Features

How one man’s call to action could save Sri Lanka’s vanishing wings

Published

7 months ago

2025/07/13

In the heart of South Asia’s teardrop-shaped island lies an ecological treasure often overlooked—the butterfly. These vibrant creatures, fluttering silently among wildflowers, have long brought color and movement to Sri Lanka’s gardens, forests, and fields. They are more than just a beautiful sight; butterflies are ecological indicators, vital pollinators, and a symbol of a healthy environment.

Historically, Sri Lankans revered butterflies, especially during the annual butterfly migration to Sri Pada (Adam’s Peak). This natural phenomenon, observed around January each year, saw tens of thousands of butterflies moving en masse from various regions—especially the dry zones—towards the central highlands. The public once believed they were joining pilgrims on the sacred path, reinforcing a cultural and spiritual connection between nature and faith.

But today, those clouds of butterflies are thinning. In some areas, they are gone altogether.

“The decline in butterfly populations isn’t just tragic—it’s a red flag for the health of our ecosystems,” says Rajika Gamage, Conservation Biologist of the Tea Research Institute and researcher who has spent years studying local biodiversity. “And if we don’t act now, many species will vanish silently.”

Butterflies, like many insects, are incredibly sensitive to changes in their environment. While the overuse of chemical pesticides and herbicides has long been suspected as a driver of population decline, Gamage says a far more insidious threat is spreading unchecked across the island: invasive plant species.

“These invasive plants are gradually replacing the native flora that butterflies depend on for both food and reproduction,” he explains.

One of the most widespread culprits is Gini Thana (cogon grass), but it doesn’t act alone. A host of other non-native plants—Eupatorium, Mistweed, Wel Attapassaya, Kalapuwandara, Kahaparamiya, and Yoda Nidigumba—are spreading across rural and forested lands. Even trees like Mahogany, Alstonia, Khaya, and Eucalyptus, introduced for timber or fuelwood, contribute to the changing landscape.

Adding to this complex invasion is the controversial Katu Pol (thorny palm), introduced in recent years as a potential biofuel crop. “It has already spread alarmingly fast,” says Gamage. “Once it takes hold, it’s extremely difficult to remove.”

These plants aggressively outcompete native low-lying nectar-rich flowering plants, essential for adult butterflies to feed. More critically, they displace the specific host plants that caterpillars need to grow. Without those, butterflies cannot reproduce.

“Each butterfly species is closely tied to its host plant. Remove the plant, and you remove the butterfly,” Gamage explains.

Another devastating factor is the widespread use of glyphosate, a potent herbicide often used in agriculture and urban landscaping. Glyphosate doesn’t discriminate; it kills everything it touches.

“Over time, repeated use of glyphosate sterilizes the land,” Gamage says. “The only things left growing are resistant weeds, many of which are invasive species themselves.”

He notes that in former farmlands or abandoned plots, it is now common to see large swathes of invasive grass or brush where once a rich understory of native plants thrived. This shift starves butterflies of their food sources and disrupts the delicate ecological web they rely on.

A Garden of Possibilities

While the problems may seem overwhelming, Gamage believes the solution can begin in our own backyards.

“Creating a butterfly garden is one of the most meaningful actions an individual can take to support biodiversity,” he says. “It doesn’t require much land—just some light, care, and native plants.”

He adds that with consistent effort, a butterfly garden can begin to show results within six months. Here’s how you can start:

How to Build Your Own Butterfly Garden: A Step-by-Step Guide

Observe the Sunlight:

Butterflies love morning light. Select a spot in your garden that gets strong sunlight, especially from the east.

Assess Existing Plants:

Study your garden to identify if any host or nectar plants already exist. Retain and build upon them when planning your butterfly habitat.

Identify Local Butterfly Species:

Understand which butterflies are native to your area. Books, websites, and field guides can help you recognize these species and their behavior.

Create a Host Plant List:

Each butterfly species needs specific plants to lay eggs. Document these host plants and prioritize growing them in your garden. Many books on butterflies include these associations.

Keep a Butterfly Log:

Make a checklist of butterflies you observe in your garden. As your butterfly garden matures, use this list to track changes and new arrivals.

Plan Your Garden Layout Thoughtfully:

Ensure your landscape design allows for open, sunny areas and avoids planting tall shrubs or trees that block the sun in the east and west. Good light exposure is essential for both butterflies and their plants.

Introduce Host Plants First, Then Nectar Plants:

Start with a small number of host plants and allow them to establish. Once stable, add nectar-rich plants like zinnias, sunflowers, and Raja Pohottu, which attract adult butterflies with their vibrant blooms.

This method, says Gamage, mimics the natural ecosystem while making it accessible for anyone to participate in butterfly conservation.

