Business
The US occupation of the Indian Ocean ‘Zone of Peace’
America’s war of choice on Iran has spread across the Indian Ocean World and maritime Silk Route. Starved of oil and gas South and Southeast Asia’s emerging economies have seen local currencies fall against the ‘exorbitantly privileged’ Petrodollar as public and private debt increased with soaring energy costs.
The US fifth fleet’s occupation and blockade of Indian Ocean trade routes targeting the Strait of Hormuz has shown the importance of the 1971 United Nations (UN) declaration of the ‘Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace’ — for global security and prosperity.
55 years ago the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) led by the world’s first woman head of state, Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Ceylon, declared the Indian Ocean a ‘Zone of Peace’. Resolution 2832 (XXV1) affirmed the vast Indian Ocean together with the airspace above and the subjacent ocean floor for all time a “Zone of Peace”.
The bold resolution by the world’s first woman head of state 55 years ago has never been more relevant: De-militarizing and de-colonizing the Indian Ocean in line with UNGA Resolution 2832 is vital to sustain and deepen the fraying 60-day peace pause between Iran and the United States brokered by Pakistan and Qatar.
The Indian Ocean World’s maritime Silk Route, where Iran, formally Persia sits, was the home of the world’s oldest and wealthiest sea-based trade system. For millennia the Silk Route of the Seas wherein the Straits of Hormuz is an integral part, connected the coastal regions and hinterlands of the Supercontinent of Asia with Africa and Europe– long before the US came into existence across the Atlantic Ocean in the “new world’.
European invaders of the Indian Ocean World fought bloody battles to access, control and colonize Indian Ocean sea lanes from the 17th century onward, much like the US today, which seeks to toll Indian Ocean shipping, wage hybrid economic warfare, and stymie the Asian 21st Century at this time.
Strategic islands and waterways like the Malacca Straits and Hormuz were vital to control of Indian Ocean supply chains and trade routes, in order to access and loot the great wealth of Asian civilizations, particularly, Persia/Iran, India and China.
Indeed, to this day the Indian Ocean remains to be fully de-colonized. Distant water fishing states or non-Indian Ocean countries, France, Spain, Japan, Taiwan PRC etc. are some of the biggest looters of Indian Ocean fishery with industrial trawler fleets according to data from the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission. Meanwhile littoral states fishery remains underdeveloped and “artisanal’; dependent on Foreign Aid for de-industrialization.
It was hence too that UNGA Resolution 2832 (XXV1) establishing the Indian Ocean Zone of Peace was spearheaded by the world’s first woman head of state, the Socialist Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike of Ceylon back in 1971 during the Cold War amid great power rivalry between the Soviet Union/Russia and the US.
Ceylon, now Sri Lanka is geo-strategically located at the center of the Indian Ocean World’s trade routes and supply chains. Hence, the county was perpetually in the cross-hairs of big power rivalry, and subject to neocolonial projects; most recently by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which has upended economic sovereignty and Energy policy autonomy in the Eurobond debt-trapped country.
United Nations Mandate and IOZP
The Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a ‘Zone of Peace’ (IOZP), 55 years ago has never been more relevant to global security, growth and decolonization, which are Core Mandates, albeit seemingly forgotten at the UN.
The UNGA IOZP Resolution sought to ensure that the world’s busiest trade routes would be free of foreign bases, militarization, and nuclear weapons during the long Cold War between the US and Soviet Union/Russia. Big power rivalry had undermined development and de-colonization while driving proxy wars in Asia, Africa and South America.
Ceylon’s Sirimavo Bandaranaike was aided by stalwarts of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and Global South: President Julius Kambarage Neyerere of the Republic of Tanzania in the western reach of the Indian Ocean later joined to co-sponsor UN Resolution 2832 (XXVI). It was a time of Afro-Asian, South-South cooperation.
India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Congress Party was a close friend of Ceylon’s Bandaranaike and a supporter of Palestine, unlike the current pro-Israeli Modi regime in New Delhi.
UNGA Resolution 2832 called upon big powers to enter into consultations with the littoral States of the Indian Ocean with a view to halting escalation of their military presence, and to eliminate all bases, military installations and logistical supply facilities, nuclear weapons, and other weapons of mass destruction.
In the context, should not UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres invoke the IOZP at this time to aid and deepen the tenuous peace agreement between Iran and the US? However, Guterres has preferred to focus on twin global ‘polycrisis’ narratives- pandemic health and Anthropocene climate disinformation.
The IOZP Declaration was made when Burma’s U Thant was the highly respected UN Secretary General and Asian Buddhist Principles of Panchaseel (5 principle virtues in Sanskrit), underpinned NAM diplomacy. Indeed, the current UNSG would do well to call on US President Trump to remove the marine environment despoiling US fifth fleet “Armada” led by aircraft carrier Abraham Lincoln from the Indian Ocean in order to shore up the fraying peace agreement between Iran and the US at this time.

