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December – month to remember women in Buddhist History

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Buddhist texts have been pontificated on recently in Parliament by no less than the President of the country and the Leader of the Opposition. Stanzas in the language used by the Buddha were recited. The Prez substituted Angulimala who later became an arahant for the Buddha’s sworn enemy– Devadatta. Were these references to the Buddha and his teachings erudite and educative, calling forth “sadhu sadhu”? Not one bit! Laughter and embarrassment pervaded us ordinary Buddhists. A quote from Shakespeare in Merchant of Venice came to mind:

“The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose/ An evil soul producing holy witness

Is like a villain with a smiling cheek/ A goodly apple rotten at the heart”

I have no need of Parliamentary shenanigans. I write this on the Unduvap Poya day which is particularly significant to Sri Lanka and us women.

Theri Sanghamitta

It was on a full moon day in the month of Unduvap that Theri Sanghamitta arrived in the port of Dambakolapatuna in Jaffna bearing, it is said, eight saplings of the Bo Tree under which Siddhartha Gautama realized the Truth of Samsaric Life and became the Buddha. She was the daughter of Emperor Asoka and like her elder brother Mahinda Thera, took ordination. They were sent by their father to Lanka on requests made by King Devanampiyatissa: first for the new religion in India – fulfilled by Mahinda Thera in 247 BC, and later for a nun to start a nuns’ order. She arrived in 288 BC bringing with her many nuns, artisans and agriculturists. The Bo saplings were distributed to temples, it is said, and historically noted, that the sapling grown in the Mahamevuna Park in Anuradhapura still lives and is the world’s oldest living tree. She instituted the Meheni Sasna or Order of Bhikkhunis in the island. Mahinda Thera’s coming over not only consolidated Buddhism as the state religion; it also heralded a new flourishing of arts and culture. Theri Sanghamitta’s coming created a fresh impetus of freedom to women to choose the life they wished to lead.

Prajapati Gotami

Much venerated is the step-mother of Prince Siddhartha since it was her persistence and earnest request that started a Bhikkhuni Order.Prince Siddhartha’s mother, Mahamaya Devi, died a week after he was born. Her younger sister, who had an infant herself – Nanda – was given the responsibility of breast feeding and caring for the motherless infant. This she did with her relegating her own son to second place. King Suddhodhana made her his queen.

As a teenager gaining knowledge and achieving sports prowess, Prince Siddhartha told his father that he was not willing to be proclaimed heir to the Kapilavastu throne. He wanted his step-brother Nanda to be proclaimed thus. King Suddhodhana was angered but calmed by his wife Gotami who understood the young prince better. We are certain that just as wife Yashodara accepted her husband’s desire for taking to homelessness to seek the Truth, Prajapati Gotami too was sympathetic. When the Prince, now Buddha, visited Kapilavastu to see his father and family, Gotami may have extended the warmest welcome. Then, during another visit, she expressed her desire to become a Bhikkhuni. The Buddha refused the request.

Bhikkhu Nanamoli describes her quest in his The Life of the Buddha according to the Pali Canon thus as Narrators One and Two (Commentators of the present and past) explain it:

“The next rains – the fifth – was spent at Vesali… the north bank of the Ganges….

“In the months that followed, King Suddhodhana fell sick and died an Arahat. The Buddha again visited his native city.

“Mahapajapati Gotami came to him and said: ‘Lord, it would be good if women could obtain the going forth from the house life into homelessness in the Dhamma and Discipline declared by the Perfect One.

“’Enough Gotami, do not ask for the going forth….’”

But later, she walked hundreds of miles with many women desirous of taking higher vows and came to where the Buddha was, in Vesali.

She requested ordination from the Buddha through Ananda thrice and was refused. Ananda Thera taking pity on her and recognizing her determination reminded the Buddha of Gotami having been a most loving and caring mother to him. He relented then and agreed to ordain her if she was willing to take eight extra vows to the 200 odd that monks take.

Much has been said about the Buddha’s refusal: women are too weak, frivolous, would ruin the Sangha; the Buddha being male was sexist. Nonsense! Silly conjectures and useless arguments on this issue. A Burmese nun explained that the Buddha was busy organizing the Sangha and their conveying his Word far and wide, and did not want to be distracted. Further, he felt women were weak physically and would not be able to undergo the rigours of meditating in forests, cemeteries, as the practice then was. Additionally, they would be in danger when thus in solitary meditation from human and animal predators. However, with Gotami accepting his laid down condition and seeming so determined, she and her vast number of companions were ordained. And thus came to completion the four pillars of Buddhism: bhikkhus, bhikkhunis, male and female lay devotees.

Princess Yashodara

And thus I come to the woman of the Buddha’s time and up to now who I most admire, revere and feel great respectful affection for: Yashodara, wife in many samsaric existences to the man the Buddha was in past births.

I vividly remember the film Bimba Devi hewath Yashodara directed by Prof Sunil Ariyaratna and produced by H D Premasiri in which Yashodara walks many miles with her retinue of bhikkhunis to where the Buddha resides recollecting and retailing details of their lives. Old and feeble, she knows death is near and wishes to breathe her last where the Buddha is. Incidents are revealed from the time Siddhartha, in a previous eons ago life, vows in the presence of Deepankara Buddha he will be Gautama Buddha. She vows she will continue being his partner in his many lives. The film reverts several times to the walk of the brown clad bhikkhunis and sevikas in white, holding reed parasols as the voice of Yashodara recollects incidents in her life. At the end her voice records her arrival at Buddha’s abode. The Buddha is present at her death and has a stupa built over her ashes – in gratitude for her life of understanding companionship and devotion to him.

When Siddhartha indicated his desire to go to ascetism, she did not object. Her only request was that he leaves her when she is asleep. This he did the night their son Rahula was born. She never faulted him. She gave up palace comforts and took to frugal eating when hearsay conveyed to her the immense suffering he underwent before attaining Buddhahood . She did not go to meet the Buddha on his first visit to Kapilavastu; she only pointed out his father to Rahula. The Buddha came to her palace to see her and she is said to have fallen at his feet, sobbing. Though King Suddhodhana was bereft when the Buddha took away Rahula –aged seven – to be ordained, Yashodara understood even this act. She sent her son to ask his father for his endowment, knowing perhaps what it would be.

She died an arahant, with the Buddha present. Hers was a truly exemplary life, yet retaining feminity plus a firmness of mind.

Princess Hemamala

brought to Lanka the tooth relic of the Buddha saving it for posterity when India was reverting to Hinduism and Jainism. It had to be hidden so she carried it in her hair.A monk in a bana preaching on Wednesday December 7 acknowledged a great debt to women of Sri Lanka. He said that it is they who preserve Buddhism by helping to maintain temples and the Sangha. We also now have a Bhikkhuni Order of higher ordained nuns who, though in the background, preserve the Sasana and Theravada Buddhism in its pure form in this land.



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BRICS’ pushback against dollar domination sparks global economic standoff

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BRICS leaders at the recent Summit in Brazil. /United Nations

If one were to look for a ‘rationale’ for the Trump administration’s current decision to significantly raise its tariffs on goods and services entering its shores from virtually the rest of the world, then, it is a recent statement by US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent that one needs to scrutinize. He is quoted as saying that tariffs could return ‘to April levels, if countries fail to strike a deal with the US.’

In other words, countries are urged to negotiate better tariff rates with the US without further delay if they are not to be at the receiving end of the threatened new tariff regime and its disquieting conditions. An unemotional approach to the questions at hand is best.

It would be foolish on the part of the rest of the world to dismiss the Trump administration’s pronouncements on the tariff question as empty rhetoric. In this crisis there is what may be called a not so veiled invitation to the world to enter into discussions with the US urgently to iron out what the US sees as unfair trade terms. In the process perhaps mutually acceptable terms could be arrived at between the US and those countries with which it is presumably having costly trade deficits. The tariff crisis, therefore, should be approached as a situation that necessitates earnest, rational negotiations between the US and its trading partners for the resolving of outstanding issues.

Meanwhile, the crisis has brought more into the open simmering antagonisms between the US and predominantly Southern groupings, such as the BRICS. While the tariff matter figured with some urgency in the recent BRICS Summit in Brazil, it was all too clear that the biggest powers in the grouping were in an effort ‘to take the fight back to the US’ on trade, investment and connected issues that go to the heart of the struggle for global predominance between the East and the US. In this connection the term ‘West’ would need to be avoided currently because the US is no longer in complete agreement with its Western partners on issues of the first magnitude, such as the Middle East, trade tariffs and Ukraine.

Russian President Putin is in the forefront of the BRICS pushback against US dominance in the world economy. For instance, he is on record that intra-BRICS economic interactions should take place in national currencies increasingly. This applies in particular to trade and investment. Speaking up also for an ‘independent settlement and depository system’ within BRICS, Putin said that the creation of such a system would make ‘currency transactions faster, more efficient and safer’ among BRICS countries.

If the above and other intra-BRICS arrangements come to be implemented, the world’s dependence on the dollar would steadily shrink with a corresponding decrease in the power and influence of the US in world affairs.

The US’ current hurry to bring the world to the negotiating table on economic issues, such as the tariff question, is evidence that the US has been fully cognizant of emergent threats to its predominance. While it is in an effort to impress that it is ‘talking’ from a position of strength, it could very well be that it is fearful for its seemingly number one position on the world stage. Its present moves on the economic front suggest that it is in an all-out effort to keep its global dominance intact.

At this juncture it may be apt to observe that since ‘economics drives politics’, a less dollar dependent world could very well mark the beginning of the decline of the US as the world’s sole super power. One would not be exaggerating by stating that the tariff issue is a ‘pre-emptive’, strategic move of sorts by the US to remain in contention.

However, the ‘writing on the wall’ had been very manifest for the US and the West for quite a while. It is no longer revelatory that the global economic centre of gravity has been shifting from the West to the East.

Asian scholarship, in particular, has been profoundly cognizant of the trends. Just a few statistics on the Asian economic resurgence would prove the point. Parag Khanna in his notable work, ‘The Future is Asian’, for example, discloses the following: ‘Asia represents 50 percent of global GDP…It accounts for half of global economic growth. Asia produces and exports as well as imports and consumes more goods than any region.’

However, the US continues to be number one in the international power system currently and non-Western powers in particular would be erring badly if they presume that the economic health of the world and connected matters could be determined by them alone. Talks with the US would not only have to continue but would need to be conducted with the insight that neither the East nor the West would stand to gain by ignoring or glossing over the US presence.

To be sure, any US efforts to have only its way in the affairs of the world would need to be checked but as matters stand, the East and the South would need to enter into judicious negotiations with the US to meet their legitimate ends.

From the above viewpoint, it could be said that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was one of the most perceptive of Southern leaders at the BRICS Summit. On assuming chairmanship of the BRICS grouping, Modi said, among other things: ‘…During our chairmanship of BRICS, we will take this forum forward in the spirit of people-centricity and humanity first.’

People-centricity should indeed be the focus of BRICS and other such formations of predominantly the South, that have taken upon themselves to usher the wellbeing of people, as opposed to that of power elites and ruling classes.

East and West need to balance each other’s power but it all should be geared towards the wellbeing of ordinary people everywhere. The Cold War years continue to be instructive for the sole reason that the so-called ordinary people in the Western and Soviet camps gained nothing almost from the power jousts of the big powers involved. It is hoped that BRICS would grow steadily but not at the cost of democratic development.

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Familian Night of Elegance …

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The UK branch of the Past Pupils Association of Holy Family Convent Bambalapitiya went into action last month with their third grand event … ‘Familian Night of Elegance.’ And, according to reports coming my way, it was nothing short of a spectacular success.

This dazzling evening brought together over 350 guests who came to celebrate sisterhood, tradition, and the deep-rooted bonds shared by Familians around the world.

Describing the event to us, Inoka De Sliva, who was very much a part of the scene, said:

Inoka De Silva: With one of the exciting prizes – air ticket to Canada and back to the UK

“The highlight of the night was the performance by the legendary Corrine Almeida, specially flown in from Sri Lanka. Her soulful voice lit up the room, creating unforgettable memories for all who attended. She was backed by the sensational UK-based band Frontline, whose energy and musical excellence kept the crowd on their feet throughout the evening.”

Corrine
Almeida:
Created
unforgettable
memories

Inoka, who now resides in the UK, went on to say that the hosting duties were flawlessly handled by the ever popular DJ and compere Vasi Sachi, who brought his trademark style and charisma to the stage, while his curated DJ sets, during the breaks, added fun and a modern vibe to the atmosphere.

Mrs. Rajika Jesuthasan: President of the UK
branch of the Past Pupils Association of
Holy Family Convent Bambalapitiya
(Pix by Mishtré Photography’s Trevon Simon

The event also featured stunning dance performances that captivated the audience and elevated the celebration with vibrant cultural flair and energy.

One of the most appreciated gestures of the evening was the beautiful satin saree given to every lady upon arrival … a thoughtful and elegant gift that made all feel special.

Guests were also treated to an impressive raffle draw with 20 fantastic prizes, including air tickets.

The Past Pupils Association of Holy Family Convent Bambalapitiya, UK branch, was founded by Mrs. Rajika Jesuthasan née Rajakarier four years ago, with a clear mission: to bring Familians in the UK together under one roof, and to give back to their beloved alma mater.

As the curtain closed on another successful Familian celebration, guests left with hearts full, and spirits high, and already counting down the days until the next gathering.

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The perfect tone …

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We all want to have flawless skin, yet most people believe that the only way to achieve that aesthetic is by using costly skin care products.

Getting that perfect skin is not that difficult, even for the busiest of us, with the help of simple face beauty tips at home.

Well, here are some essential ways that will give you the perfect tone without having to go anywhere.

Ice Cubes to Tighten Skin:

Applying ice cubes to your skin is a fast and easy effective method that helps to reduce eye bags and pores, and makes the skin look fresh and beautiful. Using an ice cube on your face, as a remedy in the morning, helps to “revive” and prepare the skin.

*  Oil Cleansing for Skin:

Use natural oils, like coconut oil or olive oil, to cleanse your skin. Oils can clean the face thoroughly, yet moisturise its surface, for they remove dirt and excess oil without destroying the skin’s natural barriers. All one has to do is pick a specific oil, rub it softly over their face, and then wipe it off, using a warm soak (cloth soaked in warm water). It is a very simple method for cleaning the face.

* Sugar Scrub:

Mix a tablespoon of sugar with honey, or olive oil, to make a gentle scrub. Apply it in soft, circular motions, on your face and wash it off after a minute. This helps hydrate your skin by eliminating dead skin cells, which is the primary purpose of the scrub.

*  Rose Water Toner:

One natural toner that will soothe and hydrate your skin is rose water. Tightening pores, this water improves the general texture of your skin. This water may be applied gently to the face post-cleansing to provide a soothing and hydrating effect to your face.

* Aloe Vera:

It is well known that aloe vera does wonders for the skin. It will provide alleviation for the skin, because of its calming and moisturising effects. The application of aloe vera gel, in its pure form, to one’s skin is beneficial as it aids in moisturising each layer, prevents slight skin deformity, and also imparts a fresh and healthy look to the face. Before going to bed is the best time to apply aloe vera.

Water:

Staying hydrated, by drinking plenty of water (06 to 08 cups or glasses a day), helps to flush toxins and its functions in detoxification of the body, and maintenance the youthfulness of the skin in one’s appearance.

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