“Don’t try to plant too much at once,” he advises. “Even maintaining two or three key plant species is a huge help. What matters most is creating a space that can support the butterfly’s full life cycle—from egg to caterpillar to adult.”

From Private Gardens to National Awareness

Gamage’s work goes beyond scientific observation; it is deeply rooted in environmental education and community engagement. He regularly speaks at schools and community gatherings, emphasizing that biodiversity protection must start with awareness.

“In our grandparents’ time, butterflies were everywhere,” he says. “Now, most children only see them in books or cartoons. That’s a huge cultural and ecological loss.”

He believes that public involvement—especially in urban and suburban settings—is key. A single garden may not change the world, but a network of butterfly gardens across the country can create green corridors that help butterflies survive, migrate, and reproduce.

Moreover, these gardens can serve as living classrooms, helping people of all ages learn about interdependence in nature, and how small actions can lead to large-scale change.

A Shared Responsibility

Butterflies don’t just bring beauty—they bring balance. As pollinators, they contribute to the health of both natural ecosystems and agricultural lands. Their decline warns us of greater environmental trouble.

“We can’t just blame farmers or chemicals or the government,” Gamage stresses. “It’s a shared responsibility. Each of us has a role to play in protecting what’s left.”

And the good news? The solution is literally at our feet.

With some awareness, thoughtful planting, and a bit of patience, your backyard could become a sanctuary—not just for butterflies, but for hope itself.

“If we want to see butterflies in the next generation,” Gamage says, “we must act today. Not tomorrow. Today.”

Butterflies to Watch For in Sri Lanka’s Home Gardens. (Suggested by Rajika Gamage)

Common Mormon (Papilio polytes) – Host plant: Citrus

Crimson Rose (Pachliopta hector) – Host plant: Aristolochia

Lime Butterfly (Papilio demoleus) – Host plant: Lime/Orange

Tawny Coster (Acraea terpsichore) – Host plant: Passiflora

Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus) – Host plant: Calotropis

Let us not wait until the wings of butterflies are but a memory. With knowledge, care, and collective will, we can bring them back—garden by garden, bloom by bloom.

Let’s invite the butterflies back.

By Ifham Nizam ✍️

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Features

Crucial test for religious and ethnic harmony in Bangladesh

Published

17 hours ago

2026/02/12

Sahan Weerasooriya

A political protest that led to governmental change in Bangladesh mid last year. (photograph: imago)

Will the Bangladesh parliamentary election bring into being a government that will ensure ethnic and religious harmony in the country? This is the poser on the lips of peace-loving sections in Bangladesh and a principal concern of those outside who mean the country well.

The apprehensions are mainly on the part of religious and ethnic minorities. The parliamentary poll of February 12th is expected to bring into existence a government headed by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and the Islamist oriented Jamaat-e-Islami party and this is where the rub is. If these parties win, will it be a case of Bangladesh sliding in the direction of a theocracy or a state where majoritarian chauvinism thrives?

Chief of the Jamaat, Shafiqur Rahman, who was interviewed by sections of the international media recently said that there is no need for minority groups in Bangladesh to have the above fears. He assured, essentially, that the state that will come into being will be equable and inclusive. May it be so, is likely to be the wish of those who cherish a tension-free Bangladesh.

The party that could have posed a challenge to the above parties, the Awami League Party of former Prime Minister Hasina Wased, is out of the running on account of a suspension that was imposed on it by the authorities and the mentioned majoritarian-oriented parties are expected to have it easy at the polls.

A positive that has emerged against the backdrop of the poll is that most ordinary people in Bangladesh, be they Muslim or Hindu, are for communal and religious harmony and it is hoped that this sentiment will strongly prevail, going ahead. Interestingly, most of them were of the view, when interviewed, that it was the politicians who sowed the seeds of discord in the country and this viewpoint is widely shared by publics all over the region in respect of the politicians of their countries.

Some sections of the Jamaat party were of the view that matters with regard to the orientation of governance are best left to the incoming parliament to decide on but such opinions will be cold comfort for minority groups. If the parliamentary majority comes to consist of hard line Islamists, for instance, there is nothing to prevent the country from going in for theocratic governance. Consequently, minority group fears over their safety and protection cannot be prevented from spreading.

Therefore, we come back to the question of just and fair governance and whether Bangladesh’s future rulers could ensure these essential conditions of democratic rule. The latter, it is hoped, will be sufficiently perceptive to ascertain that a Bangladesh rife with religious and ethnic tensions, and therefore unstable, would not be in the interests of Bangladesh and those of the region’s countries.

Unfortunately, politicians region-wide fall for the lure of ethnic, religious and linguistic chauvinism. This happens even in the case of politicians who claim to be democratic in orientation. This fate even befell Bangladesh’s Awami League Party, which claims to be democratic and socialist in general outlook.

