Midweek Review

India’s Vietnam moment, US pullout and Afghan dilemma

Published

5 years ago

2021/08/25

UNP’s call to terminate diplomatic relations with Taliban questionable

By Shamindra Ferdinando

Can the recent US pullout, from Afghanistan, be compared with the Indian withdrawal, from Sri Lanka ,in late March 1990? Some sections of the Western media, at that time ,called the disastrous Indian military intervention here (July 1987-March 1990) India’s Vietnam. Reference was also made to what some called India’s Vietnam moment. The Washington Post report, that dealt with the situation in Sri Lanka, in the wake of ‘Operation Pawan,’ was aptly headlined, India’s Vietnam? The US media giant declared: “One reason that Sri Lanka had been unable to tame the ‘Tamil Tigers’ was the support that an indulgent New Delhi had let flow to them from India’s 50 million Tamils.”

What the Washington Post report, dated Oct 27, 1987, left unsaid, was that New Delhi armed over a half a dozen terrorist groups, in Sri Lanka, on the specific instructions of the then Indian Premier, Indira Gandhi, though Tamil Nadu was routinely blamed for the aggression. No less a person than the late Indian National Security Advisor and veteran diplomat J.N. Dixit, who had been Indian High Commissioner in Colombo (1985-1989) in his memoirs ‘Makers of India’s Foreign Policy’ acknowledged the executive prime ministerial decision to arm terrorists here.

Dixit’s declaration should be examined against the backdrop of Indira Gandhi‘s assassination by her Sikh bodyguards, on Oct 31, 1984. When did Indira Gandhi actually authorise arming of terrorist groups in Sri Lanka?

May be we shouldn’t be so unkind to Mrs. Gandhi, for obviously she was also a victim of circumstances, clearly sowed by the West. Mind you this was a time when the West was clearly lighting separatist fires right across India, be it in Punjab, Assam or Tripura. And the separatist fire that was lit here had, as its final aim, the breakup of India. The July ’83 riots, in the country, were clearly due to manipulation of the police here not to nip it in the bud by powerful interests. We even saw at firsthand how police, in different areas, went round egging the poor, among the Sinhalese and Muslims, to attack Tamils, who were considered the haves. So, in the resultant picture of mob violence, against hapless Tamils, that was created, can we blame Mrs. Gandhi for the counter steps that she took? She wanted to show the huge long restless Tamil population, in Tamil Nadu, that it was not the West that would give succor and protection to Tamils, in Sri Lanka, but mother India. The West even would have had plenty of infiltrators among her intelligence to feed her fears. From the word go, mind you, it was not in India that many of these separatists had their rear bases but in the capitals of the powerful West. For example, the LTTE International Secretariat was based in London, even after the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi by it. Of course, their lame excuse was that the LTTE had not violated British laws!

She may have even assented to the ambush of a Sri Lankan military patrol, by Tamil terrorists, at Thinnavely, Jaffna, that was used by vested forces to trigger the anti-Tamil violence, in the south, with police not lifting a finger to stop it, let alone even firing a warning shot.

There had been an interesting incident, around 1977, at a cocktail party, in Manila, where a big talking American, who was obviously after one too many, had boasted to our Ambassador there, the late Oliver Perera, that soon there would be an armed rebellion, by Tamils, in Sri Lanka!

Obviously, Indira Gandhi’s assassination didn’t halt the despicable Indian project which culminated with the deployment of the Indian Army here. She was succeeded by son Rajiv, 40, the sixth and the youngest Indian Premier who intensified assistance to terrorist groups here. PM Gandhi also intervened, on behalf of the LTTE ,when the latter faced certain defeat in the hands of the Sri Lankan military.

If Rajiv Gandhi returned at the 1989 general election, the then Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa, elected in the previous year, wouldn’t have succeeded in getting rid of the Indian Army. Those who propagated, and justified, New Delhi’s direct intervention, here, following the July 1983 violence, directed at the Tamil community, conveniently ignored the truth that India triggered the riots by causing the deaths of 13 soldiers at Thinnaveli, in Jaffna. There had never been such a devastating attack on the Army, until Indian trained terrorists wiped out the lightly armed mobile patrol.

Can the US invasion of Afghanistan, in the wake of the 9/11 carnage, and the Indian military misadventure, in Sri Lanka, be compared? In the case of Afghanistan, the US invaded that country, on the pretext of going after those responsible for 9/11, receiving refuge there, whereas New Delhi forced Army deployment here to impose a ‘political’ solution. Over 30 years later, the Indian solution is on the Geneva agenda!

On both occasions, powerful foreign forces had pathetically failed to achieve their primary objectives, though the circumstances were totally different. For the US, both Afghanistan and the fall of Saigon, way back, in late April 1975, meant the humiliating failure of Washington’s strategic policy. In other words, the US abandoned South Vietnam and Afghanistan administrations, and here, in Sri Lanka, India gave up a Tamil administration, installed by its Army. India went to the extent of forming, what was dubbed, Tamil National Army (TNA) to protect the NE provincial administration.

The US-led NATO forces, invaded Afghanistan to destroy the Taliban administration, accused of providing safe haven to those responsible for the 9/11 attacks, though, at the end, the US negotiated with them whereas the Indian military mission was meant to disarm Tamil groups, once sponsored by New Delhi. It would be pertinent to mention that the US invaded Afghanistan, though the majority of those involved in the 9/11 attacks, were Saudis. Of the 19 attackers, 15 were Saudi citizens, two were from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), one was from Lebanon, and one from Egypt.

India destabilised Sri Lanka in a bid to create a situation, conducive for deployment of its Army, followed by Provincial Council elections, rigged in favour of the Eelam People’s Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF). With the Indian Army deployed in Sri Lanka, New Delhi forced the then JRJ administration to introduce the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. As the writer pointed out before, the 13th Amendment has ended up in the Geneva agenda.

