Business
Sri Lanka’s ambitious budget agenda faces high implementation risks: Fitch Ratings
The targets laid out in Sri Lanka’s budget for 2024 will be challenging to meet even with the economic recovery that we expect to continue next year, says Fitch Ratings.
The fiscal deficit is set to be wider than our current forecast of 7.1% of GDP in 2024 in light of the new data, even after excluding bank recapitalisation costs, and the revenue/GDP ratio will be lower than we had assumed, Fitch says.
The report further states:
“The government is targeting a budget deficit of 9.1% of GDP in 2024, wider than a revised estimate of 8.5% in 2023. However, without bank recapitalisation costs, the deficit in 2024 would be a narrower 7.6% of GDP. Excluding recapitalisation costs, the budget targets a primary surplus of 0.8% of GDP in 2024, against a deficit of 0.7% in 2023. However, including recapitalisation costs pushes the 2024 primary deficit target to 0.6% of GDP.”
“The primary surplus goal for 2024, excluding bank recapitalisation, is broadly in line with the 0.8% of GDP projected by the IMF in March when it approved Sri Lanka’s USD3 billion Extended Fund Facility (EFF). We also see the revenue target as relatively aligned. However, the government’s expenditure target for 2024, at 22.2% of GDP, is somewhat higher than the 19.7% the IMF had envisioned and well above the revised budget estimate of 18.7% for 2023.”
“The release of the next tranche of EFF financing, worth around USD330 million, will depend partly on the IMF’s assessment of Sri Lanka’s progress in securing financing assurances from official creditors. Fitch believes there has been some progress since March, but the timeline for a restructuring deal with official creditors remains unclear.”
“Fitch believes there are significant risks to the government’s revenue goal for 2024. Sri Lanka has a record of fiscal slippage, and revenue collection fell 29% short of target over 9M23. The authorities aim to raise revenue by almost 45% in 2024. This will be aided by a planned 3pp increase in the value-added tax to 18%, but the boost to revenue from inflation is set to weaken in 2024. We project consumer prices will rise by 8.7% on average in 2024, compared with 22.1% in 2023. The lift from economic growth, which Fitch projects at 3.3% in 2024, will also be modest.”
“Downside risks to revenue could be offset by lower-than-budgeted spending. We think the presidential election in late 2024 will incentivise the government to keep to its spending plans, which include a 14% increase in spending on salaries and wages. Nevertheless, if revenue falls short, there may be some room to trim capital expenditure, which amounts to almost 20% of total planned spending and is budgeted to rise 55% in 2024, excluding bank recapitalization.”
“The government’s efforts to implement governance reform after a recent diagnostic study by the IMF may also support revenue collection. The budget proposes to establish a new revenue authority under the Ministry of Finance to improve tax collection, and a new investment law will look to establish a National Economic Commission to promote investment. However, it will take time to assess these bodies’ effectiveness,” Fitch says.
Business
Beyond arrivals: Can tourism and hospitality power Sri Lanka’s next growth phase?
The Australian High Commission in Sri Lanka recently hosted the latest edition of its ConnectED Thought Leadership Series at the Australian High Commissioner’s Residence in Colombo, bringing together senior leaders from Sri Lanka’s tourism, hospitality, travel, events, education and related sectors.
The discussion, themed “Beyond Arrivals: Can Tourism and Hospitality Power Sri Lanka’s Next Growth Phase?”, focused on the role of tourism and hospitality beyond visitor arrival numbers, examining how the sector could contribute to Sri Lanka’s broader economic development.
The distinguished panel comprised Shiromal Cooray, Chairman and Managing Director of Jetwing Travels; Angeline Ondaatje, Chairperson of Tangerine Beach Hotels PLC, Royal Palms Beach Hotels PLC and Tangerine Tours; and Grant Dreher, Chief Executive Officer of William Angliss Institute Australia.
The discussion was moderated by Wayne Crosbie, Director – International and Business Development, William Angliss Institute Australia, who facilitated the conversation around the evolving needs of the tourism and hospitality industry and the importance of connecting education, skills development and workforce readiness with industry demand.
Adding a practical and experiential dimension to the evening, students from the Colombo Academy of Hospitality Management (CAHM) played an active role in delivering the cocktail reception for the distinguished guests.
Business
SL’s ‘Global Destination Marketing and Communication Campaign’ gets into top gear
A high-level discussion on the implementation of Sri Lanka’s Global Destination Marketing and Communication Campaign, supported by the World Bank, was held at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Employment and Tourism. The initiative marks a significant step towards strengthening Sri Lanka’s position as a competitive and attractive destination in the global tourism marketplace.
The meeting focused on the importance of adopting a long-term, data-driven approach to destination marketing, underpinned by comprehensive analysis of tourism demand and supply trends, visitor behaviour, destination branding, and international marketing strategies. Discussions also highlighted the need for a transparent procurement process and institutional capacity-building to ensure the successful implementation and sustainability of the campaign.
Participants welcomed the technical expertise and strategic guidance to be provided by MTI Consulting and Skift Inc./JD, whose support will contribute to the development and execution of a globally competitive destination marketing programme. Through strong collaboration between public and private sector stakeholders, the initiative seeks to establish a sustainable roadmap to guide Sri Lanka’s tourism promotion efforts and enhance the industry’s competitiveness in key international markets.
The campaign is expected to play a vital role in strengthening Sri Lanka’s tourism sector, supporting increased visitor arrivals, generating economic opportunities, and contributing to broader national economic growth.
The discussion was attended by Aruni Ranaraja, Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Employment and Tourism; Chairpersons and Chairmen of tourism institutions under the Ministry; representatives of SLAITO, TAASL, the Tourism Advisory Committee, the World Bank, MTI Consulting, and Skift Inc./JD; as well as H.P. Somathilaka, Director General of National Planning.
Business
Labour shortages are pushing Plantation Companies towards machines, data and a different kind of worker
Sri Lanka’s plantation sector is entering a new phase of transformation, as technology and innovation reshape how estates operate, manage resources and sustain productivity. Across the country’s tea estates and other plantations, machines are increasingly complementing skilled workers in tasks once done almost entirely by hand, while software and data bring new precision to decisions traditionally guided by experience.
Automated harvesters, pruning machines and drones are being deployed alongside GIS mapping, digital weighing systems and enterprise software. Though the technologies vary, they point to a common shift: plantations are finding smarter ways to meet rising demands with a changing workforce.
Mechanisation, however, is not without challenges. Sloping terrain, fragmented fields and crop variability limit where machinery can be effectively deployed. Still, as operating costs rise and labour availability tightens, the ability to combine human expertise with technology is becoming essential to sustaining productivity, competitiveness and the long-term viability of the industry.
Addressing the labour shortage
Sri Lanka’s plantation companies face a labour market that has changed from the one on which the industry was built. Migration, demographic changes and attraction from other sectors have made it increasingly difficult to retain workers for plantation work.
That is why mechanization is spreading beyond the most obvious applications. At Bogawantalawa Tea Estates PLC, machinery is being used for land preparation, pruning, weeding, harvesting, and agrochemical application. Selective machine harvesting and mechanical pruning have been introduced in tea, while mechanized and semi-mechanized methods are being extended to other crops.
Agarapatana Plantations PLC has taken a similar approach. Fuel-powered and battery-operated harvesters are being used in the field, while backhoes assist with uprooting and levelling new clearings. Drones are being deployed for foliar spraying. In factories, automation and energy efficient machineries are being introduced where production volumes justify the investment.
The changing face of plantation technology
Beyond mechanisation, plantations are steadily evolving into data-driven businesses, with RPC’s increasingly adopting technologies that are reshaping day-to-day operations. Agarapatana Plantations is rolling out automated green-leaf weighing systems with facial recognition and planning fertigation-based irrigation. Ten factories already operate on solar power, with six of them being carbon neutral.
Likewise, Elpitiya Plantations PLC has introduced Ballotronix tea-leaf readers to assess leaf composition, supported by iHarvest and Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central, giving managers real-time visibility across thousands of hectares.
Talawakelle Tea Estates PLC has similarly pursued transformation since 1992, introducing hot-water boilers across all factories from 2008, electronic weighing with real time data collection since 2015, as well as tablets, computers and a new payroll system for employees. Rooftop solar along with three in-house hydro power plants located in Palmerston, Radella and Somerset estates provide renewable energy. State of the art, modern colour separators have been provided to its Low Grown factories. Since 2025, drones are been used for chemical/ foliar spraying. These developments highlight how the plantation sector has steadily embraced technology for greater efficiency and sustainability.
The technological shift does not stop at the edge of the field as factories are becoming increasingly automated, giving special emphasis to energy efficient equipment. At Elpitiya, more than 80% of their factories are mechanized with state of the art machineries, with the intention to raise both capacity and efficiency.
On the other hand, Malwatte Valley Plantations PLC illustrates another possibility. After expanding its cinnamon cultivation, the company encountered a shortage of skilled peelers. Its engineers responded by developing and patenting cinnamon-peeling machinery.
That is more than a labour-saving exercise. It shows how a constraint can encourage technological innovation- and potentially allow an industry to expand beyond the limits imposed by the supply of specialised labour.
The company is also investing in automated factory systems and machinery for “matcha” production. Technology, in this case, is being used not merely to reduce costs but to strengthen value addition to products.
Machines will not make workers obsolete
Workers are being trained to use harvesters, pruning equipment and spraying machinery, while new roles are emerging around upkeep, data collection and digital reporting.
Horana Plantations PLC, for instance, has introduced machine plucking to address labour shortages. The company reports improvement in yields, consistency and labour productivity, while technology-driven harvesting has also been used to make plantation work more attractive to younger workers.
“Technology has become a prerequisite requirement for the plantation sector as we deal with labour shortages and the need to improve productivity,” Secretary General of the Planters’ Association of Ceylon, Lalith Obeyesekere stated. He noted that priority should be given to technologies suited to Sri Lankan conditions, supported by training and enabling workers to use them effectively. “That is a more useful way of thinking about mechanisation than simply counting the jobs a machine might replace”, Obeyesekere went on to note. He is confident that these changes will raise the productivity and profitability in the sector.
The next harvest
The direction of travel is becoming clearer. Precision agriculture, digital crop forecasting, automated weather monitoring, smart irrigation, digital traceability and further mechanisation are likely to become more common.
That does not mean the end of the plantation worker, nor the disappearance of generations of agricultural knowledge. It means that both will increasingly operate alongside technology.
For an industry whose competitiveness has long depended on its ability to extract value from land and labour, the new imperative is simpler: create more avenues, waste less and make each worker- and each hectare- more productive.
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