake Anthropocene.

A firm voice for peace, decolonization and Economic Justice for the Global South is needed from the august body and is solely missed the world over at this time. The UN seems to have abandoned its primary mandate of peace, security and de-colonization at this time.

By Darini Rajasingham-Senanayake



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President signals priority for domestic economic policy autonomy

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Govt. in ‘Consideration Mode’ over next IMF programme:

By Sanath Nanayakkare

President Anura Kumara Dissanayake revealed that the government remains in “consideration mode” regarding whether Sri Lanka will enter into a follow-up Extended Fund Facility (EFF) programme with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) once the active facility concludes in March 2027.

Participating in an engaging Fireside Chat at the inauguration of the Sri Lanka Economic and Investment Summit 2026, organised by the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce at the Shangri-La Colombo on October 12, the President emphasised that any future engagement with the IMF must afford adequate policy space for his administration to execute its own sovereign economic vision.

The session, moderated by Bingumal Thewarathanthri, Vice Chairperson of the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce and CEO of Standard Chartered Bank Sri Lanka, saw the Head of State outline a comprehensive roadmap spanning macro-fiscal discipline, port infrastructure expansion, energy sector restructuring, fuel pricing dynamics, and technology training.

Addressing a packed hall of top-tier business leaders, diplomats, and international investors, President Dissanayake noted that while the current IMF arrangement has proceeded without impeding the government’s core economic strategy, a prospective post-March program will undergo rigorous evaluation.

“Our foreign reserve levels are satisfactory for paying our way through the world. However, there is global uncertainty amid the current geopolitical situation. No indicators can say when the war will end or what weather-related disasters could happen,” the President remarked, referencing external vulnerabilities such as Middle Eastern tensions and local climate disruptions like Cyclone Ditwah.

He stressed that while macro-fiscal parameters – including progressive revenue targets and debt-ceiling management – remain fundamental to national stability, the government is acutely conscious of the tax burdens and social costs borne by citizens. Therefore, any future framework proposed by the IMF will be examined through the lens of domestic policy autonomy and social protection.

Turning to critical national assets, President Dissanayake announced bold restructuring plans for the Port of Colombo aimed at elevating Sri Lanka’s position as a dominant regional maritime hub.

East Container Terminal (ECT): The government intends to grant management and operating rights of the ECT to a private sector partner while retaining 100% state ownership. Operating under the Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA), the terminal currently handles approximately 500,000 TEUs against a potential capacity of 3.2 million TEUs. Five to six major global shipping lines have already expressed preliminary interest.

West Container Terminal II (WCT II): A funding requirement of approximately $1.4 billion for breakwater infrastructure is being sought from multilateral development institutions. Preliminary design work, assisted by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), is slated for completion by April 2027, adding another 3.2 million TEUs in annual throughput capacity upon full buildout.

Logistics Hub & Custom Clearance: The SLPA will call fresh tenders for a dedicated logistics center within the Port of Colombo following the resolution of land disputes. Additionally, Cabinet approval has been granted for a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) to establish a 150-container examination facility in Kerawalapitiya to streamline Customs clearance.

Addressing energy security and domestic distribution, the President indicated that existing petroleum agreements with private market participants – including Lanka IOC and Sinopec – would undergo formal review involving the Attorney General.

Expressing concern over distribution bottlenecks in outstation areas where private outlets dominate, President Dissanayake called on private players to balance profit margins with social responsibility during times of price volatility. To guarantee uninterrupted national supply, the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) plans to add 75 new filling stations across the island.

Furthermore, to enhance maritime competitiveness, the government is considering lowering the 2.5% tax/levy on bunkering services in Budget 2027 and exploring CPC-private partnerships for bunker fuel storage expansion at the JCT Oil Bank.

In renewable energy, the government will open four major grid transmission lines for private-sector participation and transition away from fixed feed-in tariffs set by the Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka (PUCSL) toward competitive bidding to drive down generation costs. Floating solar projects, such as the Ibbankatuwa model, will be prioritised to overcome land availability constraints.

In a bid to address structural workforce shortages in high-tech sectors, the President revealed that Sri Lanka will sign an agreement with Singapore next week to establish a specialized training institute on Wijerama Mawatha in Colombo. The center will focus on rapidly expanding local capacity in Information Communications Technology (ICT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).

He also highlighted plans to restructure public sector remuneration for highly skilled professionals and proposed an outcome-based procurement model for international promotional campaigns, such as global tourism marketing, where agencies are compensated based on verified growth in tourist arrivals.

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‘SL, a top market in region for quality powder coatings’

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Franck Derouen (L) and Nazru Nizar at the product launch.

By Hiran H. Senewiratne

‘Sri Lanka is a top market in the South Asian region for quality powder coatings, Franck Derouen, Business Director, Industrial MEA – West & Central Asia, Axalta Coating Systems (ME) LLC, said.

