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Pathfinder demands early action by Colombo to halt ecological disaster being caused by Tamil Nadu in Palk Bay, Gulf of Mannar

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Recently, Kachchativu Island has attracted attention not only from fisherfolk of India and Sri Lanka but also from political leaders of both nations and the judiciary. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake’s visit to Kachchativu in September marked a significant milestone. For the first time in history, the leader of Sri Lanka expressed interest in the ongoing debate over the island — an issue settled decades ago after lengthy negotiations. Meanwhile, India’s Chief Justice Surya Kant, who was in Colombo just weeks before his appointment, while not explicitly mentioning Kachchativu or illegal fishing activities by Indian fishers in Sri Lankan waters, emphasised that environmental cooperation is not a matter of charity or diplomacy; it is a necessity for survival.

Focusing on Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar, which are currently under severe stress from overfishing, destructive trawling, and unregulated coastal activities, as well as recurring confrontations between Indian trawlers and Sri Lankan fishers, he said the situation exemplifies a deeper ecological tragedy-competition for an exhausted resource base. Looking ahead, he added that “the time has come for India and Sri Lanka to pioneer a regional model of environmental constitutionalism.” Among the suggestions he made were establishing a Joint Commission on Marine Ecology and creating data-sharing protocols for pollution and fisheries management between the two countries.

It has been over half a century since India and Sri Lanka established the International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) through two bilateral agreements in 1974 and 1976. These agreements—signed, ratified, and recognised internationally—not only defined sovereign maritime boundaries but also definitively confirmed Sri Lanka’s ownership of Kachchativu Island once and for all. These two agreements did not provide for traditional fishing rights for Indian fishermen to fish in Sri Lankan waters. Following these agreements, Sri Lankan fishermen withdrew from their traditional fishing grounds around the Wadge Bank, located south of Kanya Kumari and the southern part of Pedro Bank, north of the Jaffna Peninsula, which came under Indian control. However, Indian fishermen have continued to demand “traditional fishing rights” in Sri Lankan waters.

Despite these agreements, reached after lengthy and intense negotiations, the issue of Kachchativu and illegal fishing persists, not due to any ambiguity in law or diplomacy, but because of a calculated political and economic interest in sustaining them. Tamil Nadu’s persistence in raising the issue is less about sovereignty and more about securing access to the rich fishing grounds around Kachchativu — and, unsurprisingly, far beyond that island.

According to reports this year, by mid-July, Sri Lanka had detained 24 Indian trawlers and taken into custody 181 fishermen for illegally entering Sri Lankan waters, fishing without licences, and engaging in bottom trawling. On 5th, 6th and 9th August, 31 fishermen were taken into custody, and on 28th September, another 12 were apprehended. These arrests continued in October, netting 47 fishermen and five trawlers, and in November, 49 fishermen and five fishing vessels.

The Real Issue: Industrial-Scale Poaching

Although Tamil Nadu’s claims suggest the dispute centres on fishing rights near Kachchativu, Indian trawlers frequently encroach into Sri Lankan waters well beyond the vicinity of that island. Their illegal activities have been observed along the northern, north-western, and even eastern coasts of Sri Lanka. It appears that Kachchativu is merely a distraction; the real issue lies in the pursuit of unsustainable and illegal bottom trawling in Sri Lankan waters, driven by profit.

Bottom trawling harms the marine environment. It not only harvests mature fish and prawns but also damages seabed habitats, kills juvenile marine life, and creates wasteful bycatch, accounting for about 30 per cent of the total catch. The damage is long-lasting and may take decades to repair, if it can be repaired at all. The fish catch in the northern peninsula, which was 35,000 MT in 1995, dropped to 17,000 MT in 1923—once a thriving industry in the conflict-affected Northern Province—serves as a silent reminder of the destruction caused.

Political Opportunism Across the Palk Strait

When a few of the hundreds of Indian trawlers that trespass into Sri Lankan waters are seized and the offenders are arrested, protests flare up in Tamil Nadu, from where most of the intruders originate. These protesters appeal to the state government, which then petitions New Delhi, demanding decisive action to recover Kachchativu Island. What took place during the 2024 Lok Sabha elections was turning Kachchativu, a non-issue, into a political football, not to score goals but to garner votes.

Sri Lanka, by comparison, has remained notably restrained and consistent. Over the past fifty years, the only activities undertaken by the Sri Lankan state on Kachchativu Island have been the renovation of St. Anthony’s Church and the organisation of annual church celebrations held in March, attended by pilgrims from Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka.

Time for a Science-Based Solution

By the way, what has Sri Lanka done in the past half-century since asserting its rightful claim to the island? Absolutely nothing! That is strange behaviour after extensive, painstaking negotiations over the maritime boundary and the ownership of Kachchativu. Is it due to a lack of imagination or simply lethargy?

Although sovereignty over Kachchativu has been established, concerns about the health of the Palk Bay ecosystem persist, as Indian Chief Justice Kant highlighted. It is now essential to shift the debate from profits and politics to science and sustainability. Sri Lankan institutions must take the lead in achieving that goal.