Perhaps, those who had referred to New Delhi’s military misadventure here as India’s Vietnam may consider calling the US withdrawal, from Afghanistan, America’s Sri Lanka moment. The US pullout caused the immediate collapse of 72-year-old Mohammad Ashraf Ghani’s Afghan administration. Twice President Ghani, with the knowledge of the US, secured political asylum in the UAE. Ghani couldn’t have done so without the blessings of the Biden administration. International media coverage of the pathetic scenes at the Kabul airport must have deeply embarrassed the US. Those who believed the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces — including an 180,000 strong Afghan National Army, and a police force with 150,000 personnel, besides an Air Force, and other security wings — trained by the US military, NATO and India – could face up to the Taliban. They simply folded up like a house of cards, proving utterly unequal to the task of holding on to territory, and containing the Taliban. The Afghan imbroglio cannot be discussed without taking into consideration the US-Taliban agreement, finalised in Doha, in Qatar, in February, last year. In other words, Biden implemented the agreement between his predecessor Trump and the Taliban. Most probably, the US must have sealed the fate of its costly mission by its blind drone strikes there, which would have killed many hundreds, if not thousands, of innocents, thereby turning many more Afghans against the whole false façade of the West, fighting for human rights and fair play for their much-exploited women. Surely, how many times did they strike funeral processions, or weddings, while targeting the Taliban, using their smart missiles? Now, they and their allies have turned tail and run, leaving behind for the Taliban to use billions of dollars’ worth of state-of-the-art weapons!

India also stepped up engagement with Taliban, in the wake of US moves to bring the 20-year-old disastrous Afghan chapter to an end. One shouldn’t be surprised by the Indian strategy, as India cannot lose its relationship with Afghanistan, in the wake of the US pullout. That would be a major blunder on India’s part. Perhaps, the Afghan military received instructions, from those who sponsored them, to quickly give up the fight. That possibility cannot be ruled out. Perhaps, Ghani knew of that likelihood. In spite of being trained and equipped by US and its NATO allies, the Afghan Army didn’t have the guts to face the Taliban, who advanced to Kabul without facing any organised resistance. Quad member India, too, provided training to thousands of Afghan officers, and men, both in Afghanistan as well as at various training facilities, in India, over a period of time. India also provided a range of weapons, including helicopter gunships to Afghanistan. Of several Mi-24 helicopter gunships provided by India, the Taliban seized one as the Afghan Army quickly gave up the fight for Kabul. The swift collapse of the Afghan Army must have definitely embarrassed those who trained them.

India deployed Mi-24s against the LTTE here whereas the Sri Lanka Air Force acquired the same, in 1995, after the LTTE introduced surface-to-air heat seeking missiles.

In 1990, Sri Lanka faced a situation similar to that faced by the Afghan military. The Sri Lankan military struggled to cope up with an unprecedented crisis. The vacuum created by the Indian withdrawal had to be filled quickly but the Army lacked the strength. However, the country’s intrepid armed forces faced the challenge. The military saved the country from a catastrophe, in the wake of the Indian pullout.

The writer was among a group of journalists, invited to board INS Magar,on the morning of March 24, 1990, at the Trincomalee harbour, soon after the last contingent of Indian troops boarded the troop-carrier. The vessel left the port to the farewell strains of Auld lang syne, played by the Sri Lankan military. Before their departure, the Indian Commander, here, Lt. General A.S. Kalkat, declared, on board INS Magar: “We came as a proud force and are leaving as a proud force.” India lost 1,155 IPKF officers, and men, on top of 2,984 personnel wounded. India never bothered to build a monument for those who perished during the conflict here.

The Afghan Army didn’t have the stomach to fight the Taliban though there were some confrontations between them, as the US stepped up withdrawal. India re-trained Tamil terrorists, belonging to several groups, as well as new cadres, including underage children, as a last minute effort to establish, what was then known as the Tamil National Army. The TNA was meant to protect the then North-East administration of EPRLF strongman Varatharaja Perumal. However, the TNA collapsed, even before India completed its withdrawal, under controversial circumstances. India evacuated Perumal, along with those near and dear to him. The LTTE assassinated Rajiv Gandhi over a year later. Gandhi’s crime was sending the Indian Army here. Prabhakaran conveniently forgot how Gandhi saved him, in 1987, when the Sri Lanka Army was advancing on his hideout in the Vadamaratchchy region.

Resumption of hostilities

March 24, 1990, Trincomalee harbour: The last batch of Indian Army to leave Sri Lanka at the end of the disastrous mission

Less than three months, after India quit Sri Lanka, the LTTE resumed hostilities. Having gained valuable experience in fighting South Asia’s largest Army, the LTTE obviously believed the relatively smaller Sri Lanka Army could be overwhelmed in a meticulously planned offensive. By the end of June 1990, the LTTE had taken control of the Northern and Eastern Provinces, with the military confined to major bases. The police remained within their stations. When the writer, accompanied a group of journalists, assigned to cover the Indian departure ,from Trincomalee, the eastern port city was under threat. Both police and the military therein had no qualms in acknowledging the growing threat posed by LTTE units, operating just outside the town. Had the LTTE plan succeeded, Sri Lanka would have suffered an irrevocable setback in the Northern theatre of operations. As a result of miscalculations, on the part of the then political leadership, the LTTE had an opportunity to build up the required strength for a major offensive. The LTTE had the wherewithal to neutralise the Army, north of Vavuniya. Destruction, and the vacation of Army detachments, along the Kandy-Jaffna A9 road, isolated the Jaffna peninsula.

The LTTE couldn’t achieve its primary objective as the Army, in spite of being surrounded, managed to hold onto its strategic Elephant Pass base. The public would be surprised to know, at the time the LTTE resumed hostilities, the Army didn’t even have two battalions deployed in the entire Northern and Vanni regions. The then political and military leaderships never bothered to make contingency plans, as the Indians gradually withdrew from the Northern and Eastern regions. The last Indian contingent left by air, and sea, from Trincomalee, leaving the LTTE to isolate and destroy the police and the military. The LTTE realised the difficulties experienced by the military, primarily due to them not being at least engaged in proper patrolling. The armed forces, and the police, had been successful in neutralising the JVP threat (1987-1990) though the conventional LTTE challenge was not anticipated. The military hadn’t been prepared in the immediate aftermath of the Indian pullout.