Prime Minister of Ceylon Sirimavo Bandaranaike speaks at the Belgrade Conference Non-Aligned Movement Archives (Yugoslavia)
TANJUG (Telegraphic Agency of the New Yugoslavia)
Priorities of the next UNSC: Return to Core Mandate amid New Cold War
The current US invasion and occupation of the Indian Ocean, far from America’s shores in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean in order to blockade the Strait of Hormuz and starve Asian countries of energy violates UNGA Resolution 2832.
The US has used the rhetoric of a ‘free and open Indo-Pacific” and ‘freedom of navigation’ ironically to militarize and blockade Indian Ocean trade routes and reroute energy supply chains to control markets, benefit corporate interests and prop up the Petrodollar as the BRICS de-dollarize.
President Trump’s alternating sanctions on Russian and Iran oil seem designed to destabilize energy markets and sales. South and Southeast Asian countries meanwhile have been forced to buy expensive US oil and gas buttressing the Petrodollar, rather than source cheaper oil from Asian neighbours and pay in local currency.
It is vital that the US cease and desist from aggression and occupation of Indian Ocean trade routes and plans to levy tolls from ships in the Indian Ocean. Rather, the US Armada would best return to the Atlantic Ocean and where it came from, to restore the Indian Ocean as a’ Zone of Peace’ as envisaged by the world’s first woman head of state.
However, it appears that the legacy of Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike declaring the IOZP has been forgotten at the UN, ironically, even as its corridors buzz with debate on the gender/s of the next UN Secretary General as the current UNSG’s term thankfully draws to an end.
It is increasingly clear that the gender of the next UNSG is irrelevant to making the UN relevant again. What is clear at this time is that the next UNSG should be from the Global South and a strong voice for Economic Justice for the Global South. Likewise, the priority of the next UN Secretary general would be to Streamline the organization and its agencies, literally cull the fat, in order to focus on Core Mandates of de-colonization, peace and security.
Anxieties of the American Empire: Undoing Indo-Pac Com
The UN has evolved as a behemoth in recent times with proliferating development and humanitarian agencies funded and controlled by corporate interests wedded to Disaster Capitalism and the Deepstate. The current UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres meanwhile prefered to talk up ‘global polycrisis’ narratives of climate disaster that mask geoengineering and weather warfare, and health emergency while side stepping their real causes including awkward subjects like, Gain-of-Function research, Covid-19 origins in biowarfare labs, directed energy weapons and geoengineering for weather warfare in the fake Anthropocene.
A firm voice for peace, decolonization and Economic Justice for the Global South is needed from the august body and is solely missed the world over at this time. The UN seems to have abandoned its primary mandate of peace, security and de-colonization at this time.
By Darini Rajasingham-Senanayake
Business
Trust, security and collaboration seen as pillars of growth in digital payments
Visa successfully hosted the Visa Sri Lanka Cybersecurity Conclave 2026 on 25 June 2026, convening leaders from the banking sector, Government, regulators and industry bodies to foster dialogue on evolving cyber threat landscape and the collective action needed to strengthen cyber resilience across Sri Lanka’s digital economy.
As digital payments continue to expand, cybersecurity remains critical to sustaining trust, protecting consumers and businesses, and supporting a more inclusive digital economy. The conclave served as a focused platform for industry dialogue on emerging cyber threats, fraud prevention, regulatory readiness and public-private collaboration in safeguarding consumers, businesses and the wider financial ecosystem.
The event featured expert-led sessions by Visa leaders, covering Cyber Threat landscape, AI-driven Cybersecurity, Visa Cyber Solutions and Advisory, Risk landscape and AI-powered Fraud Prevention introducing Featurespace. Discussions underscored the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks and fraud patterns, particularly as AI-enabled threats create new challenges for financial institutions, regulators, and businesses.
A senior-level panel discussion brought together Sirikumara Kudagama, Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka; Waruna Dhanapala, Secretary to the Ministry of Digital Economy; Brigadier K.V.P. Dhammika, Director of Cyber Command and Information Warfare Centre; Mr. Kapila Hettihamu, Chief Risk Officer of Commercial Bank of Ceylon; and Avanthi Colombage, Country Manager, Sri Lanka and Maldives, Visa. The panel delved on Sri Lanka’s changing cyber risk environment and the need for stronger preparedness across the financial sector, with emphasis on proactive threat intelligence, real-time response capabilities, stronger information sharing, capacity building, robust regulatory frameworks and the adoption of advanced security solutions to help institutions stay ahead of emerging risks.
Waruna Dhanapala, Secretary to the Ministry of Digital Economy, said, “As Sri Lanka advances its digital transformation, cybersecurity is a national priority and a critical enabler of trust in the digital economy. The expansion of digital payments and technology-enabled commerce presents significant opportunities, but also requires coordinated action, strong safeguards and trusted partnerships. Initiatives such as the Visa Sri Lanka Cybersecurity Conclave 2026 are valuable in bringing together government, regulators, financial institutions and industry leaders to exchange insights, address emerging risks and strengthen collective resilience. We value the role that global payments leaders such as Visa continue to play in supporting Sri Lanka’s digital ecosystem through expertise, innovation and collaboration. This conclave was a timely effort to reinforce the shared responsibility needed to build a secure, resilient and inclusive digital economy for the country.”
