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Provincial Councils today: A relic or necessity?

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by Gamini Jayaweera

Congratulations to the National People’s Power (NPP)

Heartfelt congratulations and best wishes to the NPP on their resounding victory in Sri Lanka’s recently concluded Presidential and General Elections. This landslide triumph signifies a remarkable transformation in the nation’s political landscape, showcasing the NPP’s ability to connect with and inspire diverse communities across the country. Overcoming their earlier pro-Marxist political roots, the NPP’s success reflects a historic shift, underscoring their evolution into a unifying force capable of addressing the aspirations of the Sri Lankan people.

The NPP has demonstrated unparalleled success by garnering support across diverse regions, from the Sinhala-dominated South to the Tamil-majority North, the multicultural and multi-religious West, the Central region including plantation Tamils, and even achieving significant gains in the Muslim-majority East. This unprecedented victory symbolises a unifying moment for the country, transcending traditional divides and fostering a sense of shared identity among Sri Lankans.

Defeating the Old Order

For decades, the political landscape in Sri Lanka was dominated by entrenched elite forces rooted in Sinhala and Tamil nationalism, which deepened divisions and fostered mistrust among communities. However, this election has marked a decisive shift, relegating these forces to political irrelevance. A new generation of progressive young leaders representing Sinhalese, Tamil, and Muslim communities has risen, joined by a disillusioned adult populace, to champion a vision of a united Sri Lanka. Together, they have rejected divisive politics, embracing an inclusive national identity that celebrates the nation’s rich diversity.

A Turning Point in Sri Lankan Politics

This remarkable victory, driven by progressive movements particularly in the North and East, invites reflection on the structural and constitutional frameworks that govern the nation. Among these, the role and relevance of Provincial Councils (PCs) merit careful reconsideration.

As the newly elected government has pledged to introduce a new Constitution, one that abolishes the Executive Presidency and reforms the electoral system, it is crucial to engage in thoughtful dialogue about the future of Sri Lanka’s governance. These ideas, while personal, are shared here as food for thought for the NPP leadership as they embark on this transformative journey.

Provincial Councils

The Provincial Council (PC) system in Sri Lanka, introduced in 1987, arose under significant pressure from the Indian government. Its aim was to establish lasting peace, particularly in the Tamil-majority regions of Jaffna, where the Tamil Tiger terrorist organisation was waging a violent campaign to create a separate state in the Northern and Eastern provinces.

These changes to Sri Lanka’s governance were formalised through the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. This amendment also declared Sinhala and Tamil as the country’s official languages while introducing English as the “link” language to promote national cohesion. Despite these constitutional reforms, the civil war persisted until the eventual defeat of the Tamil Tigers in 2009. Notably, even after the war ended, the government retained the PC system but did not devolve crucial powers such as Police and Land, thereby failing to fully implement the original agreement.

The justification for Provincial Councils lies in the need to decentralise power. This allows ethnic communities, such as Tamils and Muslims, to manage their regional affairs, addressing concerns of underrepresentation in Parliament. However, this system’s relevance and efficiency have been subjects of debate.

In countries like India, where provinces have massive populations, the PC system proves more practical and necessary. For instance, in 2024, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan are projected to have populations of 77.2 million, 238.9 million, and 82.2 million, respectively. With such vast numbers and diverse linguistic and cultural groups, decentralising governance ensures better administration and closer engagement with the populace.

In contrast, Sri Lanka’s 2021 census paints a starkly different picture. For example, the Western Province, Northern Province, and Southern Province have populations of 6.2 million, 1.2 million, and 2.7 million, respectively. This significant disparity in provincial population sizes between India and Sri Lanka underscores a critical issue. The PC system in Sri Lanka does not deliver the same financial and administrative advantages. Instead, it often imposes additional costs without yielding proportional benefits.

Given these realities, it is clear that the PC system, designed for a much larger and more diverse country like India, may not be as effective or necessary for Sri Lanka. Rationalising governance structures and redirecting resources toward unifying efforts could better serve the country’s pressing needs for economic growth and national cohesion.

A Burden Sri Lanka Cannot Afford

It is no secret that the Sri Lankan government spends exorbitantly to sustain Provincial Councils (PCs). Consider the costs: conducting elections across nine provinces, paying allowances for attending PC meetings and other engagements, providing official vehicles and drivers, subsidising telephone and electricity bills, administrative overheads, and more. Furthermore, members frequently enjoy overseas trips, to study similar systems abroad, all at the taxpayers’ expense.

In a nation grappling with economic bankruptcy, can we afford to sustain such an expensive layer of governance?

Reassessing Provincial Councils

In my view, this additional tier of political administration is unnecessary. In Sri Lanka, PCs often serve as a mechanism to accommodate party loyalists who fail to secure parliamentary seats. While the initial justification for PCs was to decentralise power, particularly to enable ethnic groups like Tamils and Muslims to manage their local affairs in regions where they form the majority, I believe that this purpose can be served just as effectively by Municipal Councils, Urban Councils, and similar local governing bodies at a fraction of the cost.

Current Context

The political landscape in Sri Lanka has undergone a significant transformation. Today’s younger generation of Tamils share much in common with their Sinhalese and Muslim peers, prioritising unity and progress over divisions based on race or religion. They aspire to participate actively in mainstream politics, seeking inclusion rather than separation.

This shift in mindset is a key factor behind the governing NPP party’s success in securing a majority in the North and gaining a notable foothold in the East. Tamil and Muslim representatives now form a larger and more influential segment of the government than in previous administrations. This increased minority representation at the national level prompts a pivotal question: Does the Provincial Council (PC) system remain relevant in this new era of inclusive politics?

In my opinion, the real challenge lies elsewhere. Major political parties, including the NPP, have not done enough to encourage or support Tamil and Muslim members in rising to prominent positions within their ranks, such as seats on the central committee or deputy leadership roles.

A Path Forward

The solution, therefore, does not rest in retaining PCs but in fostering greater inclusivity within major political parties. Positive discrimination policies, modelled after successful initiatives in countries like the UK and the USA, could promote ethnic minorities to leadership positions. These reforms would ensure that minority voices are not only heard but also influential at the highest levels of governance.

Moreover, a long-term strategy to unite Sri Lanka’s diverse communities lies in enhancing cultural and linguistic understanding. A practical step would be for the government to mandate the teaching of both Sinhala and Tamil languages in all schools from Grade 1. Early exposure to these languages would bridge cultural divides, improve communication, and strengthen national cohesion. By embedding multilingual education into the curriculum, we can build a society rooted in mutual respect and understanding.

Building a Shared Identity

This vision of unity recalls former cricketer Kumar Sangakkara’s iconic MCC Spirit of Cricket Lecture in July 2011, where he declared:

“I am Tamil, Sinhalese, Muslim, and Burgher. I am a Buddhist, a Hindu, a follower of Islam, and Christianity. I am today, and always, proudly Sri Lankan.”

Thirteen years later, these profound words resonate more than ever. Today, as a nation, we must echo his sentiment:

“We are Tamils, Sinhalese, Muslims, and Burghers. We are Buddhists, Hindus, followers of Islam, and Christianity. We are today, and always, proudly Sri Lankans.”

By fostering inclusivity, streamlining governance, and promoting linguistic harmony, Sri Lanka can chart a path toward a united, prosperous future where all citizens feel valued and represented. In this journey, Provincial Councils in their current form might best serve as a relic of the past, making way for more cohesive and efficient systems of governance.

(The writer is a Fellow of the Royal Institution of the Chartered Surveyors and holder of Master’s degree in Business Administration from Henley Management College, Oxford.)



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Features

Political violence stalking Trump administration

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A scene that unfolded during the shooting incident at the recent White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington. (BBC)

It would not be particularly revelatory to say that the US is plagued by ‘gun violence’. It is a deeply entrenched and widespread malaise that has come in tandem with the relative ease with which firearms could be acquired and owned by sections of the US public, besides other causes.

However, a third apparent attempt on the life of US President Donald Trump in around two and a half years is both thought-provoking and unsettling for the defenders of democracy. After all, whatever its short comings the US remains the world’s most vibrant democracy and in fact the ‘mightiest’ one. And the US must remain a foremost democracy for the purpose of balancing and offsetting the growing power of authoritarian states in the global power system, who are no friends of genuine representational governance.