Once the LTTE resumed hostilities, in the East, where the group massacred several hundred policemen, after they surrendered, on a government directive, the fighting quickly spread to the Northern theatre. The LTTE overran the Kokavil detachment, north of Vavuniya, in June 1990, and swiftly established control over the Vanni region. Successive governments had to move supplies, required by the military, and police, deployed in the Jaffna peninsula, by sea and air. The overland Main Supply Route (MSR) was restored in January 2009, during the final phase of the Vanni offensive.

The military and the police thwarted two JVP insurrections in 1971 and 1987-1990 and defeated conventional military challenges posed by the LTTE.

When the LTTE resumed hostilities, within months after the Indian withdrawal, in March 1990, the total strength of the Army had been 60,596 officers, and men, in both the Regular and Volunteer Forces. They had been deployed in isolated bases, with the majority outside the Northern and Eastern regions and, if not for the bravery of ordinary men and resolute leadership, given by some officers, they would have been overwhelmed in the Northern Province. Of the total strength at that time, the Regular Army comprised 2,221 officers and 36,304 other ranks. The Sri Lanka Army must have found the ground situation extremely difficult to handle as, at the height of the Indian Army deployment here, the IPKF comprised approximately 100,000 officers and men.

TNA’s view on Taliban

Jaffna District Illankai Tamil Arasu Kadchi (ITAK) MP Sivagnanam Sridharan recently compared the spectacularly successful Taliban advance, on Kabul, and the Tamil community’s struggle. Sridharan declared that struggles, undertaken by minority communities, could erupt at any moment. Justifying their struggle, MP Sridharan warned of dire consequences if the community was suppressed. Obviously, the Jaffna District lawmaker believed the Taliban’s return to Kabul boosted the Tamil community. Sridharan should be reminded that his political party served the LTTE’s terror project, from 2001 until the crushing military defeat of the organisation, in May 2009. The TNA believed in the LTTE’s capability to bring its terror project to a successful conclusion. MP Sridharan, expecting Taliban to provide a boost, shouldn’t come as a surprise, as another TNA lawmaker. M.A. Sumanthiran, PC, attempted to exploit the 2019 Easter Sunday attacks. The TNA heavyweight had no doubts in issuing a warning, a week after the Easter Sunday carnage (at the BMICH), when he declared that such attacks should be expected if grievances of minorities weren’t addressed.

Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik, 32, shocked the world, in late July 2011, by massacring 90 and wounding over 300 in two separate incidents. Breivik made references to the LTTE as a role model in his ‘manifesto’ that was released to the web, hours before the devastating bomb attack, in central Oslo, and the subsequent shooting rampage in an island resort. So no one should be surprised over MP Sridharan talking in glowing terms about Taliban’s triumph, or MP Sumanthiran seeing the Easter Sunday massacre as a way to pressure the government over minority rights.

UNP Chairman Vajira Abeywardena’s recent call to terminate diplomatic ties with Afghanistan, in the wake of the Taliban triumph, reminded the writer of UNP leader Ranil Wickremesinghe assuring Japan (now a Quad member) that the LTTE hadn’t been involved with Al Qaeda. The assurance was given at a meeting organised by the Japan Center for Conflict Prevention (JCCP) at the Imperial Hotel. The writer accompanied the GoSL delegation, led by the then Premier Ranil Wickremesinghe whose task was to appreciate the Japanese role in the Oslo-led peace process (LTTE not linked to al-Qaeda, PM tells Japan-The Sunday Island, Dec 8, 2002). The Taliban provided a safe haven for those who had fought the Soviet Union, in the wake of its invasion of Afghanistan, in Dec 1979. Osama bin Laden had been among those who secured the protection of Taliban, having served US interests during the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. The Western media, and top US officials, have routinely referred to Afghanistan being the Soviet Union’s Vietnam. Decades later, the same fate has befallen the US military.

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Midweek Review

H’tota port’s strategic status remains focal point of geopolitical scrutiny

Published

2 days ago

2026/07/1

Sahan Weerasooriya

Chinese scientific research vessel Yuan Wang 5 at the Hambantota International Port (HIP) in August 2022. The visit took place just weeks after the overthrowing of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa. The second Chinese research vessel Shi Yan 6 arrived at the Colombo port in October, 2023. In the wake of the Chinese ship visits, the US and India forced Sri Lanka to impose a moratorium on such visits on January 1, 2024. Although the government announced it would be for one year, the moratorium remains.

By Shamindra Ferdinando

Dual-use naval facilities are commercial ports, shipyards, or maritime hubs operationally designed and equipped to support military operations when required though they operate primarily for civilian trade in peacetime.

The issue at hand is whether the Hambantota International Port (HIP) operated as a public-private partnership between Sri Lanka and China is one such dual-use naval facility, as propagated by the US?

Sri Lanka handed over the Port to China on December 09, 2017, after the finalisation of the hotly disputed 99-year old lease for the strategic port on July 29, 2017. Having opposed Chinese projects in Sri Lanka in the run-up to the 2015 presidential election, the then Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe attended the handing over ceremony. China paid USD 1.2 bn for the Port.

In spite of repeated denials by successive governments over the years, the US still identifies HIP as a dual-use naval facility. India, too, subscribes to that view. There is no doubt that the Quad, a strategic partnership among the US. India, Japan and Australia considers HIP as such and its policy, vis-a-vis Sri Lanka, geared to meet that challenge. But, is HIP really a dual-use naval facility as alleged and Sri Lanka part of the overall Chinese strategy. The other issue is whether Sri Lanka is a willing partner of the Chinese strategy or caught up in that due to circumstances beyond its control.

The Indo-Pacific Defence Forum, published quarterly by the US Indo-Pacific Command, has regularly dealt with HIP. Its first issue this year went all out to emphasise HIP’s status as a dual-use naval facility. Sarosh Bana, Executive Editor of Business India magazine, in an article, titled ‘Indian Ocean Primacy,’ published in the first issue of the Indo-Pacific Defence Forum, referred to HIP as a dual-service naval facility.

In the article that dealt with the Indian move to establish a strategic naval base this year, in Andhra Pradesh, to neutralise China’s Longpo naval base on Hainan island, Bana categorised Bangladesh Navy base BNS Pekua and Kyaukphyu deep seaport being developed in Myanmar. Bana declared all above mentioned facilities as part of China’s One Belt, One Road (OBOR) infrastructure scheme. Since 2013, China has invested as much as USD 700 bn for OBOR projects covering over 150 countries across Africa, Europe, Latin America and the Indo-Pacific.

