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Enhancing competitiveness of economics students at University of Jaffna

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Jaffna University (Picture courtesy Jfn.ac.lk)

BY Muttukrishna Sarvananthan

The Faculties of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences in state-owned and government-operated public universities in Sri Lanka have long faced severe criticism for producing “unemployable graduates” from the state (successive governments, higher education administrators, and the Auditor General’s Department) and society. Our goal here is not to dispute these criticisms; rather, we aim to highlight an initiative to enhance the competitiveness of economics students at the University of Jaffna (UoJ), which is celebrating its golden jubilee year since its establishment on August 1, 1974, as the Jaffna campus of the former University of Sri Lanka (established on February 15, 1972, the successor to the University of Ceylon established by the British on July 1, 1942).

Nagalingam Balakrishnan, a gentleman and scholar One of the earliest faculty members of the Department of Economics at the University of Jaffna was the late Mr. Nagalingam Balakrishnan (N. Balakrishnan for short), who joined in 1974 from the Peradeniya Campus of the University of Sri Lanka. Balakrishnan, originally from Puloly South in Point Pedro (the northernmost town of Sri Lanka), was a distinguished alumnus of Hartley College, Point Pedro. He completed his undergraduate education at the Peradeniya Campus of the University of Ceylon in the 1950s and remained there as a university teacher until the mid-1970s. To the best of our knowledge, Balakrishnan was the only notable scholar to have served the Department of Economics at Jaffna University to date.

A scholar is defined as a person with a considerable track record of research and publications in authentic and reputable academic journals, as well as having published books or book chapters in works released by recognised academic publishers.

For instance, Nagalingam Balakrishnan published several articles in the mid-1970s in the globally indexed journal “Asian Survey” (the successor to the “Far Eastern Survey”) published by the University of California Press https://online.ucpress.edu/as/search-results?page=1&q=N.%20Balakrishnan&fl_SiteID=1000035. Additionally, he contributed several book chapters to internationally published volumes on the Sri Lankan economy, history, and society in the 1970s and 1980s, including works edited by Kingsley Muthumuni de Silva (K. M. de Silva), one of Sri Lanka’s foremost historians. These include “History of Sri Lanka,” published by the University of California Press in 1981, and “Sri Lanka: A Survey,” published in 1977 by the University of Hawaii Press.

Beyond being a scholar, Mr. Balakrishnan was also regarded as a gentleman by his former academic colleagues and students at the University of Peradeniya and the University of Jaffna. One of Balakrishnan’s distinguished students, Dr. Sarath Rajapathirana (a retired World Bank staff member), once remarked that Balakrishnan was a humble person and that he felt privileged to have been one of his students at Peradeniya in the 1960s. The late Dr. Buddhadasa Hewavitharana, former Professor of Economics at the University of Peradeniya, paid a glowing tribute to Balakrishnan upon his passing, saying, “he was a mild-mannered gentle person with broad shoulders, the ample use of which he made available to anyone freely for airing their grievances.” https://www.sundaytimes.lk/140727/plus/appreciations-11-108235.html

In summary, Nagalingam Balakrishnan epitomised the true meaning of the phrase “gentleman and scholar.” It is extremely rare to find an academic of his stature in contemporary Sri Lankan academia.

Pedigree and Pedagogy

Balakrishnan’s illustrious academic career highlights the inextricable relationship between pedigree and pedagogy; Puloly pedigree and Peradeniya pedagogy. Today, on the golden jubilee anniversary of the University of Jaffna, the Department of Economics is making efforts to revive the pedagogy of the past through student research and scholarship. While it may be impossible to fully emulate the past due to changes in the academic staff’s pedigree over the last 50 years, incremental steps can be taken to improve pedagogy through cutting-edge research. Research informs pedagogy, not vice versa.

Indispensability of Research

I often remind my students that research outlives one’s lifetime. People may refer to or cite a person’s research publications even after their physical demise. Some of our students continue to refer to and cite the scholarly publications of Nagalingam Balakrishnan, even eleven years after his passing.

For the first time in the history of the Department of Economics, and indeed in the Faculty of Arts at Jaffna University, a small group of final-year economics students co-authored and published a rebuttal to a peer-reviewed article in BMJ Global Health [British Medical Journal] on the management of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka https://gh.bmj.com/content/8/Suppl_6/e013286.responses. Both the original article and the rebuttal, titled “Unveiling Oversights and Underreporting: A Rebuttal of Sri Lanka’s COVID-19 Response Analysis,” are freely downloadable. Corrections to the scientific record, such as rebuttals and rejoinders, are an indispensable part of scientific knowledge generation and dissemination, reflecting critical thinking, a crucial cognitive skill for students in higher education. Additionally, a longer piece was disseminated in popular media in Sri Lanka for wider public consumption. https://www.ft.lk/opinion/Was-Sri-Lanka-s-COVID-19-response-a-success/14-763902

Moreover, a final-year student in economics at the University of Jaffna co-authored a seminal article in the globally indexed journal “World Economics” [indexed in Scopus https://www.scopus.com/sources.uri] in June 2024, which is an unprecedented feat in the Faculty of Arts https://www.world-economics-journal.com/Papers/Assessing-Economic-Data-Integrity-Amidst-Sovereign-Default.aspx?ID=927. Another final-year student contributed to a visual cum oral presentation on the economic and psychosocial costs of the Easter Sunday Bombings in Sri Lanka, presented at the 5th International Blast Injury Research Network Forum in Colombo on July 02, 2024, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dfcbea80bf5111becd35218/t/66824dc4c1ec3a2fca74a798/1719815621380/Agenda_Sri_Lanka_2024_final2.pdf, with the potential to develop it into a journal article

Internships for Upskilling

Additionally, the Faculty of Arts at the University of Jaffna has introduced mandatory internships for final-year students to gain on-the-job experience, a practice adopted by other faculties and universities years ago. These internships aim to impart soft skills to students. Currently, seven students from the Department of Economics are interning at leading social science think tanks in Colombo for the first time.

Way Forward

These examples illustrate the tangible efforts made by the Department of Economics at the University of Jaffna to incentivise and motivate students to enhance their competitiveness in the labour market through cutting-edge research and dissemination at the global level and on-the-job skills acquisition at the national level. While Sri Lanka continues to reel under sovereign bankruptcy and labour market prospects are subdued, it is imperative to think outside the box to elevate the competitiveness of undergraduate students in the Faculties of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences.



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Features

Cricket and the National Interest

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The appointment of former minister Eran Wickremaratne to chair the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee is significant for more than the future of cricket. It signals a possible shift in the culture of governance even as it offers Sri Lankan cricket a fighting possibility to get out of the doldrums of failure. There have been glorious patches for the national cricket team since the epochal 1996 World Cup triumph. But these patches of brightness have been few and far between and virtually non-existent over the past decade. At the centre of this disaster has been the failures of governance within Sri Lanka Cricket which are not unlike the larger failures of governance within the country itself. The appointment of a new reform oriented committee therefore carries significance beyond cricket. It reflects the wider challenge facing the country which is to restore trust in public institutions for better management.

The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne brings a professional administrator with a proven track record into the cricket arena. He has several strengths that many of his immediate predecessors lacked. Before the ascent of the present government leadership to positions of power, Eran Wickremaratne was among the handful of government ministers who did not have allegations of corruption attached to their names. His reputation for financial professionalism and integrity has remained intact over many years in public life. With him in the Cricket Transformation Committee are also respected former cricketers Kumar Sangakkara, Roshan Mahanama and Sidath Wettimuny together with professionals from legal and business backgrounds. They have been tasked with introducing structural reforms and improving transparency and accountability within cricket administration.

A second reason for this appointment to be significant is that this is possibly the first occasion on which the NPP government has reached out to someone associated with the opposition to obtain assistance in an area of national importance. The commitment to bipartisanship has been a constant demand from politically non-partisan civic groups and political analysts. They have voiced the opinion that the government needs to be more inclusive in its choice of appointments to decision making authorities. The NPP government’s practice so far has largely been to limit appointments to those within the ruling party or those considered loyalists even at the cost of proven expertise. The government’s decision in this case therefore marks a potentially important departure.

National Interest

There are areas of public life where national interest should transcend party divisions and cricket, beloved of the people, is one of them. Sri Lanka cannot afford to continue treating every institution as an arena for political competition when institutions themselves are in crisis and public confidence has become fragile. It is therefore unfortunate that when the government has moved positively in the direction of drawing on expertise from outside its own ranks there should be a negative response from sections of the opposition. This is indicative of the absence of a culture of bipartisanship even on issues that concern the national interest. The SJB, of which the newly appointed cricket committee chairman was a member objected on the grounds that politicians should not hold positions in sports administration and asked him to resign from the party. There is a need to recognise the distinction between partisan political control and the temporary use of experienced administrators to carry out reform and institutional restructuring. In other countries those in politics often join academia and civil society on a temporary basis and vice versa.

More disturbing has been the insidious campaign carried out against the new cricket committee and its chairman on the grounds of religious affiliation. This is an unacceptable denial of the reality that Sri Lanka is a plural, multi ethnic and multi religious society. The interim committee reflects this diversity to a reasonable extent. The country’s long history of ethnic conflict should have taught all political actors the dangers of mobilising communal prejudice for short term political gain. Sri Lanka paid a very heavy price for decades of mistrust and division. It would be tragic if even cricket administration became another arena for communal suspicion and hostility. The present government represents an important departure from the sectarian rhetoric that was employed by previous governments. They have repeatedly pledged to protect the equal rights of all citizens and not permit discrimination or extremism in any form.