We have it on the authority of Taslima Nasrin in her ground-breaking novel, ‘Lajja’, that the Awami Party was not of any substantial help to Bangladesh’s Hindus, for example, when violence was unleashed on them by sections of the majority community. In fact some elements in the Awami Party were found to be siding with the Hindus’ murderous persecutors. Such are the temptations of hard line majoritarianism.

In Sri Lanka’s past numerous have been the occasions when even self-professed Leftists and their parties have conveniently fallen in line with Southern nationalist groups with self-interest in mind. The present NPP government in Sri Lanka has been waxing lyrical about fostering national reconciliation and harmony but it is yet to prove its worthiness on this score in practice. The NPP government remains untested material.

As a first step towards national reconciliation it is hoped that Sri Lanka’s present rulers would learn the Tamil language and address the people of the North and East of the country in Tamil and not Sinhala, which most Tamil-speaking people do not understand. We earnestly await official language reforms which afford to Tamil the dignity it deserves.

An acid test awaits Bangladesh as well on the nation-building front. Not only must all forms of chauvinism be shunned by the incoming rulers but a secular, truly democratic Bangladesh awaits being licked into shape. All identity barriers among people need to be abolished and it is this process that is referred to as nation-building.

On the foreign policy frontier, a task of foremost importance for Bangladesh is the need to build bridges of amity with India. If pragmatism is to rule the roost in foreign policy formulation, Bangladesh would place priority to the overcoming of this challenge. The repatriation to Bangladesh of ex-Prime Minister Hasina could emerge as a steep hurdle to bilateral accord but sagacious diplomacy must be used by Bangladesh to get over the problem.

A reply to N.A. de S. Amaratunga

A response has been penned by N.A. de S. Amaratunga (please see p5 of ‘The Island’ of February 6th) to a previous column by me on ‘ India shaping-up as a Swing State’, published in this newspaper on January 29th , but I remain firmly convinced that India remains a foremost democracy and a Swing State in the making.

If the countries of South Asia are to effectively manage ‘murderous terrorism’, particularly of the separatist kind, then they would do well to adopt to the best of their ability a system of government that provides for power decentralization from the centre to the provinces or periphery, as the case may be. This system has stood India in good stead and ought to prove effective in all other states that have fears of disintegration.

Moreover, power decentralization ensures that all communities within a country enjoy some self-governing rights within an overall unitary governance framework. Such power-sharing is a hallmark of democratic governance.

Features

Celebrating Valentine’s Day …

Published

17 hours ago

2026/02/12

Sahan Weerasooriya

Valentine’s Day is all about celebrating love, romance, and affection, and this is how some of our well-known personalities plan to celebrate Valentine’s Day – 14th February:

Merlina Fernando (Singer)

Yes, it’s a special day for lovers all over the world and it’s even more special to me because 14th February is the birthday of my husband Suresh, who’s the lead guitarist of my band Mission.

We have planned to celebrate Valentine’s Day and his Birthday together and it will be a wonderful night as always.

We will be having our fans and close friends, on that night, with their loved ones at Highso – City Max hotel Dubai, from 9.00 pm onwards.

Lorensz Francke (Elvis Tribute Artiste)

On Valentine’s Day I will be performing a live concert at a Wealthy Senior Home for Men and Women, and their families will be attending, as well.

I will be performing live with romantic, iconic love songs and my song list would include ‘Can’t Help falling in Love’, ‘Love Me Tender’, ‘Burning Love’, ‘Are You Lonesome Tonight’, ‘The Wonder of You’ and ‘’It’s Now or Never’ to name a few.

To make Valentine’s Day extra special I will give the Home folks red satin scarfs.

Emma Shanaya (Singer)

I plan on spending the day of love with my girls, especially my best friend. I don’t have a romantic Valentine this year but I am thrilled to spend it with the girl that loves me through and through. I’ll be in Colombo and look forward to go to a cute cafe and spend some quality time with my childhood best friend Zulha.

JAYASRI

Emma-and-Maneeka

This Valentine’s Day the band JAYASRI we will be really busy; in the morning we will be landing in Sri Lanka, after our Oman Tour; then in the afternoon we are invited as Chief Guests at our Maris Stella College Sports Meet, Negombo, and late night we will be with LineOne band live in Karandeniya Open Air Down South. Everywhere we will be sharing LOVE with the mass crowds.

Kay Jay (Singer)

I will stay at home and cook a lovely meal for lunch, watch some movies, together with Sanjaya, and, maybe we go out for dinner and have a lovely time. Come to think of it, every day is Valentine’s Day for me with Sanjaya Alles.