Specialist in political economy Dr. Alfred Oehlers, in an article, titled ‘Peace Through Economic Strength,’ also carried in the same edition of the Indo-Pacific Defence Forum, discussed the Hambantota Port, while another specialist in Chinese affairs Dr. Jinghao Zhou dealt with overall Chinese strategy at global level. Zhou’s article was titled ‘Countering OBOR’ and primarily argued how ports in Chinese hands could be used for military purposes.

Obviously the US and its partners are deeply concerned over the growing Chinese, influence both at regional and global level. Sri Lanka remains one of their key focus as HIP, located just 10 nm from major east – west shipping routes, continues to grow, quite rapidly and received significant international attention during the war between Israel-US against Iran (February-June, 2026).

US sub strike

HIP received global attention in the wake of a US torpedo attack on non-belligerent Iranian frigate IRIS Dena off Sri Lanka’s southern coast. The attack took place off Galle Port, within the country’s exclusive economic zone, in the first week of March, just days after the eruption of hostilities in West Asia. Sinking of IRIS Dena was the only attack that took place outside the war zone before Pakistan-Qatar mediated talks that brought about a fragile ceasefire that enabled the re-opening of Strait of Hormuz, albeit amidst many a violation.

In the immediate aftermath of the unprovoked attack on unnamed IRIS Dena returning home after participating in International Fleet Review (IFR) and Exercise Milan 2026 at Visakhapatnam (15-25 June), Indian Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar declared Hambantota as a Chinese military facility. This happened in the presence of Sri Lanka Foreign Minister Vijitha Herath at Raisina Dialogue 2026 (March 5 to 7) in New Delhi. Dr. Jaishankar said so as he responded to a pointed query regarding India’s much-touted position as the region’s net security provider. India was given a shocking jolt without even a warning, when the US struck in Delhi’s backyard, ignoring its status as the purported regional policeman.

Without mentioning that India, too, participated in US-led military exercises off Diego Garcia, Dr. Jaishankar referred to joint US-British base at Diego Garcia, Chinese military base at Djibouti in east Africa and Hambantota.

The US submarine strike also underscored that regardless of the climax of US-India relations during Narendra Modi’s third consecutive term as the Prime Minister, beginning in June 2024, the overall US strategy may disregard domestic and regional issues. India that backed the Israeli-US offensive against Iran by conveniently remaining silent on the assassination of Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on 28 February, 2026, after Modi visited Israel on the eve of the daring surprise attack on Iran, however had to protest US military action during the last phase of Pakistan-Qatar mediated talks to arrange a ceasefire. India bitterly complained when US targeted ships crewed by Indians in the Hormuz Strait.

In the second week of June, 2026, the US attacked three ships, namely The Marivex, a Palau-flagged oil tanker, merchant tanker Jalveer and merchant tanker Settebello in the Gulf of Oman. The attack on Settebello claimed the lives of three Indians. The US justified attacks on the basis that all three ships violated blockade imposed on Iranian ports. Can such unilateral actions be justified under any circumstances?

Indian and foreign news agencies quoted India’s Centre of Indian Trade Unions as having said in a statement: “When a foreign military kills Indian workers in international waters, the government of India must speak – loudly and firmly.” That statement even received the attention of CNN.

The US launched the blockade on 13 April, 2026, after failing to achieve its primary objectives though Iran endured significant damage. The US forces disabled eight vessels and redirected 134 others.

India insisted that “targeting of commercial shipping and civilian infrastructure in the region must end. But, India never condemned the sinking of an unarmed Iranian frigate returning home from Visakhapatnam.

The US allowed Sri Lanka and India to accommodate two other ships that were accompanying IRIS Dena at the time of its sinking off Galle-Hambantota stretch. The US had the opportunity to hit all three ships but refrained from doing so.

Expanded US role

While claiming Sri Lanka a part of OBOR strategy on the basis of HIP being a dual-use naval facility, the US and India stepped up military assistance to Sri Lanka. Since the transferring of a US Coast Guard vessel in 2004/2005 to Sri Lanka, the US provided a range of assistance with direct intelligence support during the 2006-2009 period leading to destruction of four LTTE floating warehouses in the high seas.

But with the US-India backed regime change operation achieving the desired result in 2022, the superpower and the regional power appeared to have advanced their strategy to a new level. The removal of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa had been of pivotal importance to their game plan but emergence of Ranil Wickremesinghe as Gotabaya’s successor undermined their strategy.

On behalf of the conspirators, the then Indian High Commissioner Gopal Baglay (2020 to 2023) went to the extent of urging Speaker Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena to take over the presidency as an interim measure to thwart Wickremesinghe’s ascent to power for obvious reasons.

The US quietly dropped accountability issues that dominated bilateral issues since the successful conclusion of war in 2009 from its agenda while it stepped-up military assistance to cash-strapped Sri Lanka.

US Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs Paul Kapur, on 22 June, declared in Colombo the delivery of U.S. satellite communications technology to the Sri Lanka Navy, their self-proclaimed Indo-Pacific partner. The US Embassy, in a statement issued following the official announcement made on aboard SLNS Gajabahu at the Port of Colombo, quoted Kapur as having said: “This secure, real-time connection —representing a transformational upgrade for the Sri Lanka Navy— will be available aboard their entire fleet of offshore patrol vessels and ensures no communication gap at sea. It will allow our Sri Lanka partners to respond quickly to emergencies, protect the cargo ships that fuel our economy, and disrupt illegal activity across the Indian Ocean before it reaches our shores.”

On the following day, the US officially handed over 10 US-built TH-57 Sea Ranger (Bell 206) single engined helicopters to the Sri Lanka Air Force. The event, held at the Ratmalana air base, was attended by President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, US Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs Kapur and US Pacific Air Forces Commander General Kevin Schneide.

It would be pertinent to mention that the SLNS Gajabahu is one of the four former US Coast Guard vessels transferred since 2004/2005. But, the US refrained from transferring ships to Sri Lanka during the war and the second ex-Coast Guard vessel was made available in 2017, a decade after the end of the conflict. Of the four US Coast Guard vessels, Sri Lanka took delivery of the last one a couple of months ago and it arrived here in May.

The US-Sri Lanka relations had never been so strong though the Acquisition and Cross-Servicing Agreement (ACSA) was signed in March 2007 during Mahinda Rajapaksa’s first term. The US and India seemed to be overtly happy with the ruling National People’s Power (NPP) approach.

The US-India accusations that HIP is a dual-use naval facility while simultaneously providing military assistance seems contradictory.

A forgotten move

Soon after the 2019 presidential election, Gotabaya Rajapaksa deeply antagonised China when he declared that the 99-year lease of the Hambantota Port was a mistake. President Rajapaksa revealed his decision to renegotiate the agreement.

In an hour-long exclusive interview, his first since becoming the President, aired on Nitin A Gokhle’s Strategic News International (SNI) web platform and on the defence website Barthshakthi, the newly elected President said: “We were never to give control of the Port [Hambantota] to China; that was a mistake.” Rajapaksa pointed out that the decision was made by the previous administration.

“The previous Government gave it on a 99-year lease, and even though China is a good friend of ours and we need their assistance for development, I am not afraid to say that was a mistake.”

But, the President retracted his statement soon after China warned that re-negotiations wouldn’t be possible under any circumstances. The President had no option but to call a special meeting with the Colombo-based journalists working for international news agencies to retract his statement to the Strategic News International (SNI) web platform and the defence website Barthshakthi. Who influenced President Rajapaksa to declare his intention to renegotiate the Hambantota Port deal? Did President Rajapaksa at least consult his elder brother Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa or the Cabinet of Ministers? Or did Gokhle, in some way, influenced the President.

The President couldn’t have been unaware of the possible angry Chinese reaction as Sri Lanka suffered due to the foolish Yahapalana decision to suspend the Colombo Port City project. In keeping with UNP leader Ranil Wickremeinghe’s promise to halt the Colombo Port City project, in the run-up to the presidential election, in January 2015, at his behest the Cabinet of Ministers suspended the project. Sri Lanka made the announcement on 5 March, 2015.

The utterly irresponsible Yahapalana leadership justified their idiotic decision on the failure on the part of China and Sri Lanka to follow proper procedures in launching the project. The Indian and US hand in the Colombo Port City work stoppage was transparent. But, at the end, China forced the Yahapalana government to lift the suspension to pave the way for the resumption of work.

The NPP hadn’t been formed at that time. The JVP formed the NPP ahead of the 2019 presidential poll and opposed both the Colombo Port City and the Hambantota Port, primarily over sovereignty concerns. But since winning the presidential and parliamentary polls in 2024, the JVP-led NPP seemed to be continuing with Chinese projects while creating extra space for the US and India. It wouldn’t be wrong to say that Sri Lanka is tilted towards the US-India combine. Regardless of the often repeated pledge to what some called strict commitment to non-alignment, Sri Lanka is now in that US-led camp. US Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs Kapur’s declaration onboard SLNS Gajabahu proved that.

Indo-Lanka relations

The signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on Defence, on 5 April, 2025, in Colombo, immediately followed by India securing controlling shares of the security-related Colombo Dockyard Ltd., previously owned by Quad member Japan, marked an increasing loss of sovereignty to an overwhelming neighbour. Altogether, India and Sri Lanka signed seven MoUs. The presence of the Indian Premier at the signing ceremony underscored the importance of the occasion.

Both governments are of the view that all MoUs cannot be fully disclosed. They believe that there is no need or responsibility on the part of India and Sri Lanka to do so. However, none of the political parties represented in the current Parliament are not publicly opposed to the Indian approach. Over the years, India, China and the US have enhanced relations with political parties here as well as others, they are confident of pursuing their agendas.

While the local and global focus is on Hambantota Port, within 24 hours after Premier Modi concluded his visit to Colombo in the first week of April 2025, the Colombo West International Terminal (CWIT), Lanka’s first fully automated container terminal with an $800 million investment, officially began operations.

The project, developed under a 35-year Build, Operate, and Transfer (BOT) agreement, is managed by a consortium of India’s Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd (APSEZ), Sri Lankan conglomerate John Keells Holdings PLC, and the Sri Lanka Ports Authority (SLPA).

There are five container terminals at the Colombo port. They are Jaya Container Terminal (JCT), the oldest built during JRJ tenure; South Asia Gateway Terminals (SAGT), Colombo International Container Terminals (CICT), Unity Container Terminal (UCT), and the Colombo West International Terminal (CWIT). China spearheads the CICT operation. China (China Merchants Port Holdings Company Limited [CMPort]) owns 85% stake and the rest belongs to Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka Ports Authority).

Regardless of US and Indian interventions, China has sustained its operations here primarily focusing on Beijing’s major investments. China suffered a setback in 2024, when the US-India combine forced President Ranil Wickremesinghe to announce a one-year ban on foreign research ships visiting Sri Lanka. It was supposed to end on December 31, 2024. But, the NPP, in spite of publicly promising to state its stand on the ban that obviously targeted China, is yet to disclose its position. In fact, the writer raised this issue with Foreign Minister Vijitha Herath in January this year and he assured an announcement within two months.

Sri Lanka is in a deepening dilemma as the US and India relentlessly pressure the country on multiple issues. New Delhi is keen to upgrade the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and also connect the two countries through a land bridge in line with the overall enhancement of bilateral relations at every level. The seven MoUs finalised on 5 April, 2025, were meant to take the relations to the next level. The following are the MoUs (1) HVDC Interconnection (high-voltage direct current power link) for Import/Export of Power (2) Sharing Successful Digital Solutions Implemented at Population Scale for Digital Transformation (3) Development of Trincomalee as an Energy Hub (4) defence cooperation (5) grant assistance for the Eastern Province (6) cooperation in the fields of health and medicine and (7) Pharmacopoeial cooperation between the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission.

With Sri Lanka in total political turmoil, foreign powers may find it easier to advance their agendas at different levels, simultaneously.

