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COP27: Russian invasion of Ukraine released 8 mn MT of carbon till September – report
At least eight million tonnes carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent have been emitted from February to September this year as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, that started on February 24, 2022, a team of researchers announced at Sharm El-Sheikh November 9, 2022.The greenhouse gas impact of reconstruction efforts in the war-ravaged country is in the range of 48.7 million tonnes of carbon emissions equivalent, according to The Initiative of GHG Accounting of War.
The team consists of internationally renowned experts from various institutions and Ukrainians. It is led by Lennard De Klerk, a leading expert in greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting.The team presented its findings regarding GHG emissions released from military operations as a report during a side event, titled Dealing with military and conflict-related emissions under the UNFCCC.The report was released at a side event during the ongoing 27th Conference of Parties (COP27) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
The GHG emissions were quantified in four areas: Movement of warfare, fires, movement of refugees, and civilian infrastructure.Climate policy and carbon expert Olga Gassan-zade, a representative of the initiative said: “We made a detailed analysis to the extent we possibly can of the GHG impact of the war and military action itself. This included troop movements, fuel consumption, and military aircraft and also impact of explosives and ammunition in Ukraine.”
At least 6,215 fires spread over a total area of 486,162 hectares were caused by the ammunition and bombs during the seven months of the study period or the first 214 days of the war.
The total number of fires increased by 112 times on 38 times the total area compared to the same period in 2021. Gassan-zade said: “In total, we estimate fires directly caused by military action accounted for 23 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent.”
At least 1.4 million tonnes of GHG emissions have been released due to the movement of refugees, both within Ukraine and to Europe, the findings said.
Damaged forests
A representative of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine said from February 24 onward, 224,956 explosive devices were fired by Russian troops. Some 2,130 aircraft bombs were neutralised and phosphorous shells banned by international law were regularly unleashed on Ukraine.This led to unprecedented amounts of air pollution, which translates to monetary losses amounting to 24.6 billion Euros in Ukraine, she said.The war caused widespread damage to forests in Ukraine; 450,000 hectares of forestland are occupied by troops and are considered to be part of the hostilities zone. Currently, 10 national parks, eight national reserves, and two biosphere reserves are under occupation too.
Some 2.9 million hectares of Emerald Network sites are under threat of destruction. The Emerald Network is an ecological network to conserve natural habitats and their biodiversity in Europe.Sixteen of Ukraine’s 50 Ramsar Sites, or wetlands of international importance, and 20 per cent of all protected areas are under threat, the official said in her brief. She added that permanent damage to Ukraine’s soil amounted to 11.4 billion Euros in losses.
However, 2.45 million hectares of forest and 27 forestry enterprises have been liberated from occupation, and need to be restored.The war also caused damage to 497 water management facilities in Ukraine. According to a World Bank assessment, it would cost 7.71 billion Euros for the restoration of irrigation, drainage, and hydro-technical structures over a 10-year period.Gassan-zade said: “Besides the humanitarian impact of war, little has been known about the environmental impact of the war. This is the first assessment so far and we will be continuously updating it till the war ends.”
“So far national accounting allows exclusion of military emissions due to confidentiality rules and significant parts of military emissions relate to international bunker (transport) fuels that are not covered by the Paris Agreement,” Axel Michaelowa, senior founding partner of the Perspectives Climate Group said.
“We would suggest that reporting for military and conflict-related emissions under the Paris Agreement be urgently included under the global stocktake for COP28, national inventory guidelines of the IPCC, and as a section for the 7th IPCC Assessment Report,” Michaelowa added. – Down to Earth
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Landslide Early Warnings issued to the Districts of Badulla, Kandy, Matale, Monaragala and Nuwara Eliya
The Landslide Early Warning Center of the the National Building Research Organaisation [NBRO] has issued landslide early warnings to the districts of Badulla, Kandy, Matale, Monaragala and Nuwara Eliya for a period of 24 hours effective from 1200 noon today [07th January].
Accordingly,
LEVEL III RED landslide early warnings have been issued to the divisional secretaries divisions and surrounding areas of Udadumbara in the Kandy district, and Nildandahinna and Walapane in the Nuwara Eliya district.
LEVEL II AMBER landslide early warnings have been issued to the divisional secretaries divisions and surrounding areas of Kandaketiya in the Badulla district, Wilgamuwa in the Matale district, and Mathurata and Hanguranketha in the Nuwara Eliya district.