Commenting on the success of the conclave, Avanthi Colombage, Country Manager, Sri Lanka and Maldives, Visa, said, “As Sri Lanka’s digital economy continues to grow, cybersecurity is fundamental to building trust in digital payments. At Visa, we are committed to working closely with regulators, financial institutions and ecosystem partners to support safer, more resilient digital commerce for consumers and businesses. Strengthening cyber resilience is not the responsibility of one institution alone. It requires collaboration, preparedness and continued investment across the ecosystem. Through initiatives such as the Visa Sri Lanka Cybersecurity Conclave 2026, Visa continues to support Sri Lanka’s financial ecosystem with global expertise, practical insights and security-led solutions that help protect the future of digital commerce in Sri Lanka.”
Business
First Capital maintains Bond Yield Outlook for 2026, identifies market recovery potential in 2027
First Capital Holdings PLC, a subsidiary of JXG (Janashakthi Group) and a key player in Sri Lanka’s capital markets landscape, has maintained its outlook for Sri Lanka’s fixed income and equity markets, forecasting stable bond yields through 2026 while identifying potential opportunities emerging in 2027 as economic conditions improve.
According to the First Capital Mid-Year Outlook 2026, bond yields are expected to remain within current forecast ranges during 2026, with a 50 basis point premium introduced to the longer end of the yield curve in the first half of 2027 due to continued concerns surrounding debt sustainability and the pace of structural reforms.
First Capital expects inflation to average 6% in 2026, with recent monetary policy tightening by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka supporting inflation stability. However, the higher interest rate environment is expected to weigh on economic growth and credit expansion, creating potential room for a rate reduction during the first half of 2027.
Commenting on the outlook, Dimantha Mathew, Chief Research & Strategy Officer of First Capital Holdings PLC, said, “The recent tightening in monetary policy has helped stabilise inflation expectations, although it is expected to moderate economic momentum in the near term. We believe investors should remain positioned within shorter tenures, providing a dual opportunity with potential capital gains as yields are expected to normalise and move down towards our targeted bands, whilst attractive carry opportunities remain available for investors. While progress on reforms remains critical, improving macroeconomic stability could create favourable conditions for market recovery over the medium term.”
First Capital forecasts the Average Weighted Prime Lending Rate (AWPR) to remain between 10.0%–11.0% during the second half of 2026, before easing to 9.5%–10.5% in the first half of 2027, supported by moderating GDP and credit growth and stabilising liquidity conditions.
The Sri Lankan Rupee is expected to remain within a range of LKR 325–335 against the US Dollar during the second half of 2026, with a gradual depreciation to LKR 335–345 anticipated in the first half of 2027 as external pressures and foreign exchange dynamics evolve.
In equities, First Capital maintains its 2026 All Share Price Index (ASPI) base case fair value target of 20,500 and introduces a 2027 target of 24,500, supported by expectations of softer inflation, earnings recovery, improving liquidity and a gradual easing of monetary policy. Given the expected near-term sideways movement in the market, First Capital recommends a higher cash allocation of 50% to enable investors to capitalise on potential entry opportunities ahead of a broader recovery.
The First Capital Mid-Year Outlook 2026 reflects the institution’s continued commitment to providing research-driven market insights and supporting investors in making informed investment decisions amid Sri Lanka’s evolving economic landscape.
Business
Bourse trading plunges in the wake of continuing US-Iran hostilities
The CSE was trending down yesterday as external environmental issues, especially the US-Iran hostilities, continued to impact the global economy adversely.
The All Share Price Index went down by 170.60 points, while the S and P SL20 declined by 43.39 points. Turnover stood at Rs 2.63 billion with four crossings.
Turnover stood at Rs 2.63 billion with four crossings. Those crossings were: CT Holdings crossed 1.1 million shares to the tune of Rs 551 million; its shares traded at Rs 510, Cargills Ceylon 856,000 shares crossed for Rs 145 million; its shares sold at Rs 630, LMF 232 million shares crossed for Rs 232 million; its shares sold at Rs 84 and Dialog 457,000 shares crossed to the tune of Rs 20 million; its shares sold at Rs 43.
In the retail market companies that mainly contributed to the turnover were; JKH Rs 109 million (5.5 million shares traded), Haycarb Rs 93 million (535,000 shares traded), CCS Rs 60 million (447,000 shares traded), Bairaha Farm Rs 54 million (626,000 shares traded), Ambeon Capital Rs 48 million (1.6 million shares traded), LMF Rs 47 million (556,000 shares traded) and ACL Cables Rs 44 million (455,000 shares traded). During the day 56 million share volumes changed hands in 17347 transactions.
It is said that manufacturing sector counters, especially JKH, performed well. Further, beverage sector counters, especially Cargills and CCS performed significantly well.
Yesterday the rupee was quoted at Rs 336.20/30 to the US dollar in the spot market, from Rs 336.15/25 Friday, while bond yields edged up, dealers said.
The telegraphic transfer rate for the dollar was 331.80 buying, Rs 340.80 selling; the euro was 376.9467 buying, 390.8637 selling; and the pound was 445.4833 buying, 459.5289 selling.
By Hiran H. Senewiratne
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