Midweek Review

The Sacred Strains of W.D. Amaradewa

Published

2 days ago

2026/07/1

Sahan Weerasooriya

The mellow, sacred strains of W.D. Amaradewa,

The master singer who plumbed the depths,

Of the ordinary people’s hearts and minds,

Wafting from the Dansala across the street,

Where devotees clad in immaculate white,

Gave themselves a much needed repast,

Helped give the venerated day just past,

Its special spiritual meaning and identity,

Putting the cardinal point beyond doubt,

Of content and medium being one in great art.

By Lynn Ockersz

Midweek Review

Opp. caught up in CIABOC offensive

Published

1 week ago

2026/06/24

Sahan Weerasooriya

Mahinda Rajapaksa leaving CIABOC on 12 June, 2026

The Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC) on 12 June questioned former President Mahinda Rajapaksa regarding the USD 2 Mn bribe allegation directed at the late SriLankan CEO Kapila Chandrasena, whose body was found on 8 May in a close relative’s home in Kollupitiya. Chandrasena’s alleged suicide sent shock waves through political circles and interested parties questioned the circumstances leading to him being granted bail on 6 May on cash bail of Rs. 500,000 with three sureties of Rs. 10 million each. The Colombo Magistrate court also imposed a travel ban. The issue at hand is as to how Mohamed Riswan and Mohamed Irshan stood as sureties for Chandrasekera. Of all the investigations undertaken by the CIABOC, the USD 2 Mn bribe case is the most politically charged probe.

Of the Rajapaksas, former State Minister Shasheendra Rajapaksa is so far the last to be indicted. CIABOC on 19 June filed indictments before the Colombo High Court against him and two others Sepalika Saman Kumari and Keerthi Bandara Kotagama. According to the charges, the accused are alleged to have committed the offence of corruption and aided and abetted the commission of the offence by using official influence to pressure certain government officials, attached to the Office for Reparations, to obtain compensation amounting to Rs. 8.85 million for a property built on a state land by Shasheendra and destroyed by marauding Aragalaya mobs.

By Shamindra Ferdinando

The ruling National People’s Power (NPP) government last week emphasised, in no uncertain terms, that it wouldn’t tolerate the growing Opposition challenge.

Amidst the growing controversy over the continuing detention of retired Maj. Gen. Suresh Sallay. in terms of the draconian Prevention of Terrorism Act (PTA), under humiliating conditions, in connection with the ongoing investigations into the 2019 Easter Sunday carnage, police arrested Sugeeshwara Bandara, leader of the New People’s Front (NPF). The Central Crime Investigation Bureau (CCIB) apprehended him on 18 June and the Fort Magistrate’s Court remended him till 1 July..

The CCIB also apprehended Binoy Hettiarachchi who was accompanying Bandara. Hettiarachchi served as a media coordinator at the former President Ranil Wickremesinghe’s Flower Road Office. Police intercepted their vehicle at Kollupitiya where the arrests were made like in an action-packed movie. Hettiarachchi was freed four hours later.

But, it would be better to identify Bandara as the former private secretary to President Gotabaya Rajapaksa as well as the Director General of Special Projects at the Presidential Secretariat in the wake of Ranil Wickremesinghe taking over the presidency.

Accused of receiving two salaries simultaneously, under the President’s Expenditure Head, Bandara who managed the media for Gotabaya Rajapaksa, in the run-up to the 2019 presidential election, is under investigation for abuse of government vehicles and employing government workers for political work.

Having launched his political career as the Colombo District organiser of the alliance New People’s Front, a breakaway faction of the UPFA, in February, 2024, Bandara contested the November, 2024, parliamentary polls on the New Democratic Front (NDF) ticket. But, of late, Bandara, as the leader of NPF, became one of the most active opposition activists, aligned with the political grouping, dubbed People’s United Opposition, operating from Ranil Wickremesinghe’s Flower Road Office.

Bandara drew the wrath of the government when he launched a noisy protest outside Finance Secretary Dr. Harshana Suriyapperuma’s residence at Akuregoda, Pelawatta, on 26 April, where he and his protesting supporters were given a shower of excreta. The group, led by Bandara, demanded the Finance Secretary’s resignation over the theft of USD 2.5 mn from the Treasury. No less a person than President Anura Kumara Dissanayake reacted angrily to Bandara’s actions.

Acknowledging the right for legitimate protests, the President warned against protests directed at residences of officials. On 18 April, Bandara led a protest outside Agriculture Minister K.D. Lal Kantha’s recently built luxury residence at Weliwita, Kaduwela, where he questioned how the JVPer managed to build such a home as he was on record as having repeatedly said that he lived a difficult life.

The police apprehended Bandara as he was returning from a meeting between senior representatives of the People’s United Opposition and the IMF Colombo at the Tiki Bar, Shangri-La. In spite of negligible parliamentary presence, with those elected on the NDF ticket at the last parliamentary election not really speaking in one voice, the Flower Road project has become a headache for the government.

In fact, the Flower Road operation has been causing continuous harassment to the NPP, while the Samagi Jana Balawegaya (SJB) struggled to play its anticipated role as the main Opposition. Instead of conducting a cohesive campaign against the cocky NPP government, members of the SJB seem to be pulling in different directions at the expense of the common opposition front.

Regardless of the Wickremesinghe-led grouping vowing to press ahead with its campaign, the arrest of Bandara is obviously meant to have a detrimental impact on the activities of the Opposition.

It would be pertinent to mention that Bandara had been among those who stayed with President Gotabaya Rajapaksa at the President’s House, in Colombo, as a massive protest erupted on 9 July, 2022. Bandara was among the last to flee the President’s House as the military withdrew, amidst mounting pressure on their positions.

The police arrested Bandara as former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa moved the Court of Appeal in terms of Article 140 of the Constitution to prevent him being arrested under the PTA. The wartime Defence Secretary sought the court intervention in the wake of police probing the 2019 Easter Sunday carnage and obtaining a travel ban against him.

The court heard Romesh de Silva PC’s submissions on behalf of the ex-President on 18 June. The court deferred the hearing to 24 June. The crux of the matter is that the ex-President fears that the CID is about to arrest him on the basis of a statement made by fugitive Azad Moulana, in Paris, linking Sallay directly with the Easter Sunday carnage.

NPP intensifies pressure

The NPP seems confident of its current course of action meant to pin down the Opposition. In spite of unbridled corruption being the major issue on the post-war election platform, no political party succeeded in going flat-out against the political opposition.

