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Regulatory Actions Needed to Prevent Building Collapses

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Building that collapsed in Kandy on Sunday

by Gamini Ranasinghe
Auckland.
e.mail: gamini_r@hotmail.com

There is no need to elaborate that the collapse of buildings or any other structure will result in very grave consequences. It may lead to loss of life and serious injuries not only for the occupants but to the neighbours and the people around when the collapse happens. These will be in addition to the loss of valuable physical assets and further legal claims.

We frequently hear about building failures in crowded cities across the world. However, until recent times there were not many building failures reported in Sri Lanka. It is possible that the main reasons were, (a) No major loss of life (b) Mostly of the buildings in the country were low rise structures (c) Building failures do not catch the eyes of the media.

It is common knowledge that the failures of buildings are mainly due to

(a) Inadequacy in the structural design and the unsuitable ground conditions

(b) Serious shortcomings in the construction phase

(c) Upgrading of existing buildings such as construction of additional floors without proper engineering assessment.

In Sri Lanka, during the last decade the construction activity had been moving on a rapid phase. We could note that many new buildings with multiple stories being built in practically all the towns and along major roads. Now there is also news that the plans are afoot to build a tower block in Colombo that will be the world’s tallest.

Unless these buildings are designed and detailed by competent engineers, and built under their supervision, we could expect many non-compliances to the relevant structural engineering. standards. Non-compliances may result in failures during the construction phase as well as during the occupation. To prevent such man-made disasters, it is imperative that the roles of the government and the local authorities who approve the projects need to be strengthened.

The construction of a building will go through two stages, i. e. design phase and construction phase. As I understand, at present the local authorities in urban areas need to approve the design documents and issue a building permit to allow construction phase of a building. In this process, if the plans submitted involve a specific engineering design, it is mandatory for a Chartered Civil or a Structural to sign and approve the plans.

Here the questions that will arise,

Whether the local authority has access to the register of chartered civil / structural engineers maintained by the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka?

Are the chartered engineers who sign the plans experienced in the type of structural design, to allow him to vet and approve?

What will be the responsibility of the structural engineer if the building fails during or after construction?

As I am aware, in the present system, the engineer who designed the building could become responsible only if it could be determined through a lengthy legal process. As we know, such process will be too arduous and there will be many loop-holes that will permit an unscrupulous person to shun the responsibility.

In many countries, there are built in regulations to prevent such failures in all the stages of a project, including investigation, design, construction and maintenance phase.

These rules impose the total responsibility for the design to the design engineer. To make the process transparent, the design engineer issues a Design Certificate or a Producer Statement identifying all the relevant design standards. It is mandatory for the design engineer to have an insurance policy for his professional works. The purpose of this policy is to indemnify the owner of the building if any failure happens. Generally the Producer statements are in a format approved by the local institution of engineers in the country. Council can approve the building applications only on vetting the acceptability of the said documents.

Such process needs national regulations that will clearly cover all the stages of the building permit process and identify the responsibilities of the relevant parties. I believe that the UDA shall take the responsibility of drafting the regulations on this issue that is very critical to the country. The Institution of Engineer Sri Lanka will also have a role to play to make sure that the engineer who signs the design documents will take the total responsibility for the design.

As notedd earlier the failure of a building may be the result of noncompliance to the engineering standards in the construction stage. It may be due to the wrong selection of materials or the adoption of erroneous methodology. Simple examples are the use of low grade steel reinforcements or using weak structural concrete, or untreated low-grade timber.

 

It may also be due to the adoption of inappropriate technology or using short cuts during the construction stage. There are many examples in Sri Lanka where the wrong methodology used in construction will result in serious inadequacies and failures during the usage. One example I could recall is the leakage from concrete walls and basement floor in a mid-rise building built in Rajagiriya for a very important organization in the country. It was found that the concreting in the basement walls went ahead although the poker vibrators broke down in the middle of the process. Here the construction was carried out by a prime structural engineering contractor, but without adequate supervision by the consulting engineer.

It is not exaggeration that the specifically designed structural works need to be supervised by a qualified engineer who very well understands the design methodology and the controls needed in the construction stage. However, there is no mandatory requirement under the building approval conditions in Sri Lanka that the building owner needs to obtain the services of the design engineer. Therefore, the design engineer’s involvement in the construction phase will depend on the contractor or the owner that will be mainly decided by the financial implications. Such decisions may affect the compliance to the design standards in the construction phase. If the structure fails during or in the post construction stage, the design engineer cannot be held responsible as he had not been involved during construction. Therefore, the need arises to impose conditions under the building approval to obtain the services of the design engineer or another chartered engineer to supervise the construction phase and to certify. In many countries, this is facilitated by the need for the supervising engineer to issue a certificate such as a Producer Statement – Construction at the completion of the construction phase. In the format, this is similar to Certificate issued to the cover the design but will only cover the construction stage. Naturally the issuer of the Producer Statement – Construction needs to carry an insurance policy that will cover the value of the structural works in the building in indemnify the owner in the event of a building failure.

