By Pradeep Prasanna Samarakoon

Sri Lanka has advanced capabilities to treat paediatric cancers, surpassing many other hospitals in South Asia, according to Dr. Mahendra Somatilaka, a specialist in paediatric oncology at the Apeksha Hospital (National Cancer Institute) at Maharagama. He made these remarks during a media briefing held at the Health Education Bureau in Colombo on 12 February.

Dr Somatilaka highlighted that paediatric cancers could manifest in various forms, with the three most common being blood cancers, brain tumours, and bone or muscle-related cancers.

“Blood-related cancers, particularly leukaemia, are among the most frequently diagnosed in children. While not every case can be definitively classified as cancer, there are key warning signs parents should be aware of. Persistent swelling of lymph nodes, recurrent fevers, frequent infections, unexplained bruising, and slow-healing wounds on the limbs could indicate an underlying condition. Additionally, if a child develops anaemia, loses their appetite, or experiences unexplained weight gain, these may also be signs of a serious illness,” he explained.

Unlike adults, young children rarely develop arthritis, yet some cases of leukaemia can present with symptoms resembling arthritis.

“Brain tumours are another common form of paediatric cancer,” Dr Somatilaka said, noting that persistent headaches, particularly in the early morning, accompanied by vomiting, could be indicative of a brain tumour. In many instances, parents mistake these symptoms for gastritis or other minor ailments, leading to prolonged misdiagnosis. Some children receive treatment for abdominal discomfort for months before the true cause is identified. Seizures can also be a symptom of brain tumours, even in children with no family history of epilepsy.

Bone and muscle cancers are also prevalent among children, often presenting as small lumps that parents and caregivers dismiss as sports injuries. Many delay seeking treatment, opting for home remedies instead. “By the time these children are referred to a specialist, the cancer has often spread significantly,” Dr Somatilaka warned.

Eye cancers, particularly retinoblastoma, are another critical concern, especially in children aged three to four. Warning signs include the development of a squint or an unusual white reflection in the eye, resembling a glass-like glow. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment.

Dr Somatilaka urged parents to be vigilant about these symptoms and seek immediate medical attention if any unusual signs persist, as early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes.