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Colombo asks India to send six bisons to reintroduce them in Lanka after 3 centuries

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As wildlife diplomacy takes wing, government considers Lankan proposal for translocating gaurs

By Suhasini Haidar
and Jacob Koshy

New Delhi October 15, 2022: Close on the heels of the project that translocated cheetahs from Namibia, the Indian government is considering a proposal from Colombo to export a number of gaurs, or Indian bisons, to Sri Lanka to revive the population of gavaras that have been extinct in the island since the end of the 17th century. If the project is cleared, it would be the first such agreement between India and Sri Lanka, and part of a global trend of “wildlife or zoological diplomacy”, say experts.

Sources said the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), which received the request in August, has now forwarded it to the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), “seeking comments” on the proposal to transport at least six specimens, including a bull and three to five cows. According to the written proposal, the Sri Lankan Department of Zoological Gardens would then carry out “captive breeding a herd of about a dozen specimens over a five-year period before trial reintroduction to the wild could take place in accordance with [internationally mandated] guidelines for reintroductions”.

S.P. Yadav, Director, National Tiger Conservation Authority, said the proposal was being studied. “We’ll have to evaluate if the conditions for translocation are right, such that the animal can sustainably thrive over there,” he told The Hindu, estimating the evaluation could take a few months.The suggestion for the proposal came from world-renowned Sri Lankan conservationist Rohan Pethiyagoda, who was awarded the Linnean medal 2022 (U.K. -based equivalent of the Nobel prize for zoology) for his work on restoring fresh water and forest biodiversity.

“As a scientific and cultural collaboration between our two countries, I felt this could be an immensely valuable initiative. But I know it is fraught with difficulties,” said Sri Lankan High Commissioner to India Milinda Moragoda who handed over the preliminary request on the basis of Mr. Pethiyagoda’s suggestion. “India is without a doubt Sri Lanka’s closest friend, supporter and trading partner. We have a shared history, shared cultural identity, and shared gene. We even got Buddhism, on whose traditions we derive our national values, from India,” he added.

Experts say that while “zoological diplomacy” had been practised worldwide, they draw a distinction between “gifts or loans” of animals in captivity to translocation and reintroduction of a species, particularly between neighbouring countries with similar eco-systems. For example, American bison herds were supplemented with animals from Canada after the U.S. herds were almost all wiped out, The U.K. has recently introduced the European bison (Wisent) after an estimated 10,000 years in June 2022(its extinct relative the Steppe Bison was believed to have lived there many centuries ago).

Israel has for decades pursued reintroductions, including of Persian fallow deer. Arabian oryx and other species have been released into the Negev desert, and South Africa has recently used the export of cheetahs to other African countries as a diplomatic tool during the post-apartheid era. More recently, Cambodia has requested translocating tigers from India, which is under consideration.

“Much depends on whether the conditions that caused the extinction have been removed, but reintroduction is known and has frequently been taken up between countries where the range is contiguous,” explained Mahesh Rangaran, Professor of History and Environmental Studies at Ashoka University who has studied conservation history, including such attempts. “In that sense, the animal plays a role as a zoological ambassador between nation states,” he added.

Sri Lankan officials say the gaur, called the gavara in Sinhala, was once widespread and archaeological remains in ancient caves in the island included the remains of the animal. By the end of the 17th century, however, the species appears to have been extirpated in Sri Lanka, although they remain prominent in iconography and mythological stories.The Indian gaur, a reclusive beast that lives in the wild, is the largest wild bovine that is a protected species and included in Schedule I of the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 and listed as vulnerable in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. There are about 13,000 to 30,000 gaurs in the world with approximately 85% of the population present in India. It is also found in Burma and Thailand.

The first-ever population estimation exercise of the Indian gaur carried out in the Nilgiris Forest Division in February 2020 estimated around 2,000 Indian gaurs to be inhabiting the division. This came after instances of people being attacked or injured by the bison primarily in and around plantations came to light. In 2019, for which the most recent numbers are available, three people were killed and seven injured in attacks by gaurs.

(The Hindu)



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Namal Rajapaksa Buddhist gambit fails, bail denied

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MONETABRIEF – Namal Rajapaksa, son of Sri Lanka’s former leader Mahinda Rajapaksa, was denied bail by the Colombo chief magistrate despite pleading that he needed to attend important Buddhist rituals and travel to India.

The 40-year-old opposition MP’s lawyer, Shavindra Fernando, told the court that Namal had been invited to take part in a pinnacle-capping ceremony at the Pothgul Vihara temple on  September 26.

“If my client fails to attend this event, it should be regarded as a disrespect shown to the chief incumbent of the temple,” Fernando said.

He added that Namal had also received an invitation to visit India from 27 September to 1 October and therefore sought bail.

However, he was remanded until  September 29 in connection with allegations that he received kickbacks of $800,000 from the $2.3 billion Airbus aircraft purchase deal his father – Mahinda Rajapaksa – approved as president in 2013.

Deputy Solicitor General Janaka Bandara invoked the Buddha’s teachings in response to Namal’s lawyer, Fernando, saying that a judicial matter was far more important than attending a religious ceremony.

“According to what is being said here, the accused himself should have considered this while conducting dealings with Nimal Perera,” Bandara said, referring to the businessman who allegedly routed the bribe money to Namal.

Bandara quoted at length from a recent Supreme Court decision that expanded on the Buddha’s teachings, noting that when a ruler is righteous, the people follow; but when the ruler is dishonest, the citizenry follows that example too.

The 40-year-old MP was arrested on 4 September under the new anti-graft legislation parliament adopted unanimously in 2023.

Namal is primarily accused of accepting $800,000 out of a 1.4 euro million bribe that the then SriLankan Airlines chief executive, Kapila Chandrasena, is alleged to have received from Airbus after finalising a $2.3 billion purchase of aircraft in 2013.

Magistrate Asanga S. Bodaragama told the previous court hearing that he did not have the power to grant Namal bail because the Director-General of the Commission to Investigate Allegations of Bribery or Corruption (CIABOC) had issued a certificate under section 149 of the Act.

The provision stipulates that a magistrate may not grant bail when the CIABOC DG presents a certificate confirming that an offence under the Act has been committed.

The magistrate noted that he could grant bail only in “exceptional circumstances”, but there was no acceptable argument from the defence for him to do so.

A Buddhist temple festival and an invitation from India could not be considered good enough reasons to grant bail.

The businessman who acted as a conduit for the bribe – Nimal Perera – had turned state witness, providing details of how the money was given to Namal through two bank transfers in 2014 and 2015, the court was told.

Under the provisions of the August 2023 Act, Namal Rajapaksa could be held in custody until the conclusion of the trial, even though the magistrate remanded him until  September 18, the maximum he could be incarcerated at a time.

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JR’s 17-year revolution transformed Lanka, says Ranil

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Ranil

Former President and UNP Leader Ranil Wickremesinghe said Sri Lanka’s first Executive President, J. R. Jayewardene, launched a 17-year revolution that transformed the country’s economy, strengthened democracy and improved living standards.

Addressing a scholarly discussion organised by the D. S. Senanayake Political Chair at the National Library on Thursday to mark Jayewardene’s 120th birth anniversary, Wickremesinghe recalled how his predecessor’s policies expanded education, decentralised property ownership and improved access to housing and electricity.

He said school enrolment increased from 2.5 million to 4.1 million during Jayewardene’s tenure, while household electricity coverage rose from 10 per cent to 95 per cent.

Housing conditions also improved, with the proportion of homes with permanent roofs and cement walls increasing from 40 per cent to 80 per cent, Wickremesinghe said.

“Isn’t this a revolution?” he asked, stressing that the reforms had improved the quality of life of ordinary people.

Wickremesinghe also highlighted Jayewardene’s constitutional reforms, particularly Article 3 of the 1978 Constitution, which vested sovereignty, including fundamental rights and the franchise, in the people.

He said the Constitution provided for the direct election of the Executive President by the people and guaranteed judicial protection of fundamental rights through Article 126.

Paying tribute to former leaders Ranasinghe Premadasa, Gamini Dissanayake and Lalith Athulathmudali, Wickremesinghe said their contributions to housing, the Mahaweli Development Programme and the Mahapola scholarship scheme formed part of the broader transformation initiated under Jayewardene.

He said activities to mark the UNP’s 80th anniversary were now under way and invited SJB members to join in continuing Jayewardene’s legacy.

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Vehicle prices drop by up to Rs. 1 mn, says importers’ body

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Vehicle prices in the local market have declined considerably, with prices of some small vehicles falling by at least Rs. 1 million, Vehicle Importers Association of Lanka (VIAL) Chairman Indika Sampath Merenchige said.

Speaking to the media, Merenchige said the current market situation provided an opportunity for those planning to purchase vehicles to reserve them, as prices could decline further.

He said many traders were currently selling vehicles at a loss, while the downward trend in prices was expected to continue depending on market conditions.

“People who are planning to buy vehicles should consider reserving them at this stage,” he said.

However, Merenchige said vehicle prices could increase once the market stabilised.

He said prices of several popular models, including the Toyota Yaris, Toyota Raize, Honda Vezel, Suzuki Wagon R, Daihatsu Mira and Suzuki vans, had fallen by between Rs. 400,000 and Rs. 1 million.

Rejecting recent claims by the Ceylon Motor Traders’ Association (CMTA), Merenchige said any alleged loss of Government revenue was attributable to the importation of brand-new vehicles.

The CMTA had claimed that the Government could lose between Rs. 100 billion and Rs. 120 billion in revenue in 2026 due to a tax loophole allegedly being exploited by used-vehicle importers. It had also claimed that the Government had lost around Rs. 40 billion in 2025 and a further Rs. 54 billion between January and July this year.

Merenchige explained the impact of brand-new vehicle imports on Government revenue, referring to provisions contained in a 2016 Gazette notification. He urged the authorities not to be misled by what he described as inaccurate claims.

He said the shortage of vehicles caused by the five-year restriction on vehicle imports had now largely been addressed, although more vehicles were still needed to meet the remaining market demand.

However, he claimed that vehicle imports had subsequently exceeded actual market requirements, contributing to the decline in prices.

Merenchige also attributed part of the recent price reduction to the surcharge imposed by the Government, saying it had contributed to the downward movement in vehicle prices.

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