The recent international peace march in Sri Lanka led by the Venerable Bhikkhu Thich Paññākāra from Vietnam with its message of loving kindness and mindfulness to all resonated strongly with the masses of people as seen by the crowds who thronged the roadsides to obtain blessings and show respect. This message stands in contrast to the sectarian resentment manifested by those who seek to use the cricket appointments as a weapon to attack the government at the present time. The challenges before the Sri Lanka Cricket Transformation Committee parallel the larger challenges before the government in developing the national economy and respecting ethnic and religious diversity. Plugging the leaks and restoring systems will take time and effort. It cannot be done overnight and it cannot succeed without public patience and support.

New Recognition

There is also a need for realism. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee does not guarantee success. Reforming deeply flawed institutions is always difficult. Besides, Sri Lanka is a small country with a relatively small population compared to many other cricket playing nations. It is also a country still recovering from the economic breakdown of 2022 which pushed the majority of people into hardship and severely weakened public institutions. The country continues to face unprecedented challenges including the damage caused by Cyclone Ditwah and the wider global economic uncertainties linked to conflict in the Middle East. Under these difficult circumstances Sri Lanka has fewer resources than many larger countries to devote to both cricket and economic development.

When resources are scarce they cannot be wasted through corruption or incompetence. Drawing upon the strengths of all those who are competent for the tasks at hand regardless of party affiliation or ethnic or religious identity is necessary if improvement is to come sooner rather than later. The burden of rebuilding the country cannot rest only on the government. The crisis facing the country is too deep for any single party or government to solve alone. National recovery requires capable individuals from across society and from different sectors such as business and civil society to work together in areas where the national interest transcends party politics. There is also a responsibility on opposition political parties to support initiatives that are politically neutral and genuinely in the national interest. Not every issue needs to become a partisan battle.

Sri Lanka cricket occupies a special place in the national consciousness. At its best it once united the country and gave Sri Lankans a sense of pride and international recognition. Restoring integrity and professionalism to cricket administration can therefore become part of the larger task of national renewal. The appointment of Eran Wickremaratne and the new committee, while it does not guarantee success, is a sign that the political leadership and people of the country may be beginning to mature in their approach to governance. In recognising the need for competence, integrity and bipartisan cooperation and extending it beyond cricket into other areas of national life, Sri Lanka may find the way towards more stable and successful governance..

by Jehan Perera

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From Dhaka to Sri Lanka, three wheels that drive our economies

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Court vacation this year came with an unexpected lesson, not from a courtroom but from the streets of Dhaka — a city that moves, quite literally, on three wheels.

Above the traffic, a modern metro line glides past concrete pillars and crowded rooftops. It is efficient, clean and frequently cited as a symbol of progress in Bangladesh. For a visitor from Sri Lanka, it inevitably brings to mind our own abandoned light rail plans — a project debated, politicised and ultimately set aside.

But Dhaka’s real story is not in the air. It is on the ground.

Beneath the elevated tracks, the streets belong to three-wheelers. Known locally as CNGs, they cluster at junctions, line the edges of markets and pour into narrow roads that larger vehicles avoid. Even with a functioning rail system, these three-wheelers remain the city’s most dependable form of everyday transport.

Within hours of arriving, their importance becomes obvious. The train may take you across the city, but the journey does not end there. The last mile — often the most complicated part — belongs entirely to the three-wheeler. It is the vehicle that gets you home, to a meeting or simply through streets that no bus route properly serves.

There is a rhythm to using them. A destination is mentioned, a price is suggested and a brief negotiation follows. Then the ride begins, edging into traffic that feels permanently compressed. Drivers move with instinct, adjusting routes and squeezing through gaps with a confidence built over years.

It is not polished. But it works.

And that is where the comparison with Sri Lanka becomes less about what we lack and more about what we already have.

Back home, the three-wheeler has long been part of daily life — so familiar that it is often discussed only in terms of its problems. There are frequent complaints about fares, refusals or the absence of meters. More recently, the industry itself has become entangled in politics — from fuel subsidies to regulatory debates, from election-time promises to periodic crackdowns.

In that process, the conversation has shifted. The three-wheeler is often treated as a problem to be managed, rather than a service to be strengthened.

Yet, seen through the experience of Dhaka, Sri Lanka’s system begins to look far more settled — and, in many ways, ahead.

There is a growing structure in place. Meters, while not perfect, are widely recognised. Ride-hailing apps have added transparency and reduced uncertainty for passengers. There are clearer expectations on both sides — driver and commuter alike. Even small details, such as designated parking areas in parts of Colombo or the increasing standard of vehicles, point to an industry slowly moving towards professionalism.