However, the NPP allowed the judicial process to continue. The first major sentencing was announced on 2 April, 2025, just six months after the parliamentary polls, handsomely won by the NPP. The Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC) moved the Colombo High Court successfully against the former Chief Minister of the North Central Province S.M. Ranjith Samarakoon.

Colombo High Court No. 01 Judge Adithya Patabendige sentenced him in terms of Section 70 of the Bribery Act. The HC declared the former CM perpetrated malpractices by ordering fuel to his personal secretary’s vehicle. The personal secretary happened to be Shanthi Chandrasena, wife of his brother S.M. Chandrasena, a former Cabinet Minister and one of the most powerful Ministers to represent the North Central province.

The ex- Chief Minister and the second accused, his personal secretary, were convicted guilty of two charges. Both were sentenced to 16 years rigorous imprisonment and were also ordered to pay a fine of Rs. 200,000/- with an additional two-year prison term in case of default.

Deputy Director General Asitha Anthoney appeared on behalf of the Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption.

There had never been any really coordinated CIABOC campaign against corruption. No political party, or a particular family, felt threatened by CIABOC. Both those in and outside Parliament acted with impunity. They feared no one. There was no need to be because the powerful and the influential operated above the law.

Just a couple of weeks after sentencing of S.M. Ranjith Samarakoon and Shanthini Chandrasena, the CIABOC arrested the latter’s husband, one-time Deputy Economic Development Minister and Special Projects Minister, S.M. Chandrasena. The CIABOC took him into custody on 4 July, 2025.

The CIABOC accused the former Minister of causing loss to the government by distributing seed corn, imported at a cost of Rs 25 mn, in 2024, among the farmer community in the Anuradhapura district, at a subsidised price. The distribution had taken place ahead of the 2015 presidential election contested by Mahinda Rajapaksa and estranged former SLFP General Secretary Maithripala Sirisena. The CIABOC alleged that Chandrasena exerted undue influence on the Director (Planning) and other officers of the District Secretariat and distributed seeds through his political allies to gain an advantage in the 2015 presidential election and incurred a loss to the government.

Chandrasena was granted bail on 1 August, 2025. He was indicted on 12 June before the Colombo High Court.

Before further discussing the ongoing anti-corruption campaign, let me introduce the top leadership of CIABOC. The Commission consists of Justice W.M.N.P. Iddawela (Chairman), K.B. Rajapakse and Chethiya Goonesekera P.C, with High Court judge R.S.A. Dissanayake as its Director General.

The sentencing of the S. M. Ranjith Samarakoon didn’t really bother his side. The arrest of his brother S.M. Chandrasena, too, didn’t really upset those facing charges. But, sentencing of former Minister Mahindananda Aluthgamage and former Sathosa Chairman and former Trade Minister Nalin Fernando on 29 May, 2025, sent shock waves through the Opposition.

The Colombo High Court Trial-at-Bar sentenced Aluthgamage and Fernando for committing the offence of corruption by purchasing 14,000 carrom boards and 11,000 checkers boards through Sathosa, allegedly to distribute to schools and sports clubs selected by the Sports Ministry, and distributing them to party offices of the government, during the 2015 presidential election campaign thereby, causing a loss of over 53 million rupees to the government, stunned the Opposition.

Aluthgamage was sentenced to 20 years of rigorous imprisonment, Fernando received a sentence of 25 years of rigorous imprisonment. Additionally, a fine of Rs. 100,000 (hundred thousand) was imposed for each count.

The CIABOC’s Assistant Director General Mrs. Anuththara Jayasinghe and Assistant Director General Mrs. Thushari Dayaratne conducted the prosecution.

During the Yahapalana government Aluthgamage spearheaded a high profile anti-corruption campaign, dubbed ‘Yahapalana Top 10 kamba horu’. The then Joint Opposition (JO) group, led in Parliament by Dinesh Gunawardena, published a 750-page book, targeting the Yahapalana ministers. Mahindananda, who spearheaded that campaign, is now serving a long sentence.

The JO group consists of UPFA lawmakers who declined to throw their weight behind the then President Sirisena aligned with the UNP.

Let me mention the names of those against whom the accusations were made by the JO.

Yahapalana corruption

The JO dealt with 10 major cases. (1) The Treasury bond scams perpetrated in 2015 and 2016. Accusations were directed at Ranil Wickremesinghe, Ravi Karunanayake and Governor Central Bank Arjuna Mahendran. The losses were estimated at Rs 26 bn. (2) causing losses amounting to Rs 10 bn through the fraudulent import of vehicles. Ravi Karunanayake was named the chief culprit (3) Misappropriation of Mahapola funds to the tune of Rs. 1 bn. Allegations were directed at Malik Samarawickrema (4) Stealing from an insurance scheme implemented for the benefit of those going for employment in West Asia. The JO accused Thalatha Atukarale of misappropriating funds amounting Rs 1.5 bn (5) Receiving Rs 1.5 bn through the leasing of Hambantota port to China on a 99-year lease. Ranil Wickremesinghe, Malik Samarawickrema and R. Paskaralingam were named the offenders (6) Kabir Hashim was accused of causing a loss of Rs 54 bn by cancelling aircraft ordered from Airbus Industries for the national carrier (7) fraudulent activities pertaining to the release of paddy stocks held by the government. The JO estimated the losses caused to the government at Rs 10 bn. (8) Scam in vehicle parts. Ravil Karunanayake was accused of causing losses amounting to Rs. 6.5 bn, (9 A) Dr. Rajitha Senaratne was accused of leasing of the Modera fisheries harbor and procurement of eight vessels to catch fish, fraudulently, and thereby causing losses up to Rs 1 bn, (9B) The JO also found fault with Dr. Senaratne for perpetrating Rs 1.5 bn fraud in the procurement of medicine and lastly (10) Ranil Wickremesinghe, Malik Samarawickrema, R. Paskaralingam and Charitha Ratwatte were blamed for a massive fraud in the procurement of coal for the Norochcholai coal-fired power plant. That particular fraud was estimated at Rs 5 bn.