Maneka Liyanage (Beauty Tips)

On this special day, I celebrate love by spending meaningful time with the people I cherish. I prepare food with love and share meals together, because food made with love brings hearts closer. I enjoy my leisure time with them — talking, laughing, sharing stories, understanding each other, and creating beautiful memories. My wish for this Valentine’s Day is a world without fighting — a world where we love one another like our own beloved, where we do not hurt others, even through a single word or action. Let us choose kindness, patience, and understanding in everything we do.

Janaka Palapathwala (Singer)

Janaka

Valentine’s Day should not be the only day we speak about love.

From the moment we are born into this world, we seek love, first through the very drop of our mother’s milk, then through the boundless care of our Mother and Father, and the embrace of family.

Love is everywhere. All living beings, even plants, respond in affection when they are loved.

As we grow, we learn to love, and to be loved. One day, that love inspires us to build a new family of our own.

Love has no beginning and no end. It flows through every stage of life, timeless, endless, and eternal.

Natasha Rathnayake (Singer)

We don’t have any special plans for Valentine’s Day. When you’ve been in love with the same person for over 25 years, you realise that love isn’t a performance reserved for one calendar date. My husband and I have never been big on public displays, or grand gestures, on 14th February. Our love is expressed quietly and consistently, in ordinary, uncelebrated moments.

With time, you learn that love isn’t about proving anything to the world or buying into a commercialised idea of romance—flowers that wilt, sweets that spike blood sugar, and gifts that impress briefly but add little real value. In today’s society, marketing often pushes the idea that love is proven by how much money you spend, and that buying things is treated as a sign of commitment.

Real love doesn’t need reminders or price tags. It lives in showing up every day, choosing each other on unromantic days, and nurturing the relationship intentionally and without an audience.

This isn’t a judgment on those who enjoy celebrating Valentine’s Day. It’s simply a personal choice.

Melloney Dassanayake (Miss Universe Sri Lanka 2024)

I truly believe it’s beautiful to have a day specially dedicated to love. But, for me, Valentine’s Day goes far beyond romantic love alone. It celebrates every form of love we hold close to our hearts: the love for family, friends, and that one special person who makes life brighter. While 14th February gives us a moment to pause and celebrate, I always remind myself that love should never be limited to just one day. Every single day should feel like Valentine’s Day – constant reminder to the people we love that they are never alone, that they are valued, and that they matter.

I’m incredibly blessed because, for me, every day feels like Valentine’s Day. My special person makes sure of that through the smallest gestures, the quiet moments, and the simple reminders that love lives in the details. He shows me that it’s the little things that count, and that love doesn’t need grand stages to feel extraordinary. This Valentine’s Day, perfection would be something intimate and meaningful: a cozy picnic in our home garden, surrounded by nature, laughter, and warmth, followed by an abstract drawing session where we let our creativity flow freely. To me, that’s what love is – simple, soulful, expressive, and deeply personal. When love is real, every ordinary moment becomes magical.

Noshin De Silva (Actress)

Valentine’s Day is one of my favourite holidays! I love the décor, the hearts everywhere, the pinks and reds, heart-shaped chocolates, and roses all around. But honestly, I believe every day can be Valentine’s Day.

It doesn’t have to be just about romantic love. It’s a chance to celebrate love in all its forms with friends, family, or even by taking a little time for yourself.

Whether you’re spending the day with someone special or enjoying your own company, it’s a reminder to appreciate meaningful connections, show kindness, and lead with love every day.

And yes, I’m fully on theme this year with heart nail art and heart mehendi design!

Wishing everyone a very happy Valentine’s Day, but, remember, love yourself first, and don’t forget to treat yourself.

Sending my love to all of you.

Features

Banana and Aloe Vera

Published

17 hours ago

2026/02/12

Sahan Weerasooriya

To create a powerful, natural, and hydrating beauty mask that soothes inflammation, fights acne, and boosts skin radiance, mix a mashed banana with fresh aloe vera gel.

This nutrient-rich blend acts as an antioxidant-packed anti-ageing treatment that also doubles as a nourishing, shiny hair mask.

* Face Masks for Glowing Skin:

Mix 01 ripe banana with 01 tablespoon of fresh aloe vera gel and apply this mixture to the face. Massage for a few minutes, leave for 15-20 minutes, and then rinse off for a glowing complexion.

* Acne and Soothing Mask:

Mix 01 tablespoon of fresh aloe vera gel with 1/2 a mashed banana and 01 teaspoon of honey. Apply this mixture to clean skin to calm inflammation, reduce redness, and hydrate dry, sensitive skin. Leave for 15-20 minutes, and rinse with warm water.

* Hair Treatment for Shine:

Mix 01 fresh ripe banana with 03 tablespoons of fresh aloe vera gel and 01 teaspoon of honey. Apply from scalp to ends, massage for 10-15 minutes and then let it dry for maximum absorption. Rinse thoroughly with cool water for soft, shiny, and frizz-free hair.