‘We see significant long-term potential for powder coatings in Sri Lanka and look forward to working closely with Richardson Holdings to offer Axalta’s technology, expertise and global standards for all customers, Derouen said at a launch of the products in Sri Lanka together with Richardson Holdings recently. The event was held at the ITC Ratnadipa, Colombo.

Derouen added: ‘More than a brand transition, this appointment comes as project volumes and material demand continue to rise across Sri Lanka’s construction and property development sectors, giving developers and specifiers greater access to premium performance powder coatings at a time of renewed industry activity.

‘For architects, engineers, extruders and applicators, Axalta’s powder coatings combine UV resistance, gloss retention and corrosion protection with the technical performance expected for long-term architectural projects.’

Group Managing Director, Richardson Holdings, Nazri Nizar said, ‘A strong global brand might open the door. However long-term customer trust is built locally through dedicated support and reliable delivery. The true measure of a distributor lies in the service, care, and operational execution which follows after the product arrives.

‘Combining Axalta’s 150 years of global coating expertise with Richardson’s two decades of deep local relationships and technical know-how, we are bringing customers the best of both worlds.

‘Bridging global standards with local expertise, Richardson Projects will serve as Axalta’s trusted local powder coatings partner, combining global technology with two decades of on-the-ground experience serving Sri Lanka’s construction ecosystem.’

Pradeep Kahawalage, Chief Executive Officer, Richardson Projects, said, ‘After two decades building trust in Sri Lanka’s powder coatings industry, this marks an important new chapter for Richardson. Axalta gives us a global technology partner that matches the standards we have already built our reputation on. We are excited to bring that expertise to Sri Lanka’s construction and aluminium industries in the years ahead.

‘With a focus on sustainability, technical excellence and long-term partnership, Richardson looks forward to supporting architects, developers, fabricators and applicators throughout Sri Lanka with Axalta powder coating as the industry continues to grow.’

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99X Sri Lanka takes lead in product engineering and tech solutions

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From left: Chrishan de Mel, Chief Marketing and Corporate Affairs Officer, 99x Product Engineering; Odd-Sverre Østlie, Group CEO, 99x Norway; Shehani Seneviratne, Chief Operating Officer, 99x Product Engineering; Kalana Wijesekara, Chief Developer Experience Officer, 99x Product Engineering.

By Steve A. Morrell

Headquartered in Norway, Sri Lanka’s 99x office is emerging as a global leader in digital product engineering and tech solutions.

The above products and their development are prioritized in even local university level digital technology centered courses of study. Priority is increasingly attached to them in the context of career development.

Shehani Seneviratne, Chief Operating Officer of 99x Product Engineering, while reiterating the importance of these subject areas at a recent event stressed their continued centrality in degree level courses of study.

The event brought together members of the 99x leadership team including Odd-Sverre Østlie, Group CEO of 99x, Kalana Wijesekara, Chief Developer Experience Officer, Shehani Seneviratne, Chief Operating Officer, 99x Product Engineering, and Chrishan de Mel, ChiefMarketing and Corporate Affairs Officer of 99x Product Engineering.

Opening the event, Chrishan de Mel shared how 99x’s Agent Control Plane xians.ai was awarded the “Best Agentic AI Solution” at the recently concluded National AI Awards. The platform was also awarded national recognition at the SLASSCOM National Ingenuity Awards as the “Best Innovation in Internal Processes, Technology or Framework” category. Earlier this year, the 99x AI-first initiatives won the overall gold award at the Best Management Practices awards.

As 99x expands its use of AI tools and agents across engineering, support and other functions, the company recognised the need for greater visibility into how these AI-assisted workflows perform. As AI continues to reshape traditional engineering workflows, it also creates new opportunities to improve productivity, quality and speed. This need led to the development of AI Hub, 99x’s new platform for observing and measuring AI assisted workflows.

Speaking at the AI Hub launch, Kalana Wijesekere said, AI adoption is happening at a remarkable pace but adopting more tools does not automatically mean achieving better outcomes. AI Hub gives teams the visibility to understand what is happening within their AI assisted workflows and enables them to make informed decisions about how these workflows should evolve.

Sharing an update on the 99x group’s global journey and market outlook, Odd-Sverre Østlie highlighted the company’s continued expansion across Europe, the Americas and Asia, alongside growing demand from customers seeking to integrate AI into their products and operations. He stated, ‘AI is fundamentally changing the expectations our customers have from their technology partners. They want to move faster, experiment more quickly and increasingly understand how AI can create measurable business value. Our ambition is to be a long-term engineering partner that can help customers navigate this transformation. The launch of AI hub advances 99x’s AI-first strategy moving beyond the adoption of AI tools.’

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