Several years ago, the Pathfinder Foundation proposed establishing a marine research station on Kachchativu Island to make productive use of the currently barren land. This could be realised through collaboration with national organisations such as the Department of Fisheries, the National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA), and Sri Lankan universities. India has numerous research stations along its coastline, including regional centres of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Research Units, and others. A research station in Kachchativu, among others, could:

Quantify the impact of illegal bottom trawling.

Monitor marine biodiversity and ecological degradation.

Document migratory patterns and spawning areas.

Make recommendations to arrest the deterioration of marine ecosystems and improve fish stocks.

Facilitate dialogue grounded in scientific evidence.

The old argument — that Kachchativu lacks basic facilities like power, water, and sanitation — no longer holds water. Today, solar power, desalination units, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), and environmentally friendly sanitation systems are both cost-effective and easy to deploy. The island, covering 1.15 sq km, though small, is large enough for a low-impact scientific outpost and modular research laboratories to research and develop proposals to enhance fish stocks in the area.

Furthermore, research carried out at this station could be shared with Indian counterparts to enhance understanding of sustainability, transparency, and scientific diplomacy. A well-organised, collaborative framework could establish joint marine conservation initiatives and even future agreements for seasonal, well-regulated artisanal fishing that does not involve bottom trawling.

Conclusion: Act Before It’s Too Late

India and Sri Lanka could benefit greatly from maritime cooperation and avoid substantial losses resulting from ecological collapse and ongoing bilateral tensions. Instead of insisting on revisiting a settled agreement, both countries—especially their coastal communities—would gain more from science-based management of the Palk Bay ecosystem.

Sri Lanka must avoid allowing political expediency to jeopardise regional stability and marine sustainability. It should exercise decisive leadership to seize the current opportunity. Pathfinder Foundation remains ready to help steer that course, grounded in legal principles, supported by scientific evidence, and driven by long-term national interests.

This is a Pathfinder perspective. Can read more on the web www.pathfinderfoundation.org and communicate with us at pm@pathfinderfoundation.org.



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If we are to live fulfilling and happy lives, we need unity, mutual understanding, harmony, as well as art – PM

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Prime Minister Dr. Harini Amarasuriya stated that art, together with unity, mutual understanding and harmony, is essential for people to lead fulfilling and happy lives. She further emphasized the importance of preserving our identity while remaining open-minded and prepared to face the challenges of a rapidly changing society.

The Prime Minister made these remarks while participating in the opening ceremony of a special educational and cultural trade exhibition and festival organized jointly by the Wayamba Janakala Foundation and the Siyapatha Kala Sangamaya, with the vision of revitalizing the artistic heritage of the Seven Korales and creating a culturally empowered individual who appreciates the arts. The event was held at the Wayamba Janakala Centre on  Saturday, 12 September 2026.

The exhibition will be held from 12 to 18 September, from 10.00 a.m. to midnight. The cultural festival has been organized for school students, teachers, youths, and adults.

At the commencement of the exhibition, the Prime Minister opened the exhibition stall of the Department of Education and officially launched the website of the Janakala Foundation.

Veteran artists representing the North Western Province who have made an outstanding contribution to the field of art, including Professor Mudiyanse Dissanayake, Nibiriyagama Bandara, Anton Coorey and Charitha Wickramasinghe, were also felicitated by the Prime Minister on this occasion.

Addressing the occasion, the Prime Minister further stated:

“We believe that art and culture, both are important in realizing the thriving nation and beautiful life that we aspire. It is equally important to see and learn about the heritage of our country and, through our experiences, engage in a dialogue on how we can take these traditions forward by incorporating them into our lives in ways that are relevant to the present day.

As the Member of Parliament mentioned to me, films are being screened here, educational programmes and workshops are being conducted, and there are a number of performing arts presentations. Through all of these activities, what we hope to achieve is to enrich the lives of the people of the North Western Province. Being ‘rich’ does not mean economic prosperity alone. Building roads, constructing buildings and developing housing facilities are all necessary. But these alone are not sufficient. We can build a modern city out of concrete and still live empty lives devoid of happiness, sensitivity or fulfilment. If we are to truly make our lives fulfilling and create happiness, however, we need things such as these. We need unity, mutual understanding and harmony.

We must also learn through experience how to conduct ourselves in public spaces and how to remain safe within society. We cannot assume that we can protect ourselves simply by separating ourselves from everything and remaining closed off. While preserving our identity, we must be prepared to face the challenges ahead with an open mind if we are to learn how to live safely in a complex society that is changing rapidly due to technology.

Therefore, today, I encourage you to speak to someone you have never spoken to before. Try to understand their life. Share your ideas and experiences with someone who has come from a place far away from you, someone who does not speak your language, or someone who belongs to a different religion or culture. It is through such interactions that our lives become broader and we gain an understanding of new things.