Therefore, the recent breaching of the security cordon surrounding the White House Correspondents’ Dinner in Washington at which President Trump and his inner Cabinet were present, by an apparently ‘Lone Wolf’ gunman, besides raising issues relating to the reliability of the security measures deployed for the President, indicates a notable spike in anti-VVIP political violence in particular in the US. It is a pointer to a strong and widespread emergence of anti-democratic forces which seem to be gaining in virulence and destructiveness.

The issues raised by the attack are in the main for the US’ political Right and its supporters. They have smugly and complacently stood by while the extremists in their midst have taken centre stage and begun to dictate the course of Right wing politics. It is the political culture bred by them that leads to ‘Lone Wolf’ gunmen, for instance, who see themselves as being repressed or victimized, taking the law into their own hands, so to speak, and perpetrating ‘revenge attacks’ on the state and society.

A disproportionate degree of attention has been paid particularly internationally to Donald Trump’s personality and his eccentricities but such political persons cannot be divorced from the political culture in which they originate and have their being. That is, “structural” questions matter. Put simply, Donald Trump is a ‘true son’ of the Far Right, his principal support base. The issues raised are therefore for the President as well as his supporters of the Right.

We are obliged to respect the choices of the voting public but in the case of Trump’s election to the highest public position in the US, this columnist is inclined to see in those sections that voted for Trump blind followers of the latter who cared not for their candidate’s suitability, in every relevant respect, and therefore acted irrationally. It would seem that the Right in the US wanted their candidate to win by ‘hook or by crook’ and exercise power on their behalf.

By making the above observations this columnist does not intend to imply that voting publics everywhere in the world of democracy cast their vote sensibly. In the case of Sri Lanka, for example, the question could be raised whether the voters of the country used their vote sensibly when voting into office the majority of Executive Presidents and other persons holding high public office. The obvious answer is ‘no’ and this should lead to a wider public discussion on the dire need for thoroughgoing voter education. The issue is a ‘huge’ one that needs to be addressed in the appropriate forums and is beyond the scope of this column.

Looking back it could be said that the actions of Trump and his die-hard support base led to the Rule of Law in the US being undermined as perhaps never before in modern times. A shaming moment in this connection was the protest march, virtually motivated by Trump, of his supporters to the US Capitol on January 6th, 2021, with the aim of scuttling the presidential poll result of that year. Much violence and unruly behaviour, as known, was let loose. This amounted to denigrating the democratic process and encouraging the violent take over of the state.

In a public address, prior to the unruly conduct of his supporters, Trump is on record as blaring forth the following: ‘We won this election and we won by a landslide’, ‘We will stop the steal’, ‘We will never give up. We will never concede. It doesn’t happen’, ‘If you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore.’

It is plain to see that such inflammatory utterances could lead impressionable minds in particular to revolt violently. Besides, they should have led the more rationally inclined to wonder whether their candidate was the most suitable person to hold the office of President.

Unfortunately, the latter process was not to be and the question could be raised whether the US is in the ‘safest pair of hands’. Needless to say, as events have revealed, Donald Trump is proving to be one of the most erratic heads of state the US has ever had.

However, the latest attempt on the life of President Trump suggests that considerable damage has been done to the democratic integrity of the US and none other than the President himself has to take on himself a considerable proportion of the blame for such degeneration, besides the US’ Far Right. They could be said to be ‘reaping the whirlwind.’

It is a time for soul-searching by the US Right. The political Right has the right to exist, so the speak, in a functional democracy but it needs to take cognizance of how its political culture is affecting the democratic integrity or health of the US. Ironically, the repressive and chauvinistic politics advocated by it is having the effect of activating counter-violence of the most murderous kind, as was witnessed at the White House Correspondents’ Dinner. Continued repressive politics could only produce more such incidents that could be self-defeating for the US.

Some past US Presidents were assassinated but the present political violence in the country brings into focus as perhaps never before the role that an anti-democratic political culture could play in unraveling the gains that the US has made over the decades. A duty is cast on pro-democracy forces to work collectively towards protecting the democratic integrity and strength of the US.