LEVEL I YELLOW landslide early warnings have been issued to the divisional secretaries divisions and surrounding areas of Meegahakiwula, Lunugala, Welimada, Passara, Badulla and Hali_Ela in the Badulla district, Doluwa in the Kandy district,Ambanganga Korale in the Matale district, and Bibile in the Monaragala district
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Prez seeks Harsha’s help to address CC’s concerns over appointment of AG
Chairman of the Committee on Public Finance (CoPF), MP Dr. Harsha de Silva, told Parliament yesterday that President Anura Kumara Dissanayake had personally telephoned him in response to a letter highlighting the prolonged delay in appointing an Auditor General, a vacancy that has remained unfilled since 07 December.
Addressing the House, Dr. de Silva said the President had contacted him following the letter he sent, in his capacity as CoPF Chairman, regarding the urgent need to appoint the constitutionally mandated head of the National Audit Office. During the conversation, the President had sought his intervention to inform the Constitutional Council (CC) about approving the names already forwarded by the President for consideration.
Dr. de Silva said the President had inquired whether he could convey the matter to the Constitutional Council after their discussion. He stressed that both the President and the CC must act in cooperation and in strict accordance with the Constitution, warning that institutional deadlock should not undermine constitutional governance.
He also raised concerns over the Speaker’s decision to prevent the letter he sent to the President from being shared with members of the Constitutional Council, stating that this had been done without any valid basis. Dr. de Silva subsequently tabled the letter in Parliament.
Last week, Dr. de Silva formally urged President Dissanayake to immediately fill the Auditor General’s post, warning that the continued vacancy was disrupting key constitutional functions. In his letter, dated 22 December, he pointed out that the absence of an Auditor General undermines Articles 148 and 154 of the Constitution, which vest Parliament with control over public finance.
He said that the vacancy has severely hampered the work of oversight bodies such as the Committee on Public Accounts (COPA) and the Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE), particularly at a time when the country is grappling with a major flood disaster.
As Chair of the Committee responsible for overseeing the National Audit Office, Dr. de Silva stressed that a swift appointment was essential to safeguard transparency, accountability and financial oversight.
In a separate public statement, he warned that Sri Lanka was operating without its constitutionally mandated Chief Auditor at a critical juncture. In a six-point appeal to the President, Dr. de Silva emphasised that an Auditor General must be appointed urgently in the context of ongoing disaster response and reconstruction efforts.
“Given the large number of transactions taking place now with Cyclone Ditwah reconstruction and the yet-to-be-legally-established Rebuilding Sri Lanka Fund, an Auditor General must be appointed urgently,” he said in a post on X.
By Saman Indrajith
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Govt. exploring possibility of converting EPF benefits into private sector pensions
The NPP government was exploring the feasibility of introducing a regular pension, or annuity scheme, for Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) contributors, Deputy Minister of Labour Mahinda Jayasinghe told Parliament yesterday.
Responding to a question raised by NPP Kalutara District MP Oshani Umanga in the House, Jayasinghe said the government was examining whether EPF benefits, which are currently paid as a lump sum at retirement, could instead be converted into a system that provides regular payments throughout a retiree’s lifetime.
“We are looking at whether it is possible to provide a pension,” Jayasinghe said, stressing that there was no immediate plan to abolish the existing lump-sum payment. “But we are paying greater attention to whether a regular payment can be provided throughout their retired life.”
Jayasinghe noted that the EPF was established as a social security mechanism for private sector employees after retirement and warned that receiving the entire fund in a single installment could place retirees at financial risk, particularly as life expectancy increases.
He also cautioned that interim withdrawals from the EPF undermined its long-term sustainability. “Even the interim payments that are given from time to time undermine the ability to give security at the time of retirement,” he said, distinguishing the EPF from the Employees’ Trust Fund, which provides more frequent interim benefits.
Addressing concerns over early withdrawals, the Deputy Minister explained that contributors have been allowed to withdraw up to 30 percent of their EPF balance since 2015, with a further 20 percent permitted after 10 years, subject to specific conditions and documentary proof.
Of 744 applications received for such withdrawals, 702 had been approved, he said.
The proposed shift towards an annuity-based system comes amid broader concerns over Sri Lanka’s ageing population and pressures on retirement financing. While state sector employees receive pensions funded by taxpayers, including EPF contributors, the EPF itself has been facing growing strain as it is also used to finance budget deficits.
Jayasinghe said the government’s focus was to formulate a mechanism that would ensure long-term income security for private sector employees, placing them on a footing closer to a pension scheme rather than a one-time retirement payout.
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