Although the JO transformed itself to Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP) later, to successfully contested the 2019 presidential election, none of the above-mentioned cases were investigated. As far as we know, none of those cases had been dealt with during the SLPP rule, from November, 2019, to July, 2022. Faced with an externally backed regime change operation, the SLPP invited Wickremesinghe, who had been named by them in three major corruption cases, to accept the premiership in May, 2022, and presidency in July same year.

So far, there is no indication whether the mentioned JO allegations had received the attention of the CIABOC or the Attorney General of the government. As far as we know of all the politicians and officials, Wickremesinghe is the only one facing imminent threat due to the ongoing case pertaining to him visiting the UK in September, 2023, to join his wife Prof. Maithree at the University of Wolverhampton at her graduation ceremony.

Wickremesinghe has been accused of squandering nearly 17 mn rupees at a time the country was in deep economic turmoil. The Fort Magistrate’s court is scheduled to take up the case on 8 July.

SLPP parliamentary group leader Namal Rajapaksa is also facing a major legal challenge. The former Minister has been indicted on charges of criminal misappropriation of Rs. 70 mn in connection with the controversial Krrish project. The indictments have been forwarded to the Colombo High Court by the Attorney General, alleging that Namal Rajapaksa misappropriated funds by receiving Rs. 70 million from the Indian real estate company for the development of rugby in Sri Lanka.

Yoshitha Rajapaksa, too, has been dealt with by the CIABOC. The Rajapaksas have been accused of lowering qualifications required to join the executive branch of the Navy and then sending him to the Royal Naval Academy in the United Kingdom at taxpayers’ expense. Produced before the Colombo Additional Magistrate, Yoshitha was released on three personal bail bonds of Rs. 5 million each.

Producing Yoshitha before court on 17 June, Deputy Director General of the Bribery Commission, Ruvini Wickramasinghe declared: “”Your Honour, the complaint regarding this incident was received on June 25, 2016. Accordingly, the Commission initiated investigations. The complaint states that the suspect had participated in naval training programmes held in England and Ukraine by misusing government funds, while depriving qualified applicants of such opportunities. At that time, this individual, who is a civilian in the dock today, was also a civilian in 2006 when he was deemed eligible for the Royal Navy Young Officer training at the Royal Naval Academy in the United Kingdom. The opportunities to receive this training are extremely limited. Your Honour, selection to this prestigious course is usually based on being the most outstanding cadet officer during a two-year training period or based on performance during training. However, this suspect, although a civilian in 2006, was proposed and included in the list and was sent for the course in haste.”

The Deputy Director General also stated that Yoshitha Rajapaksa had undergone medical examinations required for overseas training even before being officially recruited into the Navy.

The court was also told that though Sri Lanka previously received scholarships from the UK the Rajapaksa government funded Yoshitha to the tune of Rs 6.2 mn.

Opp. attacks CIABOC

The Opposition has repeatedly attacked the CIABOC with its Director General Ranga Dissanayake being the primary target. Accusing Dissanayake of being a JVPer, the Opposition has repeatedly questioned the conduct of the High Court judge demanding that the CIABOC inquired into the top official’s conduct, especially with regard to the alleged suicide of former Sri Lankan CEO Kapila Chandrasena who had been under investigation pertaining to the receiving of USD 2 mn bribe to facilitate procurement aircraft from Airbus Industrie during Mahinda Rajapaksa’s second term.

Former Foreign Minister Prof. G. L. Peiris, a regular speaker at Flower Road media briefings, alleged that the CIABOC was a political tool in the NPP’s hands.

A section of the Opposition to question the circumstances one-time JVP heavyweight Nandana Gunatilleke died in January this year at the Ragama Teaching Hospital after accusing Dissanayake of pursuing an agenda beneficial to the JVP, a charge denied by the High Court judge. When the writer raised the allegations with Dissanayake, he emphatically denied any wrongdoing on his part https://island.lk/ciaboc-dg-denies-jvp-link/.

The CIABOC has simply ignored accusations directed at its DG who proved through his actions that he really meant high profile public pronouncements against corruption.

Former Deputy Minister and ex-MP Sarana Gunawardena was sentenced to a total of 16 years rigorous imprisonment by the Colombo High Court on June 8, 2026.

During the Yahapalana administration many cases, filed by the CIABOC as well as the Attorney General, were either dismissed or dropped due to lapses on their part. The accused in such cases were ex-MP Sajin Vass Gunawardena, ex-EP Chief Minister Sivanesathurei Chandrakanthan alias Pilleyan, ex-Ministers Johnston Fernando, Rohitha Abeygunawardena, Basil Rajapaksha, Mahindananda Aluthgamage and Janaka Bandara Tennakoon and former AG and CJ Mohan Peiris.

Regardless of Opposition protests, the public appreciate tangible action against corruption. However, the NPP has not been free from serious allegations against it since the last general elections. The release of suspicious 323 containers, plus two containers filled with ice, in January, 2025, followed by the massive coal scam perpetrated in September 2025, loss of over USD 2.5 mn from the Treasury and controversial Aswesuma payments, as well as wealth, accumulated by NPP Ministers as revealed by declarations made to CIABOC, shocked the electorate.

The NPP has failed to counter allegations. The circumstances under which Energy Minister Kumara Jayakody resigned, along with Energy Secretary Udayanga Hemapala, on 17 April, just a week after the NPP defeated the no-confidence motion moved by the Opposition against the Energy Minister. dealt a devastating blow to the NPP’s much touted integrity. The NPP couldn’t explain as to why a person under investigation by the CIABOC for an alleged fraud perpetrated during the Yahapalana government was accommodated in President Dissanayake’s first Cabinet. Indicted before the Colombo High Court, Jayakody’s case commenced last week.

Asset declarations of some NPP Ministers have shocked the country. The SJB has called for CIABOC to investigate them without delay and prove that CIABOC was not only going after the Opposition. Ministers Lal Kantha and Wasantha Samarasinghe are two of the top JVPers who have attracted attention as the Opposition hits back at the government.

SJB MP Mujibur Rahuman said that the JVP/NPP owed an explanation as to how their members amassed so much wealth since 2024 as they repeatedly claimed their inability to meet even their basic needs. But, their asset declarations exposed their blatant lies.