Just as importantly, there is a human element that remains intact.

In Sri Lanka, a three-wheeler ride is rarely just a transaction. Drivers talk. They offer directions, comment on the day’s news, or share local knowledge. The ride becomes part of the social fabric, not just a means of getting from one point to another.

In Dhaka, the scale of the city leaves less room for that. The interaction is quicker, more direct, shaped by urgency. The service is essential, but it is under constant pressure.

What stands out, across both countries, is that the three-wheeler is not a temporary or outdated mode of transport. It is a necessity in dense, fast-growing Asian cities — one that fills gaps no rail or bus system can fully address.

Large infrastructure projects, like light rail, are important. They bring efficiency and long-term capacity. But they cannot replace the flexibility of a three-wheeler. They cannot reach into narrow streets, respond instantly to demand or provide that crucial last-mile connection.

That is why, even in a city that has invested heavily in modern rail, Dhaka still runs on three wheels.

For Sri Lanka, the lesson is not simply about what could have been built, but about what should be better managed and valued.

The three-wheeler industry does not need to be politicised at every turn. It needs steady regulation — clear fare systems, proper licensing, safety standards — alongside encouragement and recognition. It needs to be seen as part of the solution to urban transport, not as a side issue.

Because for thousands of drivers, it is a livelihood. And for millions of passengers, it is the most immediate and reliable form of mobility.

The tuk-tuk may not feature in grand policy speeches or infrastructure blueprints. It does not run on elevated tracks or attract international attention. But on the ground, where daily life unfolds, it continues to do what larger systems often struggle to do — show up, adapt and keep moving.

And after watching Dhaka’s streets — crowded, relentless, yet functioning — that small, three-wheeled vehicle feels less like something to argue over and more like something to get right.

(The writer is an Attorney-at-Law with over a decade of experience specialising in civil law, a former Board Member of the Office of Missing Persons and a former Legal Director of the Central Cultural Fund. He holds an LLM in International Business Law)

 

by Sampath Perera recently in Dhaka, Bangladesh 

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Dubai scene … opening up

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Seven Notes: Operating in Dubai

According to reports coming my way, the entertainment scene, in Dubai, is very much opening up, and buzzing again!

After a quieter few months, May is packed with entertainment and the whole scene, they say, is shifting back into full swing.

The Seven Notes band, made up of Sri Lankans, based in Dubai, are back in the spotlight, after a short hiatus, due to the ongoing Middle East problems.

On 18th April they did Legends Night at Mercure Hotel Dubai Barsha Heights; on Thursday, 9th May, they will be at the Sports Bar of the Mercure Hotel for 70s/80s Retro Night; on 6th June, they will be at Al Jadaf Dubai to provide the music for Sandun Perera live in concert … and with more dates to follow.

These events are expected to showcase the band’s evolving sound, tighter stage coordination, and stronger audience engagement.

With each performance, the band aims to refine its identity and build a loyal following within Dubai’s vibrant nightlife and event scene.

Pasindu Umayanga: The group’s new vocalist

What makes Seven Notes standout is their versatility which has made the band a dynamic and promising act.

With a growing performance calendar, new talent integration, and international ambitions, the band is definitely entering a defining phase of its journey.

Dubai’s music industry, I’m told, thrives on diversity, energy, and audience connection, with live bands playing a crucial role in elevating events—from corporate shows to private concerts. Against this backdrop, Seven Notes is positioning itself not just as another band, but as a performance-driven musical unit focused on consistency and growth.

Adding fresh momentum to the group is Pasindu Umayanga who joins Seven Notes as their new vocalist. This move signals a strategic upgrade—not just filling a role, but strengthening the band’s front-line presence.

Looking beyond local stages, Seven Notes is preparing for an international tour, to Korea, in July.

Bassist Niluk Uswaththa: Spokesperson for Seven Notes

According to bassist Niluk Uswaththa, taking a band abroad means: Your sound must hold up against unfamiliar audiences, your performance must translate beyond language, and your discipline must be at a professional level.

“If executed well, this tour could redefine Seven Notes from a local band into an emerging international act,” added Niluk.

He went on to say that Dubai is not an easy market. It’s saturated with highly experienced, multi-genre bands that can adapt instantly to any crowd.

“To stand out consistently you need to have tight rehearsal discipline, unique sound identity (not just covers), strong stage chemistry, audience retention – not just applause.”

No doubt, Seven Notes is entering a critical growth phase—new member, multiple shows, and an international tour on the horizon. The opportunity is real, but so is the pressure.

However, there is talk that Seven Notes will soon be a recognised name in the regional music scene.

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