Finally, it needs to be noted that all the matters discussed above are relevant to any built-up structure, whether it is a building, highway bridge, water reservoir, tunnel or an irrigation dam. I hope that this column will attract serious attention from the engineering profession as well as the central government and local authorities who will have to face the consequences when the structures fail.



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Features

Political violence stalking Trump administration

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A scene that unfolded during the shooting incident at the recent White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington. (BBC)

It would not be particularly revelatory to say that the US is plagued by ‘gun violence’. It is a deeply entrenched and widespread malaise that has come in tandem with the relative ease with which firearms could be acquired and owned by sections of the US public, besides other causes.

However, a third apparent attempt on the life of US President Donald Trump in around two and a half years is both thought-provoking and unsettling for the defenders of democracy. After all, whatever its short comings the US remains the world’s most vibrant democracy and in fact the ‘mightiest’ one. And the US must remain a foremost democracy for the purpose of balancing and offsetting the growing power of authoritarian states in the global power system, who are no friends of genuine representational governance.

Therefore, the recent breaching of the security cordon surrounding the White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington at which President Trump and his inner Cabinet were present, by an apparently ‘Lone Wolf’ gunman, besides raising issues relating to the reliability of the security measures deployed for the President, indicates a notable spike in anti-VVIP political violence in particular in the US. It is a pointer to a strong and widespread emergence of anti-democratic forces which seem to be gaining in virulence and destructiveness.

The issues raised by the attack are in the main for the US’ political Right and its supporters. They have smugly and complacently stood by while the extremists in their midst have taken centre stage and begun to dictate the course of Right wing politics. It is the political culture bred by them that leads to ‘Lone Wolf’ gunmen, for instance, who see themselves as being repressed or victimized, taking the law into their own hands, so to speak, and perpetrating ‘revenge attacks’ on the state and society.

A disproportionate degree of attention has been paid particularly internationally to Donald Trump’s personality and his eccentricities but such political persons cannot be divorced from the political culture in which they originate and have their being. That is, “structural” questions matter. Put simply, Donald Trump is a ‘true son’ of the Far Right, his principal support base. The issues raised are therefore for the President as well as his supporters of the Right.

We are obliged to respect the choices of the voting public but in the case of Trump’s election to the highest public position in the US, this columnist is inclined to see in those sections that voted for Trump blind followers of the latter who cared not for their candidate’s suitability, in every relevant respect, and therefore acted irrationally. It would seem that the Right in the US wanted their candidate to win by ‘hook or by crook’ and exercise power on their behalf.

By making the above observations this columnist does not intend to imply that voting publics everywhere in the world of democracy cast their vote sensibly. In the case of Sri Lanka, for example, the question could be raised whether the voters of the country used their vote sensibly when voting into office the majority of Executive Presidents and other persons holding high public office. The obvious answer is ‘no’ and this should lead to a wider public discussion on the dire need for thoroughgoing voter education. The issue is a ‘huge’ one that needs to be addressed in the appropriate forums and is beyond the scope of this column.

Looking back it could be said that the actions of Trump and his die-hard support base led to the Rule of Law in the US being undermined as perhaps never before in modern times. A shaming moment in this connection was the protest march, virtually motivated by Trump, of his supporters to the US Capitol on January 6th, 2021, with the aim of scuttling the presidential poll result of that year. Much violence and unruly behaviour, as known, was let loose. This amounted to denigrating the democratic process and encouraging the violent take over of the state.

In a public address, prior to the unruly conduct of his supporters, Trump is on record as blaring forth the following: ‘We won this election and we won by a landslide’, ‘We will stop the steal’, ‘We will never give up. We will never concede. It doesn’t happen’, ‘If you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore.’

It is plain to see that such inflammatory utterances could lead impressionable minds in particular to revolt violently. Besides, they should have led the more rationally inclined to wonder whether their candidate was the most suitable person to hold the office of President.

Unfortunately, the latter process was not to be and the question could be raised whether the US is in the ‘safest pair of hands’. Needless to say, as events have revealed, Donald Trump is proving to be one of the most erratic heads of state the US has ever had.

However, the latest attempt on the life of President Trump suggests that considerable damage has been done to the democratic integrity of the US and none other than the President himself has to take on himself a considerable proportion of the blame for such degeneration, besides the US’ Far Right. They could be said to be ‘reaping the whirlwind.’