That is also why art and culture are essential to our lives. A good book can take us to places we have never been. A good work of art or a film can bring us closer to another person’s experience in a way that allows us to feel it ourselves. Therefore, I invite everyone to enjoy and appreciate the arts today with a very open mind and a sense of enthusiasm.

I am grateful to everyone who worked hard and dedicated themselves to making this event possible. I wish for these seven days of programmes to be highly successful and to provide everyone with seven days of memorable experiences.

The occasion was attended by the Governor of the North Western Province Tissa Warnasuriya, Deputy Ministers Namal Karunarathna and Namal Sudarshana, Member of Parliament Dharmapriya Dissanayake, other Members of Parliament, the Mayor of Kurunegala, Chairpersons of Pradeshiya Sabhas, Chairman of the Janakala Foundation Anil K. Senadheera, government officials, school students, residents of the area.



(Prime Minister’s Media Division)

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Dr. Roshanie Dissanayake appointed Secretary to the Ministry of Science and Technology

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President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has appointed Dr. Roshanie Dissanayake as the Secretary to the Ministry of Science and Technology.

The letter of appointment was handed over to Dr. Dissanayake by Secretary to the President Dr. Nandika Sanath Kumanayake at the Presidential Secretariat on Friday (11) morning.

Dr. Roshanie Dissanayake has also served as an Additional Secretary (Sri Lanka Administrative Service – Special Grade) at the Ministry of Public Administration, Provincial Councils and Local Government.

President’s Media Division (PMD)

 

 

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Gnanasara Thero absconding after SC ruling

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Ven. Galagoda Aththe Gnanasara Thero was not at his temple in Rajagiriya when prison officials visited the premises yesterday to take steps following the Supreme Court ruling that nullified the presidential pardon granted to him, police sources said.

Prison officials who visited the temple on Nawala Road, Rajagiriya, were reportedly informed by those present that the Thero’s whereabouts were unknown. The development comes a day after the Supreme Court declared former President Maithripala Sirisena’s 2019 pardon of Gnanasara Thero null and void.

The three-member Supreme Court bench comprising Justices Janak De Silva, Dr. Sobhitha Rajakaruna and Sampath B. Abayakoon held that the pardon was arbitrary, violated the public trust and principles of natural justice, and was made beyond the proper exercise of the President’s constitutional discretion.

The case arose from Gnanasara Thero’s conduct at the Homagama Magistrate’s Court in January 2016 during proceedings relating to the disappearance of journalist and political cartoonist Prageeth Eknaligoda.

The Court of Appeal convicted him on four counts of contempt of court in 2018 and imposed concurrent prison terms amounting to six years. He had served about nine months when Sirisena granted him a presidential pardon on May 23, 2019.

The Supreme Court found that although Article 34 empowers the President to grant pardons, that power is held in trust for the people and is subject to constitutional limitations and judicial review. The Court concluded that Sirisena had effectively acted on the recommendation of the Additional Secretary (Legal) without demonstrating that he had independently considered the relevant material.

Justice De Silva held that the pardon was “arbitrary”, violated public trust and the rules of natural justice, and was ultra vires the President’s powers. The Court consequently found that the decision violated the fundamental right to equality guaranteed by Article 12(1) of the Constitution.

The ruling effectively restores the legal position under the original conviction, leaving Gnanasara Thero without the benefit of the 2019 pardon. The Supreme Court also clarified that a pardon does not erase a conviction or sentence, but merely relieves an offender from serving the sentence to the extent specified in the pardon.

Gnanasara Thero, the General Secretary of the Bodu Bala Sena, had been convicted over his conduct during proceedings concerning the disappearance of Eknaligoda, who went missing in January 2010 and has not been located.

Sandhya Eknaligoda, Prageeth Eknaligoda’s wife, was among those who challenged the presidential pardon before the Supreme Court, alongside the Centre for Policy Alternatives and its Executive Director Dr. Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu.

The detailed account of the judgment indicates that the Court’s ruling primarily nullified the pardon and restored the legal effect of the original sentence, with the implementation of the sentence falling to the relevant authorities.

Police sources said that the Supreme Court, however, did not permanently close the door on executive clemency. It held that a future President could grant Gnanasara Thero another pardon, provided the power is exercised lawfully and after proper consideration of all relevant material.

The Supreme Court has so far overturned three presidential pardons granted to two former Presidents. In January 2024, the Court declared former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s pardon of former MP Duminda Silva unlawful and invalid. In June 2024, it invalidated two pardons granted by former President Maithripala Sirisena to Royal Park murder convict Jude Shramantha Anthony Jayamaha — the first in May 2016, which commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment, and the second in October 2019, which released him from prison. Jayamaha, who was convicted of the murder of 19-year-old Yvonne Johnson, remains at large. Most recently, on September 10, 2026, the Supreme Court declared Sirisena’s 2019 pardon of Ven. Galagoda Aththe Gnanasara Thero null and void, ruling that it was arbitrary and inconsistent with the Constitution.

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