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22nd Anniversary Gala …action-packed event

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The Skyliners: Shanaka Viswakula (bass), Mario Ranasuriya (lead guitar), Daryl D'Souza (keyboards) and Kushmin Balasuriya (drums)

The Editor-in-Chief of The Sri Lankan Anchorman, a Toronto-based monthly, celebrating Sri Lankan community life in Canada, is none other than veteran Sri Lankan journalist Dirk Tissera, who moved to Canada in 1997. His wife, Michelle, whom he calls his “tower of strength”, is the Design Editor.

According to reports coming my way, the paper has turned out to be extremely popular in Toronto.

In fact, The Sri Lankan Anchorman won a press award in Toronto for excellence in editorial content and visual presentation.

However, the buzz in the air in Canada, right now, is The Sri Lankan Anchorman’s 22nd Anniversary Gala, to be held on Friday, 12 June, 2026, at the J&J Swagat Banquet Convention Centre, in Toronto.

An action-packed programme has been put together for the night, featuring some of the very best artistes in the Toronto scene.

The Skylines, who are classified as ‘the local musical band in Toronto’, will headline the event.

Dirk Tissera and wife Michelle: Supporting Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman
in 2002

They have performed and backed many legendary Sri Lanka singers.

According to Dirk, The Skylines can belt out a rhythm with gusto … be it Western, Sinhala or Tamil hits.

Also adding sparkle to the evening will be the legendary Fahmy Nazick, who, with his smooth and velvety vocals, will have the crowd on the floor.

Fahmy who was a household name, back in Sri Lanka, will be flying down from Virginia, USA.

He has captivated audiences in Sri Lanka, the Middle East and North America, and this will be his fourth visit to Toronto – back by popular demand,

Cherry DeLuna, who is described by Dirk as a powerhouse, also makes her appearance on stage and is all set to stir up the tempo with her cool and easy delivery.

“She’s got a great voice and vocal range that has captivated audiences out here”, says Dirk.

Chamil Welikala, said to be one of the hottest DJs in town, will be spinning his magic … in English, Sinhala, Tamil and Latin.


Both Jive and Baila competitions are on the cards among many other surprises on the night of 12 June.

This is The Anchorman’s fifth annual dance in a row – starting from 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 – and both Dirk and Michelle, and The Anchorman, have always produced elegant social events in Toronto.

“We intend to knock this one out of the park,” the duo says, adding that Western music and Sinhala and Tamil songs is something they’ve always delivered and the crowd loves it.

“We have always supported Sri Lanka-Canada community events, in Toronto, since launching The Anchorman, in 2002, and we intend to keep it that way.”

No doubt, there will be a large crowd of Sri Lankans, from all communities, turning up, on 12 June, to support Dirk, Michelle and The Anchorman.

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Features

Face Pack for Radiant Skin

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* Apple and Orange:

Blend a few apple and orange pieces together. Add to it a pinch of turmeric and one tablespoon of honey. Apply it to the face and neck and rinse off after 30 minutes. This face pack is suitable for all skin types.

According to experts, apple is one of the best fruits for your skin health with Vitamin A, B complex and Vitamin C and minerals, while, with the orange peel, excessive oil secretion can be easily balanced.

* Mango and Curd:

Ripe mango pulp, mixed with curd, can be rubbed directly onto the skin to remove dirt and cleanse clogged pores. Rinse off after a few minutes.

Yes, of course, mango is a tasty and delicious fruit and this is the mango season in our part of the world, and it has extra-ordinary benefits to skin health. Vitamins C and E in mangoes protect the skin from the UV rays of the sun and promotes cell regeneration. It also promotes skin elasticity and fights skin dullness and acne, while curd, in combination, further adds to it.

*  Grapes and Kiwi:

Take a handful of grapes and make a pulp of it. Simultaneously, take one kiwi fruit and mash it after peeling its skin. Now mix them and add some yoghurt to it. Apply it on your face for few minutes and wash it off.

Here again experts say that kiwi is the best nutrient-rich fruit with high vitamin C, minerals, Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E, while grapes contain flavonoids, which is an antioxidant that protects the skin from free radical damage. This homemade face pack acts as a natural cleanser and slows down the ageing process.

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