It is a time for soul-searching by the US Right. The political Right has the right to exist, so the speak, in a functional democracy but it needs to take cognizance of how its political culture is affecting the democratic integrity or health of the US. Ironically, the repressive and chauvinistic politics advocated by it is having the effect of activating counter-violence of the most murderous kind, as was witnessed at the White House Correspondents’ Dinner. Continued repressive politics could only produce more such incidents that could be self-defeating for the US.

Some past US Presidents were assassinated but the present political violence in the country brings into focus as perhaps never before the role that an anti-democratic political culture could play in unraveling the gains that the US has made over the decades. A duty is cast on pro-democracy forces to work collectively towards protecting the democratic integrity and strength of the US.

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22nd Anniversary Gala …action-packed event

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The Skyliners: Shanaka Viswakula (bass), Mario Ranasuriya (lead guitar), Daryl D'Souza (keyboards) and Kushmin Balasuriya (drums)

The Editor-in-Chief of The Sri Lankan Anchorman, a Toronto-based monthly, celebrating Sri Lankan community life in Canada, is none other than veteran Sri Lankan journalist Dirk Tissera, who moved to Canada in 1997. His wife, Michelle, whom he calls his “tower of strength”, is the Design Editor.

According to reports coming my way, the paper has turned out to be extremely popular in Toronto.

In fact, The Sri Lankan Anchorman won a press award in Toronto for excellence in editorial content and visual presentation.

However, the buzz in the air in Canada, right now, is The Sri Lankan Anchorman’s 22nd Anniversary Gala, to be held on Friday, 12 June, 2026, at the J&J Swagat Banquet Convention Centre, in Toronto.

An action-packed programme has been put together for the night, featuring some of the very best artistes in the Toronto scene.

The Skylines, who are classified as ‘the local musical band in Toronto’, will headline the event.

Dirk Tissera and wife Michelle: Supporting Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman
in 2002

They have performed and backed many legendary Sri Lanka singers.

According to Dirk, The Skylines can belt out a rhythm with gusto … be it Western, Sinhala or Tamil hits.

Also adding sparkle to the evening will be the legendary Fahmy Nazick, who, with his smooth and velvety vocals, will have the crowd on the floor.

Fahmy who was a household name, back in Sri Lanka, will be flying down from Virginia, USA.

He has captivated audiences in Sri Lanka, the Middle East and North America, and this will be his fourth visit to Toronto – back by popular demand,

Cherry DeLuna, who is described by Dirk as a powerhouse, also makes her appearance on stage and is all set to stir up the tempo with her cool and easy delivery.

“She’s got a great voice and vocal range that has captivated audiences out here”, says Dirk.

Chamil Welikala, said to be one of the hottest DJs in town, will be spinning his magic … in English, Sinhala, Tamil and Latin.


Both Jive and Baila competitions are on the cards among many other surprises on the night of 12 June.

This is The Anchorman’s fifth annual dance in a row – starting from 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 – and both Dirk and Michelle, and The Anchorman, have always produced elegant social events in Toronto.

“We intend to knock this one out of the park,” the duo says, adding that Western music and Sinhala and Tamil songs is something they’ve always delivered and the crowd loves it.

“We have always supported Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman, in 2002, and we intend to keep it that way.”

No doubt, there will be a large crowd of Sri Lankans, from all communities, turning up, on 12 June, to support Dirk, Michelle and The Anchorman.

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Features

Face Pack for Radiant Skin

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* Apple and Orange:

Blend a few apple and orange pieces together. Add to it a pinch of turmeric and one tablespoon of honey. Apply it to the face and neck and rinse off after 30 minutes. This face pack is suitable for all skin types.

According to experts, apple is one of the best fruits for your skin health with Vitamin A, B complex and Vitamin C and minerals, while, with the orange peel, excessive oil secretion can be easily balanced.

* Mango and Curd:

Ripe mango pulp, mixed with curd, can be rubbed directly onto the skin to remove dirt and cleanse clogged pores. Rinse off after a few minutes.

Yes, of course, mango is a tasty and delicious fruit and this is the mango season in our part of the world, and it has extra-ordinary benefits to skin health. Vitamins C and E in mangoes protect the skin from the UV rays of the sun and promotes cell regeneration. It also promotes skin elasticity and fights skin dullness and acne, while curd, in combination, further adds to it.

*  Grapes and Kiwi:

Take a handful of grapes and make a pulp of it. Simultaneously, take one kiwi fruit and mash it after peeling its skin. Now mix them and add some yoghurt to it. Apply it on your face for few minutes and wash it off.

Here again experts say that kiwi is the best nutrient-rich fruit with high vitamin C, minerals, Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E, while grapes contain flavonoids, which is an antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage. This homemade face pack acts as a natural cleanser and slows down the ageing process.

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